• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.233-238
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• 2000

To obtain a basic information of the development of Genus Viola, morphological and histological observation of in vitro calli and cells in Viola culture cells were investigated. There were two callus types obtained by long term subculture of wild viola (Viola partrinii DC. ) petiole callus. One was friable callus - soft and pale green in color and small cells in size, and the other was compact callus - compact and deep bluish green in color, large cells in size. In scanning electron microscopic observation, friable callus was composed of voculated cell around small. cell clump, while compact callus was composed of cells filled with protoplasm Somatic embryogenesis was observed from suspension culture of the compact callus.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.181-184
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• 2000

Proteins in friable and compact calli of Viola patrinii DC. were analysed. The protein contents in friable calli were lower than those in compact calli. In suspension culture, it increased to the maximum after 3 weeks culture from inoculation and decreased after 4 weeks culture. Several strong lavel signals were detected with the SDS-PAGE analysis. The polypeptides of 28, 31 and 35 KD were observed from the friable cell culture, from the compact cell culture strong band of 30 KD was determined, indicating that these polypeptides may be the major protein occurring during their cultures. Changes in amino acid contents during culture of the viola suspension cells were investigated the amino acid contents were greatest between two and three weeks culture of the viola suspension cells.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 1994

Cotyledonary and hypocotyl explants of melon seedlings were cultured on Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium supplemented with various concentrations of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and benzyladenine (B.A).Up to 22% of cotyledonary explants and 7%, of hypocotyl explants, respectively: Produced somatic embryos through intervening two types of calli: bright yellow compact (BYC) callus and pale-yellow compact (PYC) callus. BYC callus was capable of producing somatic embryos at initial culture, but it became necrotic as subrulhues proceeded. In contrast UC callus was incapable of producing somatic embryos during initial culture (first 6 weeks), but it became bright-yellow friable (BYF) callus with forming a few globular embryos after 2 months of subculture, indicating that the callus turned embryogenic. The embryogenic capacity of BYF maintained for over one year when the callus was sucultured at 4-week interval. Upon transfer onto MS basal medium the callus gave rise to numerous somatic embryos and subsequently converted to plantlets. Plantlets were transplanted to potting soil and grown to maturity in the phyotron.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.124-128
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• 1989

This experiment was conducted to determine factors affecting callus induction of Vernal alfalfa. Growth regulators, basal medium, medium pH, explant age, and agar concentration for callus induction were investigated. The results obtained were as follows: For the callus induction, 2-5 mg/l 2,4-D alone was found to be most effective on callus induction. Cytokinins did not have positive effect on the callus induction, and even the more cytokinin added induced the less callus. Callus yield was much higher in B5 or SH medium than in any other media. The calli induced in PC and MS media were more friable than those induced in other media. The medium pH of 5.8 gave the best response of callus induction. At higher than pH 7.0, callus induction was inhibited severely. The effective seedling age for callus induction was around 9 days. In agar concentration, 0.5 % (W/V) was suitable for callus induction and it was severely depressed at above 1 %. Callus induction was not influenced by day length or illumination. Calli cultured under 1618 hour lightldark cycle became more compact and green than those cultured under the dark.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.21-25
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• 2006

Phragmites australis (reed) has received much attention as being one of the principle emergent aquatic plants for treating industrial and civil wastewater. Plant regeneration via plant tissue culture in p. australis was investigated. Three types of callus were identified from seeds on N6 medium plus 4.5 UM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Yellow compact type showed the best redifferentiation, whereas white compact type and yellow friable were not competent to differentiate into plane. Solid medium culture was better than liquid suspension culture for enhancing callus growth when N6 medium supplemented with 4.5 ${\mu}M$ 2,4-D was used. Phytagel, as a gelling agent, was superior to agar in plant regeneration on N6 medium, supplemented with 9.4 ${\mu}M$ kinetin and 0.54 ${\mu}M$ $\alpha$-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Transfer of the plantlets regenerated from kinetin and NAA-supplemented N6 medium to growth regulator-free MS medium enhanced the further development of the plantlets. Plantlets on subsequently grown to maturity when tansferred to potting soil. The regenerated plants exhibited morphologically normal. The system for plant regeneration of P. australis enables to propagate elite lines on a large scale for water purification in the ecosystem

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.605-608
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• 2021

Lily is one of the most important 5 cut flowers in international flower market and lilies are distributed in Asia, Eurasia and North America. To develop a new lily cultivar, in addition to hybridization, mutation and selection methods, biotechnological techniques including tissue culture are also required. Establishment of tissue culture system is one of the requirement for the breeding program in Lily. Among many fields of plant tissue culture, establishment of regeneration system via embryogenic calluses are studied in many crops. In this study, research was carried out to decide the proper concentration of picloram which is used for the induction of embryogenic calluses. As a result, 3 different types of callused were observed after 3-4 weeks. They were CEC (compact embryogenic callus), FEC (friable embryogenic callus) and white callus type. 1.0 mg /l of picloram showed the best result for the production of embryogenic callus, however, due to its higher rate of browning in this concentration, 0.75 mg/l of picloram was selected as a proper concentration of picloram for the induction of CEC and FEC in Lily. These results can be contributed to the establishment of both regeneration system and mass propagation in lily in the future.

• The Journal of Natural Sciences
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.147-152
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• 1996

The 2,4-D + BA combination in MS medium showed high regenerating ability and induced compact callus from leaf and petiole segments of three strawberry cultivars, 'Bokyo', 'Suhong', whereas the NAA + BA combination resulted in friable callus. Band of RAPD products obtained with primer 212 from the callus was different from the band of mother plant when callus induced from leaf segment of 'Suhong' cultivar was maintained in MS medium containing NAA or BA for 8 months. The RAPD bands obtained from mother plants of 'Bokyo' and 'Yeobong' were different from that of callus maintained in the presence of MS liquid medium containing 2,4-D(0.2 mg/$\ell$) subcultured every two weeks for 6 months(12 subcultures).

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.160-167
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• 2003

In order to investigate the effects of developmental stage of embryos and plant growth regulators on mass production of Zantedeschia spp. Southern Light, immature zygotic embryos of Zantedeschia spp. Southern Light were cultured on Murashige and Skoog(1962) basal media or containing 2,4-D, NAA and BA. Globular embryos did not grow on any of the 2,4-D, NAA and BA combinations. The most suitable stage of immature zygotic embryo culture on the induction callus and multiple shoot was at early cotyledonary embryo stage, and at this stage of embryos were germinated up to 87.5%. The whitish watery callus and yellowish compact nodular callus produced on all 2,4-D, NAA and BA media. The best combination for inducing embryogenic callus was 0.5 mgL NAA and 1.0 mg/L BA. Whitish watery calli have been subcultured for more than 8 months and have retained their producing ability, Plant regeneration was only obtained by direct shoot development and yellowish compact nodular calli. Abundant plantlets were regenerated from cotyledonary stage of embryo culture on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L NAA and 1.0 mg/L BA. Supplementation of the media with 10％ coconut water showed as the best concentration for plant differentiation from direct developed of shoots. The number of regenerated plants from one embryo could be seperated 25-35s plantlets. All yellowish compact callus-derived plantlets were transferred to pots containing a mixture of vermiculite, perlite and sand(1:1;1 v/v) and 100% of divided plantlets were phenotypically normal.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.537-541
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• 1994

This study was conducted to investigate the possibility of callus induction and plant regeneration from immature inflorescence, stem and petiole of A. koreana MAX. which is worth enough to be used as food and medicine. The callus induction and its proliferation was best when immature inflorescence segments were placed on MS medium supplemented with 2, 4-D 2mg / l. The white and compact embryogenic callus on the surface of dark yellow and soft callus which was induced from immature inflorescence segments came into being only on MS medium with 2, 4-D 1mg /l and 2mg /l, but didn't come into being on the other ones. The shoot came into being effectively from callus derived from immature inflorescence on MS medium mixed 2, 4-D 0. 1mg /l with Kinetin 1mg /l, and 2, 4-D 0.5mg /1 with Kinetin 2mg /l. Immature inflorescence was most appropriate material for callus induction and plant regeneration.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.21-21
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• 2003

An efficient plant regeneration system was developed for Hordeum vulgare L. cv Baegdong - an important Korean cultivar. The protocol was based on a series of experiments involving the sizes of mature embryos and the culture media. The embryo size is found to be critical for the establishment of embryogenic callus. Embryos of 1.1-1.5 mm size showed a much higher ability to produce embryogenic callus capable of regenerating green plants. The auxins picloram and dicamba proved effective in inducing callus from mature embryos. 2.5 mg $I^{-1}$ dicamba and 4.0 mg $I^{-1}$ picloram in Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium was optimum for the induction of primary callus. The induced primary callus was loose and friable which ultimately developed into creamy white and compact callus after transferring into the fresh medium. Multiple shoots were induced in the MS medium supplemented with 6.0 g $I^{-1}$ maltose, 20 mg $I^{-1}$ sorbitol, 0.5 mg $I^{-1}$ 2,4-D and 1.0 mg $I^{-1}$ kinetin and the rate was 6.5 shoots per embryo. Regenerated plants were hardy and developed roots rapidly in the medium containing 0.2 $I^{-1}$ IBA. This efficient plant regeneration system provides a foundation for generating transgenic plants of this important barley cultivar.