• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.39 no.4
• /
• pp.295-299
• /
• 2008

The antioxidant activities, anti-inflammatory activity and cytotoxic effects of methanol extract from Euphorbia humifusa were evaluated in this study. Total phenolic compound contents were $68.35{\pm}0.16$ mg/g and total flavonoid compound contents were estimated as $38.74{\pm}1.26$ mg/g. EC50 values for DPPH radical scavenging activity of methanol extract was $56.26{\pm}0.66{\mu}g/mL$ and those of positive controls as ascorbic acid, ${\alpha}$-tocopherol and BHA were $8.38{\pm}0.14{\mu}g/mL$, $16.45{\pm}0.89{\mu}g/mL$ and $21.18{\pm}1.01{\mu}g/mL$ respectively. NO scavenging activity increased in depending on concentration of extract. Treatment of RAW 264.7 cells with extract caused inhibition of LPS-induced nitric oxide production. The cell viability showed that the methanol extract had cytotoxicity in the growth of breast cancer cell ($66.54{\pm}1.91%$ at $400{\mu}g/mL$ conc., $43.98{\pm}3.35%$ at $800{\mu}g/mL$ conc.). Based on the results, It was suggested that the methanol extract of Euphorbia humifusa has a potential candidate for functional cosmetic and medicine.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.134-141
• /
• 2013

Reflow soldering process is essential in electronic package. Reflow process for a long time results from the decrease of reliability because IMC is formed excessively. Solder alloys of Sn-37Pb and Sn-Ag with different kinds of Cu contents (0, 0.5 and 1 wt.%) as compared with Ni and Cu plate joints are investigated according to varying reflow time. The interfaces of solder joints are observed to analyze IMC (intermetallic compound) growth rate by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Shear test is also performed by using SP (Share-Punch) tester. The test results are compared with the solder joints of two different plates (Ni and Cu plate). $Cu_6Sn_5$ IMCs are formed on Cu plate interfaces after reflows in all samples. Ni3Sn4 and $(Cu,Ni)_6Sn_5$ IMCs are also formed on Ni plate interfaces. The IMC layer forms are affected by reflow time and contents of solder alloy. These results show that mechanical strength of solder joints strongly depends on thickness and shape of IMC.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.39 no.3
• /
• pp.255-259
• /
• 2008

This study was investigated antioxidant and anticancer activity of water, methanol extract from upper and root part of Taraxacum mongolicum H. Total phenolic compound contents of methanol and water extracts from upper part were $51.95{\pm}0.18$ mg/g and $48.16{\pm}0.89$ mg/g respectively, and total flavonoid compound contents were estimated as $20.57{\pm}1.12$ mg/g in methanol extract and $6.55{\pm}1.20$ mg/g in water extract. $EC_{50}$ values for DPPH radical scavenging activity of methanol and water extract from upper part were $138.47{\pm}3.78{\mu}g/mL$ and $204.38{\pm}5.32{\mu}g/mL$, and methanol and water extracts from root part were as $512{\pm}8.11{\mu}g/mL$ in methanol extract and $1315.05{\pm}11.98{\mu}g/mL$ in water extract. Reducing power and hydroxyl radical $({\bullet}OH)$ scavenging activity estimated that methanol extract of each part were higher than water extracts. The cell viability showed that the methanol extract from upper part had a cytotoxicity in the growth of colon carcinoma cell (44.58%). Both water extract $(51.97{\pm}11.43%)$ from upper part and methanol $(53.46{\pm}19.77%)$, water $(52.79{\pm}13.53%)$ extracts from root part had quite higher cytotoxicity than that of methanol extract $(88.25{\pm}2.02%)$ from upper part. Based on the results, It was suggested that the methanol extract of Taraxacum mongolicum H. were potential materials for use as functional food and medicine.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.54 no.3
• /
• pp.314-319
• /
• 2009

The identification of volatile constituents in foods is important in creating flavor compounds to improve the flavor of foods. This study was conducted to identify the flavor compounds in soybean sprouts cultivated with 4 different types of soybean seeds. A total of 52 flavor compounds were identified and composed mainly of alcohols (16), aldehydes (17), ketones (10), acids (2), furans (2), and miscellaneous compounds (5). Sprouts cultivated with Dawonkong and Orialtae showed 46 flavor compounds whereas Pungsannamulkong and Nokchaekong was 49 and 50. In total flavor compounds contents, Orialtae was the highest (19.3 mg/kg RC) and followed by Pungsannamulkong (15.83 mg/kg RC), Dawonkong (13.2 mg/kg RC), and Nokchaekong (11.3 mg/kg RC) in that order. Two groups including alcohols and aldehydes were detected high amounts in which their ratio were analyzed 32% and 51% in total flavor contents, respectively. It may be responsible for flavor in soybean sprouts. In case each flavor compound content, 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde was detected the major compound and hexanol, 1-octen-3-ol, and hexanal that the main compounds in lipid oxidation of soybean products were identified the main volatile flavor compounds in soybean sprouts.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.39-46
• /
• 2003

An immobilization zone can be constructed by modifying soils in the vadose zone with surfactants, which can be used to promote retardation of organic contaminants in the subsurface. Column experiments were conducted to investigate the behavior of surfactants and organic contaminants in unsaturated and saturated conditions with different water contents (25%, 50%, 75%, 100%). Transport and sorption of surfactant (dialkylated disulfonated diphenyl oxide) in the columns containing aluminum oxide was similar under the conditions at different water contents. However, transport of a model organic compound (naphthalene) was retarded as the water content decreased by enhanced partitioning of the compound into the surfactants that were sorbed on the aluminum oxide. This suggests that the immobilization method could well be applied to vadose zone as well as to saturated zone.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.91-100
• /
• 2014

This study investigated the antioxidative activities and quality characteristics of gruel as a home meal replacement with Angelica keiskei powder pre-treated by far-infrared radiation or freeze-drying methods. Far-infrared treated Angelica keiskei powder (F-IAP) showed significantly lighter, weaker green, and stronger yellow color values than powder subjected to freezedrying (FAP) (p<0.001). F-IAP showed higher total phenolic compound contents than that of the FAP. ABTS radical scavenging activity of F-IAP was 50.31%, which was significantly higher than that of FAP, at 43.51% (p<0.05). Color values of gruel significantly decreased with increased addition of Angelica keiskei powder (p<0.05). Gruels containing far-infrared treated Angelica keiskei powder (F-IAG) showed higher total phenolic compound contents as well as ABTS radical scavenging activities compared to the gruels containing freeze-dried Angelica keiskei powder (FAG). Gruels containing 5 g of Angelica keiskei powder showed 2.0 to 2.5 times higher antioxidant activities than those containing powder alone due to the presence of other ingredients with antioxidant activities such as black soybean or sweet pumpkin. In the results of sensory evaluation, F-IAG containing more than 5 g of Angelica keiskei powder had higher sweetness and roasted grain flavor, as well as lower bitterness and astringency compared to FAG. Sensory acceptance tests of all samples showed higher scores than 5.0 representing possibilities of successful development of gruels as a home meal replacement containing Angelica keiskei powder.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
• /
• v.10 no.8
• /
• pp.1175-1179
• /
• 1999

The rheological properties of highly filled epoxy molding compound(EMC) for semi-conductor encapsulants are greatly affected by the content of filler loaded. In this study, the change of viscosity of EMC for semi-conductor encapsulants with the filler content was investigated. Also, both of Cox-Merz and modified Cox-Merz equations were applied to convert the viscosity change as a function of frequency to that of shear rate. It was ovserved that shear thinning and yield stress occured at high filler contents and that the Cox-Merz equation could not be applied at high filler contents because of the difference of viscosity according to the various strains. When the modified Cox-Merz equation was applied, the all the curves having different strain tend to be represented by one master curve, even though some deviation was obseved at high filler content and strain.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
• /
• v.18 no.5
• /
• pp.1193-1198
• /
• 2009

Ethylacetate and butanol fractions of leaf extracts (OLE) showed the higher contents of total phenolic compounds than hexane and water fractions. Oleuropein contents were $4.21{\pm}0.57,\;3.92{\pm}0.43,\;0.32{\pm}0.03,\;5.76{\pm}0.32$, and $32.47{\pm}0.25mg$/100g for ethanol extract, and hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and butanol fraction, respectively. Treatment of ultraviolet-B (UVB) irradiated cells with 3 OLEs prepared by using ethylacetate and butanol at concentrations 0.001, 0.005, and 0.01% respectively showed significant recovery of cell viabilities. Treatment of dexametason 1 mM reduced tumor necrotic factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$ secretion by about 40%. UVB irradiated immortalized human keratinocytes (HaCaT) cells were treated with 3 different OLEs at the same concentrations. Ethylacetate fraction showed the strongest inhibition activity with respect of reduction of the elevated (TNF)-${\alpha}$. Cytotoxicity of OLEs on the B16-F1 cells was evaluated through thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Ethylacetate fraction has no cytotoxicity in the range of 0.005-0.01%. A slight cytotoxicity was observed at the concentration of 0.1% butanol fraction of OLE that caused 10% decrease in cell viability.

• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
• /
• v.33 no.6
• /
• pp.233-241
• /
• 2013

Effect of Fe and Mn contents on the castability of Al-9wt%Si-xMg-yFe-zMn alloy has been studied. The alloy was composed of ${\alpha}$-Al phase, Al+eutectic Si phase, ${\beta}$-Al5FeSi compound and chinese script ${\alpha}$-$Al_{15}(Mn,Fe)_3Si_2$ compound. ${\beta}$-$Al_5FeSi$ and ${\alpha}$-$Al_{15}(Mn,Fe)_3Si_2$ compounds assumed to effect the fluidity and shrinkage behaviors of the alloy during solidification due to the crystallization of ${\alpha}$-$Al_{15}(Fe,Mn)_3Si_2$ and ${\beta}$-$Al_5FeSi$ compounds above eutectic temperature. As Fe and Mn contents of Al-9wt%Si-0.3wt%Mg system alloy increased from 0.15wt% to 0.6wt% and from 0.3wt% to 0.7wt%, fluidity of the alloy decreased by 5.7% and 3.3%, respectively. And as Mg content of Al-9wt%Si-0.45wt%Fe-0.5wt%Mn system alloy increased from 0.3wt% to 0.4wt%, fluidity of the alloy decreased by 8.6%. When Fe content of the alloy increased from 0.15wt% to 0.6wt%, macro shrinkage ratio decreased from 6.1% to 4.1%, and micro shrinkage ratio increased from 0.04% to 0.24%. Similarly, Mn content of the alloy increased from 0.3wt% to 0.7wt%, macro shrinkage ratio decreased from 6.0% to 4.5% and micro shrinkage ratio increased from 0.12% to 0.18%. Judging from the castability of the alloy, Al-9wt%Si-0.3wt%Mg alloy with low content of Fe and Mn, 0.1wt% Fe and 0.3wt% Mn, is recommendable.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.148-156
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this study was to analyze the changes in physicochemical characteristics and NDMA formation of Orostachys japonicus A. Berger according to harvest times. The results showed moisture, carbohydrate, crude fiber and crude protein contents of <$48.5{\pm}1.4%$, $38.2{\pm}1.2%$, $l5.8{\pm}0.4%$ and $13.2{\pm}0.6%$ respectively. The total mineral content was 4,817.1 mg/100 g, where Ca was highest($2,577.0{\pm}3.2$ mg/100 g), followed by K, Mg, Na, P and Fe. The composition amino acid of O. japonicus A. Berger showed high levels of glutamic acid and aspartic acid. And among the five free sugars detected, galactose and glucose were most abundant at $32.2{\pm}0.02$ mg/100 g and $25.3{\pm}0.1O$ mg/100 g, respectively. Upon comparing O. japonicus A. Berger extracts that came from plants harvested during $August{\sim}October$, total phenolic compound($2,703.l{\pm}5.2l{\sim}2,428.0{\pm}3.52$ mg/100 g) and flavonoid($634.2{\pm}2.33{\sim}1,324.6{\pm}1.87$ mg/100 g) contents were higher in the methanol extract than in the water extract. Also, within a reaction system, nitrite scavenging ability and NDMA inhibition were most effective at pH 2.5, and increased in proportion to the extract concentration. Finally, the methanol extract of O. japonicus A Berger harvested during $August{\sim}October$ had the highest nitrite scavenging and NDMA inhibition effects.