• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.107-110
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• 1997

To examine the effects of residual phosphorus content on color reversion and storage stability of corn germ oil, the changes of Lovibond total color and stability of oxidation were determined according to the different storage periods at room and incubating temperature, respectively. The residual phosphorus content and storage temperature had the synergistic effect on color reversion during short time storage. The extent of color change was the greatest when oils were stored for 1.0∼1.5 years at room temperature and thereafter gradually tended to reverse color reversion. It is supposed that the double bonds of carotenoids in oils were oxidized and then turned to the volatiles such as epoxide, ionone, and etc. In contrast, the residual phosphorus content increased oxidation stability of oils. The residual phosphorus content was closely correlated with the color reversion and storage stability, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.355-360
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• 2002

Effect of additive on color reversion of green tea extract, whose undesirable color had been removed by irradiation, was studied during storage. Hunter color L-vague of irradiated sample was significantly higher than that of nonirradiated control. The color of green tea extract with butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) did not differ from that of the control but the green tea extract with ascorbic acid had higher L-value than the control during the whole storage (p<0.05), However, the sample irradiated at 20 kGy showed a faster color reversion than the sample with 5 or 10 kGy of irradiation. Hunter color a-values were decreased by irradiation and the sample with ascorbic acid showed the lowest. The result of Hunter color b-value was also similar to that of Hunter color a-value, indicating that when the irradiation technology is used for color improvement of green tea extract, the ascorbic acid can be added to minimize color reversion of the extract during delivery or storage.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.485-490
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• 2004

Crude corn oil (CCO) was obtained through the expression-extraction process from corn germ. The CCOs of final process at $90^{\circ}C,\;70^{\circ}C\;and\;50^{\circ}C$ were stored in outdoor storage tanks. From the samples, refined CCO (RCCO) were prepared with $0\%,\;10\%\;and\;20\%$ excessive of phosphoric acid, caustic solution and acidic clay were used in degumming-alkali refining-bleaching process. RCCOs were stored at room temperature in dark places. The color change was not effected by the amount of phosphoric acid, caustic solution and acidic clay, but temperature of process affects the color change. Finally, the prevention for color reversion of RCCO could be obtained by lowering the temperature of final process and optimal temperature of RCCO in summer was found about less than $50^{\circ}C$.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.185-190
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• 2003

Gamma irradiation was used as part of a new processing method to produce a brighter-colored and mild-flavored green tea leaf extract that retained all of its physiological activities. Dried green tea leaf was extracted with 70% ethanol and gamma irradiated at 0,5, 10, 20 kGy. Hunter color $L^{*}$- and $a^{*}$-values were increased with irradiation in a dose-dependent manner, which was a color range from dark brown to bright yellow. However, the irradiation effect gradually disappeared during 3 weeks of storage, with color reverting to that of untreated samples. There was no difference in the radical scavenging and tyrosinase inhibition effect by irradiation. Among antioxidants used, ascorbic acid was the most effective against color reversion. In contrast, cysteine was shown to protect the effect of color change with irradiation. Results indicated that enhanced color of irradiated green tea leaf extract can be effectively controlled by additives such as ascorbic acid and a low storage temperature.e.e.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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• 2006.06b
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• pp.337-347
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• 2006

Papers made from unbleached and bleached bagasse chemimechanical pulp were chemically modified by acetylation. The effects of irradiation on unbleached and bleached also reduced papers of bagasse chemimechanical pulp before and after acetylation were investigated in this study. Chemimechanical pulp was prepared from bagasse and then bleached with hydrogen peroxide. Unbleached and hydrogen bleached pulps were reduced by Sodium borohydride in different procedures. Paper sheets were prepared from pulps and then acetylated using a technical grade of acetic anhydride. Accelerated photo-aging was run on the samples using fluorescent lamps to verify photo-stability of paper sheets before and after pretreatments. Brightness reversion (as Post-color number) and other optical properties of the paper sheets were measured. Efficient inhibition of photo-yellowing of papers made from bagasse CMP was achieved by acetylation. The acetylated unbleached CMP was noticeably photo-bleached during irradiation. Sodium borohydride reduction followed by acetylation had the same effect as acetylation alone at the same degree of reaction time and reductive treatment did not affect the yellowing rate to any great extent. The pre-reduced, acetylated unbleached papers were, however, not brightened during irradiation. Calculation done by Kubelka-Munk equation showed that reductive treatment had little effect in reducing the photo-yellowing of paper made from CMP pulp; a small stabilization effect was observed in the case of bleached CMP, while unbleached CMP was slightly more prone to discolor in the later phase of photo-reversion. The improved stability towards light may was closely related to the decrease in the phenolic hydroxyl content as a result of blocking by acetyl groups during treatment with acetic anhydride. The results support the hypothesis that phenolic hydroxyl has an important role in the process of photo-reversion of high-yield pulps. The results obtained in this study demonstrate that the acetylation of paper manufactured from peroxide bleached Bagasse CMP significantly retards light-induced discoloration. The inhibition of yellowing is connected with a decrease in the phenolic hydroxyl content of both unbleached and peroxide bleached papers.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.254-261
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• 2012

To reduce the injury by continuous cropping of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.), the farmer's plant and virus-free plant were cultivated with the density of $70{\times}25cm$ (June 10, 2011) in continuous cropping soil (CCS) and subsoiling reversion soil (SRS). Fertilizer was applied at the rates of 55-63-156 $kg\;ha^{-1}$ ($N-P_2O_5-K_2O$) and 10 $ton\;ha^{-1}$ of cattle manure in CCS, and it was applied the 50% increased cattle manure compost and nitrogen in DRS. Symptoms of viral infection were revealed in the farmer's plant at 30 days after planting, but there were no symptoms in virus-free plant. The yield of virus-free plant was more increased 15% and 10.5% than that of farmer's plant in DRS and CCS, respectively. The yield of sweetpotato in SRS was more increased 8.8% and 3.2% in farmer's plant and virus-free plant compared to CCS, respectively. In DRS, the rate of marketable tuber of virus-free plant was increased by 80% compared to the farmer's plant (60.1%). The virus-free plant was produced the tuber with more brilliant peel color and well-formed shape compared to the farmer's plant. The increased yield of virus-free plant and in SRS soil condition showed a positive relationship (p=0.05) with the number of leaf per plant at 30 days and the number of branch per plant at 120 days after planting. The results showed that the early growth after planting was very important for the development of storage root. Therefore, the deep-subsoil reversion and cultivation of virus-free plant could be reduced the injury by continuous cropping of sweet potato, and increased farm income.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.808-812
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• 2007

Seasoning oils(SO) were manufactured by direct fire method(DFM) and autoclaving method(AM) using sunflower seed meal. The SO manufactured by DFM is stronger than that by AM for Lovibond color and flavor strength. The flavor strength of 2 kinds SOs were lower than sesame oil as a control group. But acid value of SOs were superior than sesame oil, 0.452, 0.463 and 1.987, respectively. The level of Lovibond color for 2 kinds of sample seasoning oil was similar. Composition and contents of total volatile flavor components were determined from their essential oils of sesame oil and 2 kinds sample seasoning oils. As a result, total volatile flavor contents of sesame oil was 1,300.6 ppm, and that of seasoning oil samples were 697.8 ppm, 648.2 ppm, respectively. Major volatile flavor components of seasoning oil were 2-butanone, hexanal, methyl pyrazine etc. In contrast, major volatile flavor component of sesame oil was pyrazines, but that was not a major component of 2 kinds of sample seasoning oils.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.107-125
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• 2007

In human history, scarf has acted not only as a protection for body but also as a symbolization of class. Today, scarf has become a whole field in fashion and an important accessory to express individuality in fashion. Hence, like other fashion item, it is very important to develop exclusive design for scarf by analyzing the current fashion trend. In this research, we have designed a scarf textile, accordance with the contemporary design trend, applying the floral pattern, designed by William Morris who was an artist considered as the founder of the 1800s arts and crafts movement. We selected four trend themes, "Salon de Archives", "Eco Tech", "Profound Nature", and "Neo Aristo" for the design of 2007/2008 Fall/Winter. The flower motifs in Pimpernel Wallpaper, Honeysuckle textile design, Acanthus Wallpaper, Garden tulip wallpaper, Evenlode printed cotton, Trellis Wallpaper, and Chrysanthemum Wallpaper, by William Morris who expressed an image of environment friendly and nature reversion, applied to develop new creative scarf through design after modifying and rearranging these flower patterns. After the pattern was drawn by hand, adjusting of color and repeating of the design was done with DTP (Digital Textile Printing). Through this research, the researchers hopes to be of assistance to the development of national scarf brand design, and to the recapturing of textile industry that once played a important role in Koreans economic development.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.194-204
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• 1999

The use of genetically cloned xylanase acquired from Bacillus strearthermophillus improves bleachability for oak kraft pulps. Combination of xylanase(X). oxygen(O), ozone(Z). peroxide(P), alkaline extraction(Eo. Eop), and chlorination(C/D, D) have been tested in a variety of bleaching sequences. The effectiveness of xylanase pre-treatment(XO) and post-treatment(OX) in oxygen bleaching is mainly compared. With xylanase treatment the brightness increase by 1.5-2.1% ISO in OZEP, OZEoP, OZEopP and OPZP sequences. There is only numerically difference of brightness gains between OX and XO sequences. With xylanase treatment chemical requirements for bleaching decrease by 42.6-48.6% in OC/DEoD sequence and 47.9-54.7% as active chlorine in OC/DEopD sequence at the same brightness. the reduction of bleaching chemicals is higher in XO sequence than those in OX sequence. Following xylanase treatment the viscosity increases from 11.7-12.0 mPa·s to 12.4-13.5 mPa·s and the brightness stability is considerably improved however the difference of effectiveness between XO and OX sequence is not present. Compared to tensile index vs tear index, the physical properties are similar for TCF bleaching sequences with and without xylanase treatments. However in OC/DEoD and OC/DEopD sequences the physical properties decrease with xylanase treatment. There is no difference in the physical properties between XO and OX sequences. COD, BOD and color of bleaching effluents increase slightly with xylanase treatment, however the discharge of COD end-load into environmental impact decrease.