• 제목/요약/키워드: combined type

검색결과 2,289건 처리시간 0.026초

내압과 굽힘의 복합하중에서 내부 감육배관의 손상기준 (Criterion for Failure of Internally Wall Thinned Pipe Under a Combined Pressure and Bending Moment)

  • 김진원;박치용
    • 한국안전학회지
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    • 제17권4호
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    • pp.52-60
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    • 2002
  • Failure criterion is a parameter to represent the resistance to failure of locally wall thinned pipe, and it depends on material characteristics, defect geometry, applied loading type, and failure mode. Therefore, accurate prediction of integrity of wall thinned pipe requires a failure criterion adequately reflected the characteristics of defect shape and loading in the piping system. In the present study, the finite element analysis was performed and the results were compared with those of pipe experiment to develop a sound criterion for failure of internally wall thinned pipe subjected to combined pressure and bending loads. By comparing the predictions of failure to actual failure load and displacement, an appropriate criterion was investigated. From this investigation, it is concluded that true ultimate stress criterion is the most accurate to predict failure of wall thinned pipe under combined loads, but it is not conservative under some conditions. Engineering ultimate stress estimates the failure load and displacement reasonably for al conditions, although the predictions are less accurate compared with the results predicted by true ultimate stress criterion.

전자석 바이어스 Diskless반경방향-축방향 일체형 자기 베어링 해석 (Analysis of an Electromagnet Biased Diskless Integrated Radial and Axial Magnetic Bearing)

  • 나언주
    • 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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    • 제22권10호
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    • pp.959-967
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    • 2012
  • The theory for a new electromagnetically biased diskless combined radial and axial magnetic bearing is developed. A typical magnetic bearing system is composed of two radial magnetic bearings and an axial magnetic bearing. The axial magnetic bearing with a large axial disk usually limits rotor dynamic performance and makes assembling and disassembling difficult for maintenance work. This paper proposes a novel electromagnet biased integrated radial-axial magnetic bearing without axial disk. This integrated magnetic bearing uses two axial coils to provide the bias flux to the radial and axial air gaps of the combined bearing. The axial magnetic bearing unit in this combined magnetic bearing utilizes reluctance forces developed in the non-uniform air gaps such that the axial disk can be removed from the bearing unit. The 4-pole homopolar type radial magnetic bearing unit is also designed and analyzed. Three dimensional finite element model for the bearing is also developed and analyzed to illustrate the diskless combined magnetic bearing.

Effect of Bridge Exercise Combined with Functional Electrical Stimulation on Trunk Muscle Activity and Balance in Stroke Patients

  • Kang, Jeongil;Jeong, Daekeun;Heo, Sinhaeng
    • 국제물리치료학회지
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    • 제12권2호
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    • pp.2323-2330
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    • 2021
  • Background: Stroke patients have weak trunk muscle strength due to brain injury, so a single type of exercise is advised for restoring functionality. However, even after intervention, the problem still lies and it is suggested that another intervention method should be applied with exercise in order to deal with such problem. Objectives: To Investigate the effect of bridge exercise combined with functional electrical stimulation (FES) on trunk muscle activity and balance in stroke patients. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: From July to August 2020, twenty stroke patients was sampled, ten patients who mediated bridge exercises combined with functional electrical stimulation were assigned to experiment group I, and ten patients who mediated general bridge exercises were assigned to experiment groupII. For the pre-test, using surface EMG were measured paralyzed rectus abdominis, erector spinae, transverse abdominis/internal oblique muscle activity, and using trunk impairment scale were measured balance. In order to find out immediate effect after intervention, post-test was measured immediately same way pre-test. Results: Change in balance didn't show significant difference within and between groups, but muscle activity of trunk was significant difference rectus abdominis and erector spinae within groups I (P<.01), also between groups was significant difference (P<.05). Conclusion: Bridge exercise combined with FES could improve trunk function more effectively than general bridge exercise due to physiological effect of functional electrical stimulation.

도정수율(搗精收率)과 성능향상(性能向上)을 위(爲)한 연구(硏究)(V) -분풍(噴風) 연삭식(硏削式) 정미기(精米機)의 정백성능(精白性能)에 관(關)한 실험적(實驗的) 연구(硏究)- (Study on the Improvement of Milling Recovery and Performance (V) -Experimental Study on Rice Whitening Performance of Jet-air Abrasive-Type Whitener -)

  • 이성범;정창주;노상하
    • Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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    • 제8권1호
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    • pp.17-29
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    • 1983
  • The milling process is considered as causing one of the greatest grain losses among all the processes in rice post-production. Major source of grain losses in the rice milling is considered as the whitening process. This study was attempted to develop an abrasive-type whitener, the whitening chamber of which being supplied by jet-air evenly and continuously. To investigate the milling performance by the new whitener, three kind of emery-stone grit(#36, #41, and #46), and three levels of rotational speed of emery stone roller (950, 1070, and 1200 rpm) were tested. The jet-air abrasive-type whitener was also compared with the conventional abrasive-type having no jet-air blower in terms of their milling performance. In addition, the effect of different combinations of sequential uses of the abrasive- and friction-type whiteners on the milling performance was also experimentally evaluated. The results of this study are summarized as follows; 1. In general, the whitening system combined with the abrasive type whitener with jet-air supply, which was newly designed, and the existing jet-air friction type whiteners produces more milled- and head-rice by about 0.3% points and 2.8% points, respectively than the system combined with the existing abrasive type without the jet-air supply under the same operational conditions. The former also consumed less electricity by 0.024 KwH per 100kg of milled rice production and gave more milling capacity by about 35 kg/hr. As compared with the conventional whitening system consisting of jet-air friction type whiteners only, the former yielded more milled- and head-rice by 1.5% points and 4.4% points, respectively. 2. The abrasive roller having 46 grit emery was better than the roller having 36 grit in aspects of milling performance and machine efficiency, in general. 3. With regard to the effect of combination method of abrasive type and friction type whiteners, one pass in abrasive type plus three passes in friction type gave better milling performance and energy efficiency than the two passes in abrasive type plus two passes in friction type regardless of the designs of the emery stone rollers. 4. The increase in rotational speed of the emery stone roller from 950 rpm to 1200 rpm presented negative effects on milled and head-rice yields and machine efficiency, but slightly positive effect on milling capacity.

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제왕절개술환자의 임상적 고찰 (Clinical Analysis of Cesarean Sections)

  • 오나미혜
    • 대한간호학회지
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    • 제5권2호
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    • pp.23-28
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    • 1975
  • One hundred and fifty seven cesarean sectioned patients among 2010 deliveries, were reviewed with the following clinical charts from January, 1973 to December, 1974 at Taegu Presby-terian medical Center. The results are as follows; 1) The section rate was 7.8% 2) In age distribution, the most frequent age was 26~30ys and it~s rate was 37%, and others were as follows : 31~35ys 24.2%, 21~25ys 21%, 36~40ys 10.8%, 41~45ys 7% respective]y- 3) In indication, the cephalopelvic disproportion was the most prevalent and it's rate was 29.3%, and others were as follows : malpresentation 14% previous cesarean section 10.8% uttering dysfunction 9.6%, totemic 4%, elderly primigravida 4%, fetal distress 2.5% post maturity 3.2%, wanted cesarean section 1, 9%, pelvic deformity 1.2% twin 1.9%, abruptio placenta 1.2%, Vaginal stricture 1.2%, and others 2.5%. 4) In type of operation, tower cervical transverse type was 82.1%, classical type 17%, ana cesarean hysterectomy was 0.9% respectively. 5) General Anesthesia was major type and it's rate was 63%, and spinal anesthesia 17.2%, epidermal anesthesia 14% and other combined type was 5.8%. 6) Percental mortality was 11.4%. 7) There was no maternal death. 8) Among the cesarean section complications, wound infection was 8,4%, headache 4.4%, urinary tract infection 1.2% and one case in endometritis. 9) In combined surgery, tubal legation was 31.2%, appenectomy 7.6%, posterior repair 1.2%, salpingoop-horectomy 1.9%, and one case in resection of uttering septum. 10) Cesarean section was performed 61.3% in multipara and 38.2% in primipara. 11) 47 (30%) had received artificial abortions. 12) 28 (17.8%) had previously experienced cesarean section.

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캡슐형 백금저항온도계 국제비교를 위한 네온, 산소, 아르곤, 수은 및 물의 삼중점 실현 (Realization of Triple Point of Ne, $O_2$, Ar, Hg and $H_2O$ for International Comparison of Capsule-type Platinum Resistance Thermometer)

  • 강기훈;김용규;감기술
    • 센서학회지
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    • 제9권3호
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    • pp.153-162
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    • 2000
  • 평형수소 삼중점 (13.8033 K)부터 물의 삼중점 (273.16 K) 온도영역에서 표준온도계로 사용되는 캡슐형 백금저항온도계를 일차 교정하려면 고순도 물질의 삼중점이 사용된다. 국제온도눈금-1990 (ITS-90)을 확립하기 위해 평형수소, 네온, 산소, 아르곤, 수은 및 물의 삼중점 중에서 평형수소의 삼중점을 제외한 5 개의 삼중점을 실현하였다. 각각의 삼중점에서 국제비교용으로 채택된 캡슐형 백금저항온도계 2대의 저항을 2회 반복하여 측정하였다. 측정된 삼중점에서의 합성표준불확도는 A형 불확도와 B형 불확도 평가방법을 고려하여 산출하였다. 한국표준과학연구원에서 ITS-90에 정의된 네온, 산소, 아르곤, 수은 및 물의 삼중점에서의 합성표준불확도 추정결과는 각각 0.18 mK, 0.14 mK, 0.14 mK, 0.24 mK 및 0.11 mK 이었다.

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갑상선 수술 시의 성대마비의 처치 (Management of Vocal Cord Palsy during Thyroid Surgery)

  • 최홍식;김세헌;박국진;김광문;홍원표
    • 대한두경부종양학회지
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    • 제14권1호
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    • pp.27-34
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    • 1998
  • Objectives, Materials & Methods: To prevent deterioration of postoperative voice due to iatrogenic transection of the recurrent laryngeal nerve during the thyroid surgery, intraoperative medialization of the membranous vocal cord by type I thyroplasty together with direct epineurial neurorraphy was done on 2 cases of benign thyroid lesion. To improve the quality of voice together with complete removal of advanced thyroid carcinoma, intraoperative vocal cord medialization on the lesion side together with total thyroidectomy was done by type I thyroplasty in 2 cases and combined procedure by arytenoid adduction and type I thyroplasty in another 2 cases. Results: The resultant voice of the iatrogenic injury cases was relatively tolerable. The voice of the combined procedure was better than that of type I thyroplasty cases for the intraoperative rehabilitation cases. Not only for the preoperative evaluation of the severity of the nerve lesion but also the prognosis will be expected by use of laryngeal EMG in the cases of thyroid cacer with vocal cord palsy. Conclusion: Intraoperative simultaneous rehabilitation for the vocal cord palsy during thyroid surgery is beneficial for the patients.

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무용기반 저강도 복합운동요법이 당뇨노인의 생리적 지표에 미치는 효과 (Physiological Index of the Elderly with Diabetes According to Dance Based Low Intensity Combined Kinesitherapy)

  • 김수진
    • 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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    • 제18권5호
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    • pp.683-694
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    • 2018
  • 본 연구는 제2형 당뇨병에 있어서 저강도의 복합적 운동요법을 시행하는 것이 효과적이라는 점과 무용-동작활동이 갖는 방법론적 측면의 유용성에 관한 이론적 근거 하에, 사전 동질성 검증을 거친 노인 당뇨환자에게 12주간 무용-동작활동과 저강도 복합운동을 처방한 실험군(병행군)과 저강도 복합운동만을 처방한 대조군(운동군)의 공복혈당 및 혈중지질의 사후검사 점수의 차이를 독립표본 t-test로 분석하였다. 연구의 주요 결과를 정리하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 공복시 혈당은 집단별 사전-사후 차이에서 실험군의 차이가 대조군보다 큰 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 총 콜레스테롤은 집단별 사전-사후 차이에서 실험군이 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 중성지방은 집단별 사전-사후 차이에서 실험군과 대조군 모두 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 고밀도 지단백 콜레스테롤은 집단별 사전-사후 차이에서 실험군과 대조군 모두 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 다섯째, 저밀도지단백콜레스테롤은 집단별 사전-사후 차이에서 실험군이 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 결국 본 연구는 기존에 다루지 못한 제 2형 당뇨노인에 있어서 무용-동작활동과 저강도 복합운동의 병행 효과를 생리적 지표를 이용하여 정량적으로 입증하였다는데 의의가 있다.

리플로우 솔더링 공정 조건에 따른 Sn-Bi-Ag와 Sn-Ag-Cu 복합 무연 솔더 접합부 특성 연구 (A Study on Properties of Pb-free Solder Joints Combined Sn-Bi-Ag with Sn-Ag-Cu by Conditions of Reflow Soldering Processes)

  • 김자현;천경영;김동진;박영배;고용호
    • 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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    • 제29권3호
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    • pp.55-61
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    • 2022
  • 본 연구에서는 용융온도가 중온계 무연 솔더인 Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu(SAC305)와 저온계 무연 솔더인 Sn-57Bi-1Ag를 사용하여 형성된 복합 무연 솔더 접합부의 특성에 대하여 보고 하였다. SAC305 솔더볼이 형성된 ball grid array(BGA) 패키지와 Sn-57Bi-1Ag 솔더 페이스트가 도포된 flame retardant-4(FR-4) 인쇄회로기판(printed circuit board, PCB)을 리플로우 솔더링 공정을 이용하여 복합 무연 솔더 접합부를 형성 하였다. 공정 온도 프로파일을 두 가지 형태로 달리하여 리플로우 솔더링 공정을 진행하였으며 리플로우 솔더링 공정 조건에 따른 계면 반응, 금속간화합물(intermetallic compound, IMC)의 형성, Bi의 확산 거동 등 복합 무연 솔더 접합부 계면 특성을 비교 분석 하였다. 또한, 열 충격 시험을 통하여 리플로우 솔더링 공정에 따른 복합 무연 솔더 접합부의 신뢰성 특성을 비교하고 열 충격 시험 전후 전단 시험을 진행하여 접합부의 기계적 특성 변화를 분석하였다.

Research on the Influence of Curiosity on MMORPG Grinding Player Experience

  • Yang, Dan;Cho, Dong-Min
    • Journal of Multimedia Information System
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    • 제9권2호
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    • pp.127-136
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    • 2022
  • In MMORPGs, there are many problems with the Grinding player experience. This research divides the Grinding player experience into four dimensions: Grinding in-Autonomy, Competence, Relatedness and Positive affect through theoretical investigation of game experience. Through the study of Litman (2008), Curiosity is divided into two dimensions, I-Type Curiosity and D-Type Curiosity, and the relationship between Curiosity and Grinding player experience is studied. By distributing questionnaires, collecting data, and using SPSS software to conduct reliability analysis, validity analysis, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis on the data, it is verified that in MMORPG, I-Type Curiosity can positively affect Grinding in-Autonomy, Competence, Relatedness and Positive affect. D-Type Curiosity can positively affect Grinding in-Autonomy, Competence and Positive affect, but D-Type Curiosity has no statistical relationship with Grinding in-Relatedness. And through the standardized coefficient (Beta) value, between the Curiosity factors, I-Type Curiosity has a greater impact on Grinding in-Autonomy and Positive affect, and D-Type Curiosity has a greater impact on Grinding in-Competence. Finally, from the perspective of I-Type Curiosity and D-Type Curiosity, combined with the drawbacks of the MMORPG Gringding mechanism, some concrete and feasible suggestions and optimization schemes are put forward to improve the Grinding player experience. This research result can provide some feasible suggestions for MMORPG developers and designers, optimize the MMORPG Grinding mechanism from the perspective of I-Type Curiosity and D-Type Curiosity, and improve the Grinding player experience. It can provide appropriate assistance for the improved development of MMORPG games.