• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.238-245
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• 2008

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Interpoximal papilla could be re-established without immeidate support with a provisional resotration following an immdiate implant placement. PURPOSE: Successful esthetic outcomes were reported utilizing immediate provisionalization following immediate implant placements. The aim of this study was to evaluate the soft tissue esthetics around immediately placed single tooth implant restorations with or without immediate provisional restorations. METHODS: A total of ten patients, who had a hopeless maxillary anterior tooth, were enrolled in this study. Screw retained provisional restorations were delivered to the randomly chosen 5 patients (immediate provisionalization group) on the day of immediate implant placement and maintained for about 5 months. For the remaining five patients (non-immediate provisionalization group), healing abutments were delivered on the day of surgery, replaced with screw retained provisional restorations approximately 3 months afterwards, and the provisional restorations were maintained for about 3 months. Digital photographs were taken at the delivery of final restorations in order to assess following variables; mesial papilla, distal papilla, soft tissue level, soft tissue contour and facial soft tissue prominence. The variables were compared to those of the contralateral natural tooth and scored by prosthodontists, periodontists, orthodontists and dental students. RESULTS: The immediate provisionalization group marked significantly higher scores on the following variables; soft tissue level and facial soft tissue prominence. In evaluating each variable, there were no notable differences in opinion between four dentist groups. CONCLUSION: Immediate provisionalization can be a treatment option to achieve superior soft tissue esthetics around immediately placed single implant restorations rather than non-immediate provisionalization approaches.

• 의학교육논단
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.258-272
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• 2023

This study investigated the current status and educational needs of global health education (GHE) at medical schools in Korea. Among the 40 medical schools nationwide, 32 schools that agreed to participate in the study collected data through a survey in 2022, and the results were examined by frequency analysis and content analysis. In total, 87.5% of medical schools included global health-related graduation outcomes. In the curriculum, global health lessons within courses were present at 71.9% of medical schools. Regarding extracurricular activities, 66.7% and 63.0% of medical schools offered overseas clerkships and overseas volunteer work, respectively. Although there were not many medical schools with a global health-related educational environment, 96.9% of schools agreed with the necessity of GHE in medical education. The prevailing opinion was that it was appropriate to continuously cover GHE as lessons within courses throughout all years of the program in medical education. The main opinions regarding the improvement of GHE related to curriculum development, personnel expansion, and awareness improvement at medical schools. These findings are expected to serve as a basis for identifying the current status of GHE at Korean medical schools and specifying future directions of GHE.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.1224-1230
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• 2014

트위터(Twitter)는 상대방의 트윗(tweet)에 대해 리트윗(retweet) 또는 응답(reply)하는 방법이 용이하여 손쉬운 의사 전달과 정보 획득의 도구로 활용되고 있다. 최근 들어 이러한 트위터를 다양한 분야에 이용하려는 시도가 있어 왔고, 특히 교육분야에 이용하고자 하는 연구가 진행되어 왔다. 트위터는 교육현장에서 교수자와 학습자간의 의사소통 도구로 활용되거나, 시간과 공간의 제약 없이 학습자들의 협동학습에 활용되어 질 수 있다. 이와 같이 트위터가 다양한 활용 가능성을 가지고 있음에도 불구하고, 실질적인 적용 및 고찰을 통해 그 교육적 효과를 입증하는 연구는 많지 않다. 본 연구에서는 트위터를 대학의 한 학기동안 학생들의 질의 응답도구로 활용하도록 하고 그 활동을 조사, 분석한다. 분석 결과, 트위터 활용을 강제하지 않은 경우 학생들의 트위터 활용도는 낮게 나타난다. 따라서 트위터는 교육적 활용 가능성을 가지고 있지만, 그러한 효과를 나타내기 위해서는 교수자와 학습자간에 적극적인 노력이 필요함을 보인다.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.109-118
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• 1999

The need for and components of a contemporary community pharmacy externship for pharmacy students have not been clearly identified in Korea. Mail survey was performed among 20 college of pharmacy deans and 800 community pharmacists to analyze the current status and develop a consensus regarding major focus area and criteria of community pharmacy externship to be implemented under the separation of dispensary from medical practice in year 2000. Mail survey yielded $80\%\;and\;23.5\%$ response rate for pharmacy school deans and community pharmacists, respectively. Of the 16 pharmacy schools that responded 14 said they have externship program in hospital pharmacy, and only 8 pharmacy schools responded of having externship program for community pharmacy. However, these community pharmacy programs lacked criteria and standard guideline for the externship. The results of survey revealed that community pharmacy externship program for students should be organized and directed toward developing expert knowledge and skills in pharmacy practice activities, clinical services, communications, pharmacy management, and professionalism. Pharmacy practice components should include competencies and skills in computer application, prescription processing, dispensing, pharmaceutical compounding, Narcotics Control Law application, maintenance and provision of drug information, and laws and regulations. Clinical service components should include the ability to identify patient's drug-related problems, provide long-term patient care and appreciate drug therapy services. Communication skills should be taught to effectively express his/her professional opinion, deduce the needs of others, utilize appropriate techniques and media to communicate ideas and conduct a patient interview and to obtain patient drug history. Pharmacy management skills should be taught to be efficient in medical insurance and drug control process. It was found that professionalism, morality, pharmacy practice experience, ability to provide clinical services, collect and provide drug information and regality are important criteria of preceptors. Externship sites should possess the ability to stock various drugs, access and provide diverse pharmacy services and should have private patient counseling area. Most pharmacists agreed that top 200 drugs' generic and brand name, indications, dosage, side effects, and contraindication should be instructed during the externship. It was also found that student and preceptor should be evaluated for their performances during the externship. This information will be incorporated into teaming objectives for students and to develop Academic Extemship Program Guidelines.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.607-620
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to identify the variables which could predict advertisement preference and intention to purchase product in sexuality-oriented fashion advertising. The data were collected using questionnaires which contained nine advertisements of Guess jeans, selected from Vogue magazine published from 1990 to 1996.441 college students (female= 225, male=216) living in Seoul, Korea participated in the study. The data were analyzed by factor analysis and stepwise elimination method of multiful regression analysis. The results of this study were as follows: First, seven factors of New Young Generation oriented characteristics were identified: fashion, individuality, preferences of caffa or reggae bar with affective mood, expression of emotion, individualism, preferences of a foreign-made product/western culture oriented tastes and activity of fan club/chatting through personal computers. Three factors of fashion advertising involvement were identified: social involvement, hedonic involvement and utilitarian involvement. Second, the variables which predicted preferences of advertisements in sexuality-oriented fashion advertising were perceived eroticism levels, hedonic involvenent, prior brand attitude and preference of a foreign-made product/western culture oriented tastes in the case of females, while perceived eroticism levels, hedonic involvenent prior brand attitude, preference of a foreign-made product/western culture oriented tastes and activity of fan club/ chatting through personal computers were identified as predictor variables for males. Third, the intention to purchase product was predicted by preference of a foreign-made product/western culture oriented tastes, prior brand attitude, hedonic involvenent and fashion for females, and by perceived eroticism levels, fashion opinion leadership, hedonic involvenent and prior brand attitude in the case of males.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.162-188
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• 1988

The purpose of this study is to guide the direction of the Korean nursing education to analysize ⑴ the philosophy and objectives ⑵ curriculum, and ⑶ educational environment. This analysis is based on the data from 50 nursing schools (14 4-year colleges and 35 3-year colleges) The survey was conducted from Dec. 1986 through Jan. 1987 by mail. 1) Educational philosophy and objectives 10 4-year colleges and 8 3-year college program have curricular philosoph. Most popular curricular philosophies are human beings, health, nursing, nursology, nursing education, nurses role in the present and in the future. 10 nursing schools mentioned that human being is the subject to interact with : environment physically, mentally and socially. 2 schools mentioned that health is the state of functioning well physically, mentally and socially. 13 schools mentioned that the nursing is the dynamic act to maintain and to promote the highest possible level of health. 4 schools mentioned that the nursology is an applied science. 4 schools mentioned that nursing education is the process to induce the behavioural changes based on the individual ability. There is different opinion about the nurses' role between 4-year college and 3-year college. In the responses from 4-year colleges they focus on the leadership in effective changes, self-regulating and self-determining responsibilities, applying the new technology, continuing education, and participation in research to further nursing knowledge. In the responses from 3-year colleges, they focus on the education in college, primary health care nursing, direct care provider and public health education. Among 50 respondents 40 schools have educational goals which can be divided into two categories. One is to establish the moral and the other is to develop the professionalism. 2) Curriculm The analsis of curriculum is only based on the data from the 4-year colleges because the most of 3-year colleges follow the curriculum guideline set by the Ministry of Education. a) Comparison of the credits in cultural subject and in nursing major. The average required credit for graduation is 154.6 and the median credit is the range of 140-149. The average credit of cultural subjects is 43.4. In detail, the average number of credit of required course and elective courses are 24.1 and 19.3 respectively. The average credit for major subject is 111.2. In detail, the average credit for required courses and electives course are 100.9 and 10.4 respectively. In 5 colleges, students are offered even on elective course b) Comparison of the credit by class. The average earned credits are as follows : 41.1 in freshman, 400 in sophormore 38.3 in junior and 32.4 in senior. Cultural subjects are studied in early phases. c) Comparison of the compulsory and elective cultural subject by institute. The range of credit is 7-43 in compulsory cultural subjects and there are lot of differences among institutions. While all respondents require liberal arts as compulsary subjects, few respondents lists social science, natural science and behavioral science as required subjects. Social science-related subjects are frequently chosen as cultural subjects d) Distribution of creditsin cultural subjects by institute. The liberal art subjects are taught in 20 institute. English and physical education courses are taught in all instituions. The social science subjects are taught in 15 colleges and the basic Psycology and the Basic sociology are the most popular subjects. The natural science subjects are taught in 7 colleges and Biology and Chemistry are the most popular subjects among them. e) Distribution of credits in major basic courses by institute. Most of the institutes select Anatomy, Microbiology, Physiology, biochemistry and Pathology as basic major courses. f) Comparison of the required and elective courses for nursing major by institutions. Subjects and credit ranges in major are varing by institute. More than half of the respondents select the following subjects as required major subjects. (1) Adults Health Nursing and Practice (19.5 credits) (2) Mother and Child Care and Practice (8.9 credits) (3) Community Health Care and Practice (8.5 credits) (4) Psychiatric Nursing Care and Practice (8.1 credits) (5) Nursing Management and Practice (3.9 credits) (6) Fundamental of Nursing, Nursing Research and Health Assessment and Practice. Three institutions select Introduction to nursing, Rehabilitation Nursing, School Nursing, Public Health Nursing, Nursing English, Communication, Human Development as electives in nursing major. 3) Educational environment a) Nursing institution There are forty-three 3-year colleges and seventeen 4-year colleges and 81.4% of which are private b) Number of students and faculty 19.2% of the students are in 4-year colleges and 80.8% of the students are in 3-year colleges. In 4-year colleges, the number of nursing faculty members is in the other of assistant professor, instructor and professor. In 3-year colleges, the orderiis lecturer, associate professor, full time instructor and assistant professor. In 4-year colleges, 18.8 students are allocated per nursing faculty and in 3-year colleges, 33.1 students are allocated per nursing faculty. c) Clinical practices 66.7% of the 4-year colleges practice over 1201 hours in clinic and 28.5% of 3-year colleges practice over 1201 hours in clinic. In 4-year colleges, 11.5 students are allocated per nursing faculty and in 3-year colleges,17 students are allocated per nursing faculty The survey shows no difference in the procedure between 4-year colleges and 3-year colleges but 3-year colleges choose the more variety practicing site such as special hospital and community health clinic. d) Audiovisual facilities The survey shows a lot of difference in audiovisual facilities among institution and 3-year colleges are less equipped than 4-year colleges.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.105-114
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• 2001

농촌 여자고등학생들의 성 관련 지식과 태도에 미치는 성교육의 단기 및 중기 효과를 평가하기 위해 2개 고등학교 여학생 119명을 대상으로 150분에 걸쳐 성교육을 실시 한 후 교육 실시전과 실시 후 1개월과 6개월에 각각 l회씩 설문조사를 실시하였다. 에이즈와 관련된 지식의 수준은 교육 전 8.46점에서 교육 1개월 후에 11.90, 6개월 후에는 11.87로 교육 후 상당기간이 경과해도 지식의 수준은 유지하였으며, 사랑하는 사람과는 혼전에 성 관계를 가져도 좋고, 인공유산은 죄를 짓는 것이라는 것 그리고 미혼모, 강간 혹은 질병으로 인해 부득이 하게 인공유산을 받아야 하는 경우를 찬성하는 학생의 비율이 성교육 후에 증가하였다. 고등학생 시절에 이성간에 교제를 하는 것은 긍정적이다라는 생각은 교육 전에도 83.2%로 매우 높았으며 교육 1개월 후와 6개월 후에도 각각 83.9%와 84.9%로 매우 높은 수준을 유지하였으나 중학생 시절에 이성교제를 하는 것에 대해서는 다소 부정적인 의견을 나타내었다. 에이즈에 대한 태도는 성교육 후에 긍정적이며 적극적으로 변화하였으며 특히, 환자를 인간적으로 대하고, 공개적으로 관리해야 한다는 생각이 증가하였다. 결론적으로 성교육을 통하여 성 관련 지식과 태도는 6개월이 지난 시점에서도 상당한 수준으로 유지하였다. 앞으로 더욱 효과적인 성교육을 위해서 보건소와 학교는 서로 긴밀한 협조관계를 유지하여 성교육 사업에 필요한 재정적 바탕을 마련해야 할 것이고 그 다음으로는 그 내용에 충실을 기해야 하겠다. 그리고 학교에서는 쌍방향의 대화식 성교육을 통하여 충분한 지식의 습득과 실질적인 피임기술을 익힐 수 있는 시간의 화보에 노력하여야 할 것이다. 또한 한 두 번의 일과성의 성교육으로 끝나서는 안되도록 학교에서는 장기적인 계획을 세워 규칙적이고 지속적인 교육이 되도록 교과과정을 조정하고 보건소에서는 학생들이 싫증을 가지지 않도록 흥미 있고 다양한 교육내용을 개발하거나 중앙부처나 단체에서 개발한 프로그램을 도입하여 학교에 제공하여야 할 것이다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.581-596
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• 1995

Clinical practice in nursing education provides an opportunity for students, through the process of ap-plying theoretical knowledge to practice, and to learn nursing skills as well as being socialized into nursing and as such decrease the reality shock of actual nursing practice. Because of a shortage of nursing faculty, the job of achieving the objectives of the clinical practice had been turned over to the head nurses. This resulted in many problems, such as, unclear location of responsibilities and inadequate feedback from head nurses. Therefore this study was done to introduce and evaluate the use of preceptors as a way to minimize the above problems, and to maximize the achievement of the clinical practice objectives. Using an adaptation of Zerbe's (1991) three-tiered team model, clinical practice was done using a preceptor, a head nurse and a clinical instructor, each with different and well defined roles. The subjects of this study were 67 senior students of the College of Nursing of Y University in Seoul whose clinical practice in adult nursing was carried out between May 1, 1994 and December 8, 1994. There were 22 preceptors who had at least two years of clinical experience and who were recommended by their head nurses. They were given additional education on the philosophy and objectives of the College of Nursing, on communication skills, on the theory and practice of education, and on nursing diagnosis and education evaluation. The role of the preceptor was to work one-to-one with students in their practice. The role of the head nurse was to supervise and evaluate the preceptors. The role of the clinical instructor was to provide the education program for the preceptors, to provide ad-vice and suggestions to the preceptors and to maintain lines of communication with the college. With each of these roles in place, it was thought that the effectiveness and efficiency of the clinical practice could be increased significantly. To evaluate the effectiveness of the preceptorship, the three - tiered model, Lowery's Teacher Evaluation Opinion Form translated and adapted to Korea was used to measure student statisfaction. The Clinical Practice Compentency Evaluation Tool developed by Lee et ai was also used to measure student competencies. The results of this study are as follows 1. The satisfaction with clinical practice was higher with the introduction of the perceptors than it was before they were used. (t=-5.96, p=<.005) 2. The clinical practice competencies were higher with the introduction of the preceptors than it was before they were used(t=-5.l3, p<.005) 3. In order to analyze areas not measured by the quantitative tools additional analysis of the open questions was done. The results of this analysis showed that : 1) The students felt positive about their sense of security, confidence, handling of responsbility, and being systematic. They also felt positive about improvements in knowledge, opportunities for direct care, and socialization. 2) The students felt negative about the technical part of their role, lack of knowledge by the preceptor, unprofessional attitudes on the part of the preceptor, difficulty in the role of the professional nurse(student). 3) The preceptors felt positive about their responsibility, motivation, and relationship with the college. 4) The preceptors felt negative about their bur-den. Introduction of the preceptorship model will lead to change and improvement in the negative factors discussed above, solve problems in the present clinical education system, increase continuity in the education of the students, help with socialization of the students and motivation of the preceptors to up-grade their education and increase their confidence. These objectives must be obtained to further the development of professional nursing, and thus, making the preceptorship a reality is our job for the future.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.57-71
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• 1994

I investigated actual conditions of smoking of teenagers who were randomly chosen middle and high school students. 1. Juvenile smoking 1) Parents' opinions of juvenile smoking Most parents do not want their children to smoke after growth : 88.6% of fathers (middle school students: 88.9%, high school students: 88.4%) and 95.1% of mothers (middle school students: 93.4%, high school students :95.5%). 2) Teenagers' opinions of smoking after growth The rate of students who will smoke after growth is 10.8% (middle school students: 12.0%, high school students: 9.9%): students in agricultural areas show the higher rate than those in cities. 3) Parents' opinions of their children's smoking now 1.5% of fathers want their children to smoke now (middle school students: 1.3%, high school students: 1.6%) and 1.1% of mothers do (middle school students: 0.6%, high school students: 1.5%). This shows that most parents do not want their children to smoke now. 4) Students' opinions of their friends' smoking now Students who want their friends smoke now cover 7.8% (middle school students: 7.1%, high school students: 8.4%). This rates are higher than those of parents shown in (3). And more high school students and more girl students gave the positive reponse than middle school boy and girl students, respectively. 5) Students' views of smoking "Look like an adult" covers the rate of 4.0% (boy: 7.8%, girl:3.6%) 6.7% of middle school students have this view, while 3.7% of high school students have. 16.1% of students had an experience of smoking during the last one year (boy: 29.9%, girl: 8.6%): this shows that the rate of the boy students is more than 3 times greater than that of the girl students and high students who experienced smoking last year covers 20.2%, while middle school students shows 10.9%. 6) Actual conditions of students' smoking The present rate of students' smoking is 22.4% (boy:38.3%, girl:13.8%): the rate of boy students is greater than that of girl students. Students who smoke more than pack of cigarettes a day cover 8.2% (boy: 17.5%, girl: 3.2%): 5.2% of middle school students (boy:11.4%, girl: 2.1%) smoke more than one pack while 10.7% of high school students do (boy:21.5%, girl: 4.2%). This shows that the rate of boy students' smoking is greater than that of girl students' smoking. 7) The rate of smoking of students' parents 75.4% of fathers (city: 74.5%, agricultural area:75.9%) smoke: and more than a half (62.4%) smoke more than a pack cigarettes a day. On the other hand, the rate of smoking mothers is 5.2%(city: 4.3%, agricultural area: 7.3%): the rate is higher in agricultural areas. 8) Opinions of smoking population in the future 61.4% of students answered that smoking population will increase, while 27.0% have the opinion that smoking population will decrease. 2. Opinions of the effects of smoking on health 1) Have you heard that smokers are likely to suffer from tuberclosis? 78.3% of students said yes (boy: 80.8%, girl: 76.4%): it is shown that the rate of boys is greater than that of girls. 2) Have you heard that smokers are likely to get out of endurance? 76.6% of students (boy: 69.3%, girl: 49.7%) answered yes: it is shown that the rate of boys is greater than that of girls. 3) Have you heard that heart-beats get fast when one smokes? 32.5% of students (boy: 35.5%, girl: 30.9%) answered yes: 32.2% in cities(boy: 33.0%, girl: 31.8%) and 33.5% in agricultural areas(boy: 41.8%, girl: 28.8%): and 28.7% middle students and 35.5% of high school students answered yes. 4) Have you heard that smokers are likely to have heart-diseases? 35.1% of students (boy: 34.0%, girl: 34.1%) answered yes: 35.3% in cities (boy: 37.2%, girl: 34.2%) and 36.7% in agricultural areas (boy: 39.0%, girl: 33.9%): 34.8% of middle school students and 35.4% of high school students. 5) Have you heard that smokers are likely to have a lung cancer? 91.4% of students (boy: 93.2%, girl: 89.9%) answered yes: 90.35% in cities and 94.2% in agricultural areas. 6) Have you heard that the life of smokers gets shorter? 94.3% of students (boy:94.6%, girl: 92.2%) answered yes. 7) Have you heard that pregnant smokers will deliver a baby with low birth weight? 29.6% of students (boy: 29.8%, girl: 29.4%) answered yes: the rates of boys and girls almost the same. 8) Have you heard that one feels calm when one smokes? 80.1% of students (boy: 81.8%, girl: 79.2%) answered yes: boys and girls showed almost the same rate. 3. Preventive measures Smoking people continued to increase all over the world because smoking not only mitigated emotional uneasiness such as loneliness, nervousness and so on, but also could be very helpful from the social perspective. This was so because they did not consider harmful effects of smoking on health, and victims. However, because any -one can have physical disorders caused by smoking, people should always keep in mind the following preventive measures. 1) Doctors or teachers should set an example of giving up smoking. Informing patients or students of harmful effects of smoking to persuade their family and relatives not to smoke. 2) Through mass media like newspapers, periodicals or broadcasting, to make people know harmful effects of smoking and not smoke. 3) To prohibit selling teenagers cigarette by law. 4) To prohibit smoking in public places like work places, offices, lecture rooms, recreation rooms, buses, trains and so on. 5) To decrease the rate of life insurance for non-smokers as in foreign countries and to give a warming of the harmful effects on cigarette packets or ads.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제20권9호
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• pp.129-139
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• 2020

본 연구는 조리실무 교과목에 플립드러닝 교수학습방법을 적용함으로서 조리전공 대학생들의 주관적 인식유형을 분석하여 조리실무 관련 수업의 보다 나은 교육효율성 제고를 위해 연구되었다. 또한 소규모 학생들의 주관적 인식에 대한 연구를 위해 Q방법론을 이용하여 주관적 태도와 인식 속에 나타나는 공통된 구조를 파악하고자 하였으며, 분석결과 총 4가지 유형을 도출하였다. 제 1유형(N=5) : 문제해결능력효과 (Problem solving ability effect), 제 2유형(N=6) : 자기주도학습효과 (Self-directed learning effect), 제 3유형(N=3) : 상호협력실습효과 (Mutual cooperation practice effect), 제 4유형(N=6) : 이론학습효과 (Theory learning effect)로 각 각 독특한 특징의 유형으로 분석되었다. 조리실무 수업에 플립드러닝 적용은 기존의 수업 방식을 떠나 학습자가 중심이 되는 교육으로서 학습자는 수업 전 시간상 규제를 받지 않고 완전학습을 이행 할 수 있는 것을 발견하였으며, 수업 중 개별 및 조별 활동에 대한 흥미도, 학습자들 간의 의견 공유, 학습 성과에 매우 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 하지만 학생 전원이 플립드러닝 수업 참여에 대한 운영방안과 조별학습에서의 무임승차 평가 방식 등의 문제는 추가적인 해결방안의 모색이 필요함이 나타났다.