• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.1841-1846
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• 2013

Anti-angiogenic agents have played crucial roles in the treatment of ovarian cancer in recent years, but potential benefits of endostatin have been largely unexplored. The present retrospective study evaluated its efficacy and toxicity with two cohorts of patients with platinum-resistant recurrent ovarian cancer. One cohort received gemcitabine plus endostar (rh-endostatin), and the second cohort received gemcitabine regimen alone, with totals of 31 and 27 patients, respectively. The main endpoints were disease control rate (DCR), PFS, overall survival (OS) and safety. There were statistically significant differences in DCR (70.9% vs. 40.7%; P = 0.02) and PFS (6.3 months vs. 3.2 months, P = 0.001) between the two cohorts. Though the endostar cohort also improved median OS by 2.1 months, there was no statistically significant difference compared with gemcitabine alone cohort in this case (12.5 months vs. 10.4 months, P = 0.201). Treatment was well tolerated for most patients, and toxicity of endostar was negligible. Gemcitabine plus endostar significantly improved the prognosis in patients with platinum-resistant recurrent ovarian cancer, especially in those with malignant effusion. The endostar-containing regimen is recommended in this setting.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권8호
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• pp.4667-4669
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• 2013

We evaluated cigarette smoking as a risk factor for prostate cancer in a prospective, population-based cohort study. The subjects were 14,450 males among the participants in the Seoul Male Cancer Cohort Study who had at least 1-year follow-up. They were followed up between 1993 and 2008. During the 16-year follow-up period, 87 cases of prostate cancer occurred over the 207,326 person-years of the study. The age-adjusted relative risks of past and current smokers at entry were 0.60 (95%CI: 0.34-1.06) and 0.70 (95%CI: 0.43-1.13), respectively, suggesting that cigarette smoking may not be a risk factor for prostate cancer. The relationship between prostate cancer and other modifiable factors, such as Westernized diet, should be studied with the goal of establishing prevention programs for prostate cancer.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.356-359
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• 2009

In the more than 100 genome wide association studies (GWAS) conducted in the past 5 years, more than 250 genetic loci contributing to more than 40 common diseases and traits have been identified. Whilst many genes have been linked to a trait, both their individual and combined effects are small and unable to explain earlier estimates of heritability. Given the rapid changes in disease incidence that cannot be accounted for by changes in diagnostic practises, there is need to have well characterized exposure information in addition to genomic data for the study of gene-environment interactions. The case-control and cohort study designs are most suited for studying associations between risk factors and occurrence of an outcome. However, the case control study design is subject to several biases and hence the preferred choice of the prospective cohort study design in investigating geneenvironment interactions. A major limitation of utilising the prospective cohort study design is the long duration of follow-up of participants to accumulate adequate outcome data. The GWAS paradigm is a timely reminder for traditional epidemiologists who often perform one- or few-at-a-time hypothesis-testing studies with the main hallmarks of GWAS being the agnostic approach and the massive dataset derived through large-scale international collaborations.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.187-194
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• 2021

Platelets are derived from fragments formed in the cytoplasm of bone marrow megakaryocytes. Platelet count (PLT) can be altered by factors such as platelet production, destruction, and inflammation. In a previous study, the significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were reported by the genome-wide association study (GWAS) for PLT in Koreans. In this study, it was confirmed whether significant SNPs were replicated in the HEXA (The Health Examinees) cohort. As a result, the SNPs of the THPO (rs6141), BAK1 (rs210314, rs9296095), GGNBP1 (rs75080135), ACAD10 (rs6490294), and ABCC4 (rs4148441) were significantly correlated with PLT (P < 10^-8). At the same time, it was confirmed that the direction of influence was the same according to the genotype. In conclusion, it can be seen that common SNPs are associated with the platelet count regardless of the cohort for Koreans.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제31권
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• pp.23.1-23.6
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• 2016

Objectives A stable follow-up participation rate is a very important factor for validity in a cohort study. This study analyzed the factors that affect the participation rate at one hospital-based birth cohort in South Korean. Methods The participants were recruited from the Mothers' and Children's Environmental Health study between 2006 and 2010. The analysis targeted 1751 mothers who participated in a birth cohort. We conducted analyses of general characteristics during pregnancy and those of infants at birth that affect the participation rate of the 6-month follow-up survey. Results The participation rate for the 6-month follow-up survey was 60.4%. The participation rate in the follow-up of the subsequent period decreased within a 5% to 10% range compared to the number of subjects. The participation rate of premature infants was 16.9% lower than that of a full-term infant (52.6% vs. 69.5%). Analysis showed a 16.7% difference between the participation rate of low-birthweight infants in follow-ups (53.7%) and the participation rate of infants with normal weight (70.4%). The participation rate of mothers who were employed during pregnancy was significantly lower for the 6-month follow-up compared to the participation rate of mothers who were unemployed during pregnancy. Conclusions In this study, factors such as premature birth, low-birthweight, and the employment status of the mother during pregnancy affected the participation rate of the follow-up survey for the birth cohort at six months. A specific strategy is needed to encourage survey participation for the high risk groups in the follow-ups.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.641-650
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was done to examine the difference in cancer screening with mammography and Papanicolaou smear according to Body Mass Index (BMI). Methods: The participants in this study were 5,912 women ages 40 to 69 yr, selected from the Korean Genomic Regional Cohort in Kangwon province. Mammography and Papanicolaou smear were assessed by questionnaire and body weight (kg) and height (m) measured to calculate BMI. Results: The distribution of BMI was as follows: low weight (1.5%), normal weight (31.1%), over weight (24.6%), mildly obese (36.4%) and severely obese (6.3%). After adjusting for age, education and monthly income, compared with normal weight women, overweight women (odds ratio [OR]=1.283, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.089-1.513) and mildly obese women (OR=1.214, 95% CI=1.048-1.406) were less likely to have had mammography. In contrast to mammography, cancer screening with Papanicolaou smear was not significantly different by BMI. Conclusion: Obese women in rural areas are less likely to screen for breast cancer by using mammography than non obese women. To ensure regular screening for breast cancer, health care providers need to give scrupulous care to obese women and remove barriers originated from obesity. Also, educational and clinical implications are considered to increase the Papanicolaou smear rate.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.153-159
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• 1982

의학교육에 있어서의 소모성을 파악할 목적으로 $1973{\sim}1982$학년도 동안 모 국립대학교 의과대학에 입학한 의과대학생을 대상으로 의학교육 소모의 수량적 파악을 시도하였기에 그 결과를 보고하는 바이다. 1. 조사시점에 있어서의 평균 정규 진급율은 83.4%였고 Cohort 전원이 졸업 (탈락 포함)한 Cohort $I{\sim}V$의 평균 진급율은 77.2%였다. 2. 10개 전 Cohort의 학년별 평균 유급율은 1학년 과정 15.5%, 2학년 5.4%로 1,2학년은 진급의 벽이 높으며 3학년 과정 1.4%, 4학년 0.6%로 3,4학년은 안정되어 있었다. 3. 재학생의 졸업시 예측 유급자 수는 1학년 31.6명이었고 2, 3, 4학년은 이미 출현한 유급자를 포함하여 28.9, 18.6, 22.7명이었다. 4. 10개 전 Cohort의 총 wastage는 244.8 SY로 56.2명 (년 5.62명)의 학생을 육성하여 정규 졸업시키는 교육자원량에 해당하였다. 5. 10개 전 Cohort의 평균 단위 경비는 4.26, 평균 입력 출력비는 1.06이었다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.2991-2995
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• 2012

Background: India shows some of the highest rates of cervical cancer worldwide, and more than 70% of the population is living in rural villages. Prospective cohort studies to determine the risk factors for cervical cancer are very rare from low and medium resource countries. The aim of this study was to quantify the effect of risk factors related to cervical cancer in a rural setting in South India. Material and methods: Sociodemographic and reproductive potential risk factors for cervical cancer were studied using the data from a cohort of 30,958 women who constituted the unscreened control group in a randomised screening trial in Dindigul district, Tamilnadu, India. The analysis was accomplished with the Cox proportional hazard regression model. Results: Women of increasing age (HR=2.4; 95% CI: 1.6, 3.8 in 50-59 vs 30-39), having many pregnancies (HR=7.1; 1.0, 52 in 4+ vs 0) and no education (HR=0.6; 0.2, 0.7 in high vs none) were found to be at significantly increased risk of cervical cancer. Conclusion: This cohort study gives very strong evidence to say that education is the fundamental factor among the sociodemographic and reproductive determinants of cervical cancer in low resource settings. Public awareness through education and improvements in living standards can play an important role in reducing the high incidence of cervical cancer in India. These findings further stress the importance of formulating public health policies aimed at increasing awareness and implementation of cervical cancer screening programmes.

• 한국인구학
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.151-179
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• 2012

본 연구는 Hernes 모형을 활용하여 출생코호트의 관점에서 최근까지 한국 사회가 경험한 혼인 및 출산 생애과정에서의 전반적인 변화 양상과 교육수준별 차이를 분석하고 있다. 분석 결과는, 첫째, 전반적으로 우리나라의 생애 혼인율이 매우 높은 수준이지만 상대적으로 가장 최근 출생코호트(1965~74) 남성의 경우 혼인율 감소폭이 다소 크게 나타나고 있음을 보여 주었다. 둘째, 출생코호트를 가로질러 관측된 생애 혼인율 감소는 추가적으로 교육수준별로 분화되는 모습을 보여 주었는데, 남성의 경우 저학력자 그리고 여성의 경우 고학력자의 생애 비혼 가능성이 높게 나타났다. 셋째, 출생코호트를 가로지른 출산 경험과 관련하여 첫째 및 둘째 출산에서는 출생코호트별 격차가 작은 반면 셋째 출산에서의 격차가 크게 나타남으로써 출생코호트를 가로질러 나타난 출산력에서의 양적 변화는 대체로 셋째 이상의 고순위 출산과 밀접히 연관됨을 시사하고 있다. 넷째, 출산에서의 교육수준별 격차와 관련하여 출산순위가 높아질수록 교육과 출산 사이에 보다 뚜렷한 역관계가 관측되었다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 분석 결과는 혼인 및 출산이 교육수준과 연계되는 방식이 다소 상이함을 보여 주었다. 남성과 여성 모두 최근의 출생코호트로 올수록 교육수준별 생애 혼인율에서의 격차가 커지는 경향을 보여 주지만 고순위 출산에서 관측되는 교육수준별 패턴은 최근 출생코호트로 올수록 교육수준별 격차가 오히려 감소하는 상반된 패턴을 보여 주었다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.243-248
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• 2013

Background: Associations between elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) and cancer risk have been reported for many years, but the results from prospective cohort studies remains controversial. A meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies was therefore conducted to address this issue. Methods: Eligible studies were identified by searching the PubMed and EMBASE up to October 2012. Pooled hazard ratios (HR) was calculated by using random effects model. Results: Eleven prospective cohort studies involving a total of 194,796 participants and 11,459 cancer cases were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled HR per natural log unit change in CRP was 1.105 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.033-1.178) for all-cancer, 1.308 (95% CI: 1.097-1.519) for lung cancer, 1.040 (95% CI: 0.910-1.170) for breast cancer, 1.063 (95% CI: 0.965-1.161) for prostate cancer, and 1.055 (95% CI: 0.925-1.184) for colorectal cancer. Dose-response analysis showed that the exponentiated linear trend for a change of one natural log unit in CRP was 1.012 (95% CI: 1.006-1.018) for all-cancer. No evidence of publication bias was observed. Conclusions: The results of this meta-analysis showed that the elevated levels of CRP are associated with an increased risk of all-cancer, lung cancer, and possibly breast, prostate and colorectal cancer. The result supports a role of chronic inflammation in carcinogenesis. Further research effort should be performed to identify whether CRP, as a marker of inflammation, has a direct role in carcinogenesis.