• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.423-429
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• 2011

B13 analogues are being considered as therapeutic agents for cancer cells, since B13 is a ceramide analogue and inhibits ceramidase to promote apoptosis in cancer cells. B13 sulfonamides are assumed to have biological activity similar to B13, since they are made by bioisosterically substituting the carboxyl moiety of B13 with sulfone group. Twenty B13 sulfonamides were evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxicities against human colon cancer HT-29 and lung cancer A549 cell lines using MTT assays. Replacement of the amide group with a sulfonamide group increased cytotoxicity in both cancer cell lines. The sulfonamides with long alkyl chains exhibited activities two to three times more potent than that of B13 and compound (15) had the most potent activity with $IC_{50}$ values of 27 and $28.7{\mu}M$ for HT-29 and A549, respectively. The comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) were used to carry out QSAR molecular modeling of these compounds. The predictive CoMSIA models for HT-29 and A549 gave cross-validated q2 values of 0.703 and 0.830, respectively. From graphical analysis of these models, we suppose that the stereochemistry of 1,3-propandiol is not important for activity and that introduction of a sulfonamide group and long alkyl chains into B13 can increase cytotoxicity.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.41
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• pp.8.1-8.6
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• 2019

Background: Resorbable devices have recently been adopted in the field of orthognathic surgery with controversies about their postoperative skeletal stability. Hence, we determined the long-term skeletal stability of unsintered hydroxyapatite/poly-ʟ-lactic acid (HA/PLLA) mesh for osteofixation of mandibular sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO), and compared it with that of titanium miniplate. Methods: Patients were divided into resorbable mesh and titanium miniplate fixation groups. A comparative study of the change in the mandibular position was performed with preoperative, 1-day, 6-month, and 2-year postoperative lateral cephalograms. Results: At postoperative 6 months-compared with postoperative 1 day, point B (supra-mentale) was significantly displaced anteriorly in the titanium-fixation group. Moreover, at postoperative 2 years-compared with postoperative 6 months, point B was significantly displaced inferiorly in the titanium-fixation. However, the HA/PLLA mesh-fixation group did not show any significant change with respect to point B postoperatively. Conclusions: The HA/PLLA mesh-fixation group demonstrated superior long-term skeletal stability with respect to the position of mandible, when compared with the titanium-fixation group.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.45-53
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to identify the proper changing time of tracheal suction catheter by examining the microorganisms inside after used The samples were the adult and the elderly patients who were in the intensive cane unit of one university hospital in Korea from the early December, 2002 to the end of May 2003. Since the patients needed tracheal suction, sterile catheter including other equipments were used whenever tracheal suction provided, to the experimental group. The sterile catheter with others was provided when the catheter repeatedly used for four hours, to the comparative group. Research was permitted by the head of hospital administration, hospital nursing department; microbiology and intensive care unit. The main results of the study are as follows. 1) The demographic characteristics between the two groups present statistically no difference. 2) Every the experimental group showed various kinds of microorganisms, the numbers of the kinds and carries of the microorganisms were less than those of the comparative group. 3) The mean numbers of the microorganisms between the two groups were significantly different, p < 0.05. This study results strongly emphasize the needs of using sterile catheter whenever a nurse suctions to keep patient's airway open.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.89-97
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to design a system of web-based discovery learning and testify its effectiveness, in order to complement the difficulties of discovery learning considered to be hard to be applied to the school education because of shortage of time and materials, though discovery learning is one of inquiry learning emphasized in the 7th national curriculum of elementary science. As for the process of testifying, it compared the differences between comparative group with normal discovery learning model and experimental group with web-based system of discovery learning model, targeting the subject of extending spring among the 4th grade science. As a result, the experimental group achieved higher academic performance compared to the comparative group applied to the normal discovery learning model.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.204-212
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of science-based STEAM on creative thinking and creative personality. For this study the 3 grade, 2 class was divided into a research group and a comparative group. The class was pre-tested in order to ensure the same standard. The research group had the science class with science-based STEAM, and the comparative group had the class with teacher centered lectures for 5 months. The science-based STEAM was focused on finding stories in lifes, composition of knowledge, completion of knowledge. The results of this study are as follows. First, science-based STEAM was effective in creative thinking. Second, science-based STEAM was effective in creative personality. Also, after using science-based STEAM was good reaction by students. As a result, the elementary science class with science-based STEAM had the effects of developing creative thinking and creative personality. it means the science class with creative personality has potential possibilities and value to develop creative thinking and creative personality.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.15-36
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• 2015

This research aims at executing a after reading activity using book trailers for the teenagers, and verifying its effects. For the investigation into its effectiveness, 6 classes on the first grade in a middle school were divided into 3 classes of an experimental group (104 students) and the other 3 classes of a comparative group (100 students), and a preliminary and a post test were conducted using the measurement tool on creativity and reading attitudes. As the result, the creativity, reading attitudes and understanding of the selected books of the experimental group were found to be better than those of the comparative group.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.465-474
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the experience-based ecology-environmental STEAM education on ecological sensitivity of elementary students. The research subjects were 62 third graders of S elementary school located in Incheon. They were divided into the experimental group of 33 students and the comparative group of 29 students. The experimental group was provided the educational program with the experience-based ecology-environmental STEAM education. The comparative group was provided the theoretical and ecological self activity program based on the textbook. The results of this study can be summarized as follows; First, the experience-based ecology-environmental STEAM education had a meaningful effect on improvement of ecological sensitivity. Second, we found that access to the ecological environment education is important in all subjects, not in education that is biased toward. Third, in ecological environment education, experience-oriented education methods are more meaningful than indirect experiences trapped in textbooks. Fourth, ecological environment education can contribute to the improvement of ecological sensitivity as well as the intellectual aspect of ecology and environmental science. In conclusion, it was found that the ecological environment program should be conducted with activities of experience.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.263-274
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of STEAM program on students' academic achievement, creative problem-solving ability, scientific inquiry ability and scientific interests of elementary school students. For this, we developed a STEAM program to utilize animation production about 'structure and function of the our body' unit in 5th grade. The STEAM program was developed for a total of 9 sessions and was applied to the experimental group. The theoretical lesson of the 2009 revised curriculum was consisted of 11 sessions and was applied to the comparative group. The results of study showed significant differences of the students' academic achievement, creative problem-solving ability to the experimental group participating in the STEAM program and also showed significant effects in the domains of subject contents and teacher preference, which are the areas of scientific interests compared to the comparative group. This means that the STEAM program to utilize animation production about 'structure and function of the our body' developed in consideration of the characteristics of elementary students positively influenced the academic achievement, creative problem-solving ability and scientific interests of elementary school students. In the future we need to develop STEAM programs more variously that utilize animation production and that it needs to be applied to elementary schools.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.234-243
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of the SW-STEAM program by utilizing ozobot coding for elementary science class. The developed SW-STEAM program was applied to $5^{th}$ grade students of S elementary school located in B city. The participants were divided into an experimental group which is consisted of 22 students and a comparative group comprised 22 students. And they were engaged in different teaching and learning methods during 11 class hours. The experimental group participated in the SW-STEAM program, the comparative group was taught by using a traditional instruction. The main results of this study are like followings. The SW-STEAM program had a positive effect on elementary school students' basic science process skill, science learning motive, science achievement. Therefore, the SW-STEAM program by utilizing ozobot coding could be meaningful works to encourage students' basic science process skill, science learning motive and science achievement, and more studies on developing SW-STEAM program are needed.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.230-237
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• 2021

Functional constipation is common in the paediatric population all over the world. Effective disimpaction to evacuate the impacted faecal matter forms an essential initial step in the management of constipation. Though different regimens of polyethylene glycol 3350 with electrolytes (PEG+E) are accepted as the prime medication for disimpaction, response is not always satisfactory. A randomised prospective study was undertaken, in a tertiary paediatric Gastroenterology centre to find out the outcome of a 2-day disimpaction when a stimulant laxative sodium picosulphate was added to PEG3350+E (PEG+E+PS group) and comparing it with the outcome using PEG3350+E (PEG+E group) alone. Hundred and one children were randomised into two groups to receive PEG+E+PS and PEG+E. Results revealed that PEG+E+PS group proved significantly superior to PEG+E group in most of the efficacy-parameters in terms of disimpaction as well as long-term management of constipation. Though stimulant laxatives are being used for disimpaction, comparative data are lacking. This was the 1st such comparative study looking at the efficacy of these two processes of disimpaction along with long term effect on treatment.