• Journal of Korean Dental Science
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.6-15
• /
• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this retrospective study is to investigate the degree of coincidence between the peer assessment rating (PAR) index and American Board of Orthodontics objective grading system (ABO-OGS) in the assessment of orthodontic treatment outcomes of Class I malocclusion cases. Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 26 Class I patients. The PAR index was used for evaluation of pre-(T0) and posttreatment (T1) casts, and the ABO-OGS for assessment of T1 casts. If there was a reduction in PAR scores from T0 to T1 of more than 30%, the label 'PAR+' was given to the case, and if not, it was labeled 'PAR-'. If the ABO-OGS was less than 27, the label 'OGS+' was given to the case and if not, it was labeled 'OGS-'. 'A PAR-only qualified group' (PAR+), 'ABO-OGS-only qualified group' (OGS+), 'both indices qualified group' (PAR+/OGS+), and 'both indices disqualified group' (PAR-/OGS-) were compared with a Wilcoxon rank-sum test, sensitivity/specifi city test and Spearman's correlation test. Result: PAR scores for T0, T1, and percentage reduction were 21.1, 6.4, and 65.9%, respectively, and 35.4 for ABOOGS. The distribution of the 'PAR+/OGS+', 'PAR+', and 'PAR-/OGS-' group was 19.3%, 76.9%, and 3.8%, respectively. The T0-PAR, T1-PAR and PAR point reductions for the 'PAR+' group were significantly higher than those of 'PAR+/OGS+' groups (23.1 vs. 15.6; 6.7 vs. 4.6; and 16.5 vs. 11.0; all P<0.05). However, the PAR-percentage reduction and treatment duration between the two groups were not statistically different (70.0% vs. 67.0%, P=0.4325; 24.1 months vs. 25.0 months, P=0.4057). The T1-ABO-OGS score for 'PAR+' group was significantly higher than that of the 'PAR+/OGS+' groups (38.2 vs. 24.0, P<0.001). Conclusion: Since the fraction of the 'PAR+/OGS+' group was less than 20% and there was no significant correlation between PAR-percentage reduction and T1-ABO-OGS, development of a new index system for the accurate evaluation of treatment outcome is needed.

• 한국산림과학회지
• /
• 제108권2호
• /
• pp.147-167
• /
• 2019

본 연구는 백두대간 깃대배기봉~죽령 구간의 마루금을 대상으로 식물사회학적 식생유형분류를 실시한 후, 일치법과 CCA 분석을 통해 분류된 식생단위와 입지환경인자와의 상관관계를 파악하고, 종다양도 분석, 군락유사도와 DCA 분석을 통해 식생단위간 유사도와 군락의 통계적 거리를 고찰하며, 주요 목본 수종의 종간상관관계 분석을 통해 산림식생구조를 파악하기 위하여 2018년 4월부터 동년 10월까지 총 298개소의 산림식생조사를 실시하였다. 식생유형분류 결과, 총 13개의 식생단위로 구분되었으며 최상위 수준에서 신갈나무군락군으로 분류되었고, 신갈나무군락군은 산뽕나무군락, 터리풀군락, 쇠물푸레나무군락, 개벚지나무군락, 신갈나무전형군락으로 세분되었고, 산뽕나무군락은 물참대군과 산뽕나무전형군으로 세분되었으며, 터리풀군락은 박새군, 새군, 터리풀전형군으로 세분되었으며, 쇠물푸레나무군락은 소나무군, 일본잎갈나무군, 쇠물푸레나무전형군으로 세분되었다. 물참대군은 다시 가래나무소군, 황벽나무소군, 말발도리소군, 물참대전형군으로 세분되었다. 입지환경인자와 일치법과 CCA를 통한 상관관계 분석 결과, 해발고도에서 터리풀군락(식생단위 6~8)은 1,200 m 이상에서 분포하는 것으로 나타났고, 그 외 식생단위에서는 1,200 m 이하에 분포하는 것으로 나타났으며, CCA 분석 결과에서도 터리풀군락은 해발고도와 양의 상관관계를 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 종다양도 분석 결과, 터리풀군락이 종다양도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 군락유사도 결과, 쇠물푸레나무군락(식생단위 9~11)의 유사도가 상대적으로 동질하게 나타났으며, 산뽕나무군락(식생단위 1~5)과 새군(식생단위 7)은 상대적으로 이질적인 것으로 나타났다. DCA 분석 결과에서도 산뽕나무군락과 터리풀군락의 통계적 축의 거리가 가장 먼 것으로 나타나 군락유사도 분석 결과와 일치하는 경향을 보였다. 주요 목본 수종의 종간상관관계 분석 결과, 친수성 수종간에는 양의 상관관계가 인정되었고, 참나무류인 신갈나무와 양수인 소나무, 일본잎갈나무 등은 음의 상관관계가 인정되었다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.117-123
• /
• 2006

The purpose is to study the identification method of Huangjinju powder for injection and the medicinal materials by the fingerprint off-ray Diffraction Fourier (XRDF). We used the same method on both the studying of Huangjinju and the medicinal materials. Then we selected a few components alignment to compare. We analyzed the data by setting up the deviation $d({\AA})$ as ${\pm}0.05$ to calculate the rate of special mark on the sample (Px) and on the patent (P). The special XRDF of Huangjinju$[d({\AA})/(I/I_0)]$ have 5 peaks that have not expressed in medicinal materials. Therefore Px is 22.73%. Flos Trollii Chinensis has 3 special marks and Px is 17.65%. Flos Chrysanthemi Indici has 1 special mark and Px is 3.57%. Its coincided interplanar spacing with the patent is $2.907{\AA}$. Flos Lonicerae Japonicae has 6 special marks and Px is 23.08%. Its special mark in the patent are 4.95/14 and 4.50/15, respectively. The P is 9.09%. Its coincided interplanar spacing with the patent is $2.910{\AA}\;and\;3.05{\AA}$, respectively. The number of special XRDF mark peaks of baicalin is 9 and Px is 18.37%. Its coincided interplanar spacing with the patent is $2.910{\AA}$. It has visible mark and specificity adopting XRDF fingerprint to identify Huangjinju and medicinal materials. Establishing the quality standard is a synthetic index that depends both on special marks in the medicinal materials of the patent and on the coincidence peak data.

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제43권4호
• /
• pp.677-681
• /
• 2003

Currently, both the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) have been used to detect Neospora caninum antibodies. Several factors such as the buffers, the conjugate, the pattern of fluorescence, and the cross reactivity with other apicornplexan protozoan, may result in poorly correlated data. The present study was undertaken to develop and evaluate the Neospora agglutination test (NAT) for the detection and quantification of IgG antibodies to N. caninum from various animal species. Compared to the ELISA method, the NAT with a cutoff value of 1:512 gave a high index of coincidence (kappa=0.807) and no cross reactivity to Toxoplasma gondii antiserum. Hence, this NAT method, which did not require a species-specific secondary antibody and expensive tools, would be easily available for the detection of antibodies to N. caninllm of various animal species.

• 한국과학교육학회지
• /
• 제32권3호
• /
• pp.428-445
• /
• 2012

The objective of this study is developing an instrument for investigating views of the respondents on nature of science(NOS) by using experienced scientific knowledge, atomic model. It consists of total six questions and 36 detail items, and each question is reflected the aspects of different NOS which are 'recognition on the model', 'tentativeness of scientific knowledge', 'subjectivity in science', 'use of inference and imagination', 'myths of the scientific method', and 'comparison between science and art'. Particularly, 'comparison between science and art' is addressed almost for the first time in this questionnaire. In the class environment almost not to teach nature of science linking with concrete scientific knowledge, to inquire how the students recognize nature of science, relating to experienced scientific knowledge through this questionnaire will give the data of scientific knowledge based recognition on the nature of science and an important implication for nature of science teaching with concrete scientific knowledge. Developing processes have gone through four steps. In first step, we chose aspects of NOS and developed questions and details. In second step, we tested the draft into fifteen science teachers and, reflecting their opinions, corrected the form and contents of questionnaires. In third step, we tested the questionnaire included writing section for expressing thoughts of the respondents into 55 students in science high school and checked index of coincidence between Likert and open-ended responses which shows 88.2% degree of consensus. Furthermore, to identify the feature of using concrete scientific knowledge we applied this and views on science and education questionnaires together into six university students. We performed final test to 68 university students and measured Cronbach's, and ultimately completed final questionnaire in last step.

• 복식
• /
• 제62권4호
• /
• pp.81-90
• /
• 2012

The contents of this study are as follows. First, an academic understanding has been achieved by exploring the theoretical concept "allegory", and a new theoretical approached methodology has been sought. Second, an analysis-index of fashion illustration cases has been suggested based on the allegory theory of Craig Owens. Third, in order to draw the characteristics of fashion illustration as viewed from the allegorical viewpoint and find out its feasibility, the case studies has been referred and the internal significance, external significance that combines different characteristics has been extracted. In regards to this study method, literature studies and case studies has been done in parallel with each other. This study was done in the following sequence: the establishment of the study system, the drawing of the allegory-associated concepts and the discovering the characteristics of aesthetic expressions. The results of this study on the expression characteristics of fashion illustration as viewed from the allegorical viewpoint of Craig Owens are as follows. First, the borrowing of image, which is a characteristic of allegory, contains the meaning of uncertainty in the fashion illustration as it expresses the image-synthesis and forms a completely different meaning as the fixed meaning is dissolved and it is utilized as a photo-montage technique. Second, the inference of pictogram is the mixture of linguistic medium and visual medium. Fashion illustration utilizes the characters and transmits the fashion information visually and immanently. It has the characteristic of making the information into pictograms and the internal significances of mutual-text with communication function. Third, the uniqueness of location in the fashion illustration has the special nature of utilized mediums as it is used for advertising or publicizing. The fashion illustration from the viewpoint of allegory has the impermanency of existing only for a limited time and reflects the coincidence that gives the meaning of utilized location according to the season trend. Fourth, the cross-breeding is expressed as the mixture of various materials in the fashion illustration. The expressions made by the mixture of media, such as the use of computer graphic programs mixed together with various materials showed the trend of diversity and genre dissolution.

• 대한인간공학회지
• /
• 제27권3호
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2008

Individual finger/total grip forces, and subjective preferences for various individual finger grip spans (i.e., four fingers had identical grip spans or different grip spans) were evaluated by using an "Adjustable Multi-Finger Force Measurement (MFFM) System". In this study, three grip spans were defined as follows: a 'favorite grip span' which is the span with the highest subjective preference; a 'maximum grip span' which is the span with the highest total grip force; a 'maximum finger grip span' which is a set of four grip spans that had maximum finger grip forces associated with the index, middle, ring, and little fingers, respectively. Ten males were recruited from university population for this study. In experiment I, each participant tested the maximum grip force with five grip spans (45 to 65mm) to investigate grip forces and subjective preferences for three types of grip spans. Results showed that subjective preferences for grip spans were not coincidence with the performance of total grip forces. It was noted that the 'favorite grip span' represented the lowest total grip force, whereas the 'maximum finger grip span' showed the lowest subjective preferences. The individual finger forces and the average percentage contribution to the total finger force were also investigated in this study. The findings of this study might be valuable information for designing ergonomics hand-tools to reduce finger/hand stress as well as to improve tool users' preferences and performance.

• 재무관리연구
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.23-49
• /
• 2008

본 논문의 목적은 과거의 산업 포트폴리오 수익률이 확률추세로부터 어떻게 전체 주식시장과 두 가지 거시경제 변수인 경기동행지수와 산업생산 등을 예측할 수 있는 지를 알아보는 데에 있다. 이를 위하여 본 연구에서는 연구모형을 설정한 후 세 가지 검정절차를 제시하고 이를 실증적으로 분석하였다. 당월의 전체 주식시장 수익률은 과거의 시차를 지닌 특정 산업부문 포트폴리오 수익률에 대하여 양(+)의 상관관계를 유지하고 있다는 '예측 1'과 전체 주식시장의 수익률은 특정산업부문의 수익률에 대하여 선행성을 지닐 수 없다는 '예측 2'에 대한 검정 결과는 '예측 1'과 '예측 2'가 지지되고 있음을 파악할 수 있었다. 그리고 산업별 포트폴리오 수익률과 거시경제변수 간의 높은 상관관계를 토대로 하여 전체 주식시장 수익률 예측을 가능하게 하는 업종 정보의 점진적 확산 현상이 발생하게 되는가를 검토하기 위하여 각 산업들의 포트폴리오 수익률과 전체 주식시장 수익률이 VAR 모형을 토대로 볼 경우 Granger 인과관계를 갖고 있는 지를 분석하였다. 분석결과 21개 업종은 각 산업별 포트폴리오 수익률이 전체 주식시장 수익률을 5% 수준에서 통계적으로 유의한 영향을 주고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이들 21개의 산업별 포트폴리오 수익률은 경제적으로도 중요한 의미를 지니고 있어 산업제품의 가격 상승과 하락이 경제에 미치는 영향을 파악할 수 있다. 특히 음료 업종에서 전체 주식시장 수익률과 상호간의 인과성을 나타내었으며, 인터넷과 화장품 업종에서는 전체 주식시장 수익률이 이들 업종에 대하여 일방적인 영향을 보이고 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• 제55권12호
• /
• pp.474-480
• /
• 2012

Purpose: For evaluating the immunogenicity of an influenza vaccine, the microneutralization (MN) test has a higher sensitivity and specificity as compared to the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. However, the MN test is more time consuming and is difficult to standardize. We performed the MN test to determine its usefulness as an alternative or complementary test to the HI test for evaluating the immunogenicity of influenza vaccines. Methods: We compared the MN test with the HI test using 50 paired samples taken from a previous clinical study (2008-2009) in Korean children under 18 years of age. Results: The linear correlation coefficients of the 2 tests for H3N2, H1N1, and influenza B were 0.69, 0.70, and 0.66, respectively. We identified a high index of coincidence between the 2 tests. For an influenza vaccine, the postvaccination seroprotection rates and seroconversion rates determined by the MN test were 78.0% and 96.0%, 90% and 42.0%, and 42.0% and 48.0% for H3N2, H1N1, and influenza B, respectively. Geometric mean titer fold increases of H3N2, H1N1, and influenza B were 2.89, 5.04, and 4.29, respectively, and were 2.5-fold higher. We obtained good results in the evaluation of the immunogenicity of the 2008-2009 seasonal influenza vaccines. Conclusion: We found that the MN test was as effective as the HI test. Therefore, we suggest that the MN test can be used as an alternative or complementary test to the HI test for evaluating the immunogenicity of influenza vaccines.

• 통상정보연구
• /
• 제13권4호
• /
• pp.229-249
• /
• 2011

본 연구는 글로벌금융위기 이후에 환율변동과 수출가격과의 관련성을 살펴보았다. 이를 위하여 우리나라 수출기업의 가격차별화 가격결정 행태뿐만 아니라 우리나라 수출산업의 특성상 가공무역구조로 인식하고 수출가격 결정모형을 설정하였다. 이러한 수출가격 결정모형에 근거하여 된 2008년 1월 이후 2011년 10월까지의 기간을 대상으로 음식료품, 목재나무제품, 펄프종이제품, 화학제품을 제외한 제조업을 대상으로 환율변동의 수출가격에의 전가율을 추정하였다. 연구결과 원화환율은 수출가격에 불완전 하게 전가되는 것으로 추정됨을 확인하였다. 원화환율의 1% 상승(하락)은 우리나라 제조업 수출가격을 장단기적으로 0.44 %와 0.33%상승(하락)시키는 것으로 추정되었다. 또한 우리나라 수출가격은 원화환율 뿐만 아니라 경쟁국의 수출가격, 미국경기통행지수, 단위노동비용 및 원자재 수입가격을 대변하는 생산자물가지수, 경쟁국의 환율에 크게 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 산업별 환율전가의 차이는 시장 점유율, 제품차별화, 자본집약도 등과 밀접한 관련이 있는 것으로 분석되었는데 대체로 해외시장 점유율이 높거나 혹은 제품차별화 정도가 크거나 혹은 노동비율이 높은 자본집약산업에서 환율전가도가 높게 나타났다.