• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.155-173
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• 2018

Chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) is an unwanted adverse event in any operation. It leads to functional limitations and psychological trauma for patients, and leaves the operative team with feelings of failure and humiliation. Therefore, it is crucial that preventive strategies for CPSP are considered in high-risk operations. Various techniques have been implemented to reduce the risk with variable success. Identifying the risk factors for each patient and applying a timely preventive strategy may help patients avoid the distress of chronic pain. The preventive strategies include modification of the surgical technique, good pain control throughout the perioperative period, and preoperative psychological intervention focusing on the psychosocial and cognitive risk factors. Appropriate management of CPSP patients is also necessary to reduce their suffering. CPSP usually has a neuropathic pain component; therefore, the current recommendations are based on data on chronic neuropathic pain. Hence, voltage-dependent calcium channel antagonists, antidepressants, topical lidocaine and topical capsaicin are the main pharmacological treatments. Paracetamol, NSAIDs and weak opioids can be used according to symptom severity, but strong opioids should be used with great caution and are not recommended. Other drugs that may be helpful are ketamine, clonidine, and intravenous lidocaine infusion. For patients with failed pharmacological treatment, consideration should be given to pain interventions; examples include transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, botulinum toxin injections, pulsed radiofrequency, nerve blocks, nerve ablation, neuromodulation and surgical management. Physical therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy and lifestyle modifications are also useful for relieving the pain and distress experienced by CPSP patients.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.14-24
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to construct and test a hypothetical model of self-management in patients with hemodialysis based on the Self-Regulation Model and resource-coping perspective. Methods: Data were collected from 215 adults receiving hemodialysis in 17 local clinics and one tertiary hospital in 2016. The Hemodialysis Self-management Instrument, the Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire, Herth Hope Index and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support were used. The exogenous variable was social context; the endogenous variables were cognitive illness representation, hope, self-management behavior, and illness outcome. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation analysis, factor analysis, and structural equation modeling were performed. Results: The hypothetical model with six paths showed a good fitness to the empirical data: GFI=.96, AGFI=.90, CFI=.95, RMSEA=.08, SRMR=.04. The factors that had an influence on self-management behavior were social context (${\beta}=.84$), hope and cognitive illness representation (${\beta}=.37$ and ${\beta}=.27$) explaining 92.4% of the variance. Self-management behavior mediated the relationship between psychosocial coping resources and illness outcome. Conclusion: This research specifies a more complete spectrum of the self-management process. It is important to recognize the array of clinical resources available to support patients' self-management. Healthcare providers can facilitate self-management through collaborative care and understanding the ideas and emotions that each patient has about the illness, and ultimately improve the health outcomes. This framework can be used to guide self-management intervention development and assure effective clinical assessment.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.217-225
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• 2014

The objective of this study is to propose the implications using theory of reasoned action(TRA) on u-Tour system. This research model through TRA is consisted as three constructs: user-friendliness(cognitive), perceived usefulness(cognitive) and purchase intention(affective). This study analyzes with a total of 153 respondents and used PLS-SEM method considering the small number of samples. Also, with the analysis, WarpPLS software is used in order to ferret out non-linear relationship between the constructs of research model. As a result of analysis, this research model shows statistical level significantly on proposed hypotheses and the applicability of TRA model in u-Tour system. Furthermore, additional analysis presents the possibility of non-linear relationship on each path between the constructs of research model showing J-shape. Also, the result showes the fact that the relationship had partly negative (-) effect on dependent factor. Additional analysis proposes that income variable as base of purchase intention has a moderating effect on all paths of research model.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.65-70
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• 2013

Many child actors have appeared in various movies as the Korean film industry continues to evolve. As more children appear in violent and raunchy scenes, there are more concerns about the movie's effect on child actors. In some Western countries, many strategies have been developed for child actors, but for the Korean movie industry, the conditions are still poor for them. Although children who enter the concrete operational period are able to think logically and systematically, they are yet limited by their experiences. Adolescents in the formal operational period try to deal with all of the possibilities and assumptions logically and systematically with freedom from realistic contents and experiences. This period is very important because adolescents become more sensitive to others' feelings and they should develop their ego identity. Several studies have reported the indirect experiences through media including how the movie affected children and adolescents negatively. Depending on the individual's morality, judgment and emotional status, these effects were variable and inconsistent and could be relieved by several interventions. We could anticipate much bigger emotional effect on child actors who are acting directly and then are confronting themselves in the scene. Therefore, we suggest that the emotional effects of the movies on child actors can be managed properly by considering children's cognitive ability and emotional status, and establishing protective strategies before they are exposed to problematic scenes. Of course, it should be followed by evaluating them after the exposure and with follow-up management, if necessary.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.41-53
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to identify the factors that affect middle-old aged housewives' participation in lifelong learning as a part of human resource development. Through purposive sampling, the study recruited 163 full-time housewives over age 40 years who live in C City. As a result, first, 87.1 percent of all respondents, or 142, said they were willing to participate in lifelong learning in the future. There was no statistically significant difference in the results of cross-checking by age, educational background and monthly household income variables. Additionally, we used cluster analysis to measure differences in participation intentions according to the perception of human resource development of middle-old aged full-time housewives. The perception variable of lifelong learning is: First, Cognitive degree, second, importance, third, activation awareness. Cluster 1(n=16) was divided into generally low-perception types, such as cognitive degree, importance, and life-long learning activation of the C city, while Cluster 2(n=61) was classified as a type of person who thinks that lifelong learning is important to life and Cluster 3(n=86) was generally classified as a type with a higher lifelong learning perception. and we found that there was no difference in the intention to participate in lifelong learning by all cluster Lastly, we found that participants who valued human resource development scored significantly higher on measures of cognition than those who did not value it. Based on these results, we advocates social change that encourages the cultivation of talent through lifelong learning programs that can positively affect one's unique identity, not just wife and mother, and provide opportunities for self-development.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.53-59
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• 2017

This study was attempted to identify the domestic research related to depression and stress. The subjects of the analysis were 1,875 college degree theses thrown in the National Assembly Library searched by the depression and stress keyword as of November 30, 2016. The analysis method visualizes atypical data with Word Cloud, which is one of the text mining techniques. We also used the R'LDA package and LDA to classify treatment and subjects. As a result of the analysis, 233(12.4%) of the total papers with therapeutic keywords were found. Application of treatment methods was art therapy, music therapy, horticultural therapy, cognitive behavior therapy, clinical art therapy, cognitive therapy, psychological therapy, depression treatment, group therapy, laughter treatment sequence. The study subjects were adolescents, elderly, patient, mother, child, female, parents, and college students in order. The results of LDA topic analysis for adolescents were classified into four topics: self-support, treatment program, relationship effect, and variable study.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.299-307
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• 2019

In this study, we experimented with experience of digital signage using Virtual Reality technology, and the difference between presence and interactivity in brand experience and digital signage attitude. We conducted a two-way MANOVA analysis with cognitive presence, emotional presence, and media presence as the independent variable and interactivity level(high vs low) as dependent variables and the brand experience and attitude as dependent variables. First, cognitive presence was found to be most effective through behavioral experience when low interactivity. Second, emotional presence also has a positive effect on emotional experience when the level of interactivity is low. Third, media presence has a positive effect on emotional experience if the level of interactivity is low. This study suggests a communication strategy to communicate presence according to the characteristics of media strategy and technology through appropriate level of interactivity when using digital technology. Future research requires a qualitative approach rather than a quantitative one in terms of interactivity.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.270-284
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• 2009

There is a big attention to digital convergence products(DCP) nowadays. However, consumers' response on the DCP is not always positive. These products may not match consumers' value and consumers may not know how to use them, because the DCP is generally innovative products. DCP marketers should learn that why consumers do not purchase them. Thus, this paper examines and identifies the consumers' purchase-avoiding psychological factors and antecedents on DCP. In detail, It is empirically checked that how the relationship between purchase-preventing factors such as complexity, incongruence, uncertainty, and unreasonability and purchase-avoiding psychological factors such as dissonance, innovation resistence, and perceived loss is. Also, these purchase-avoiding psychological factors' influence on the purchase-intention is empirically checked. As results, complexity and incongruence have an effect on the innovation resistence significantly. Uncertainty and unreasonability influence perceived loss variable. Unreasonability also influences consumers' cognitive dissonance variable. Additionally, cognitive dissonance have an influence on innovation resistence positively, and such innovation resistence influence consumer's purchase-intention negatively. Therefore, marketers should think twice about the roles of these purchase-preventing factors before launching.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.233-257
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• 2014

Category-based induction is one of major inferential reasoning methods used by humans. This research tested the effect of perceived within-category variability on the inductive generalization. Experiment 1 manipulated variability by directly presenting category exemplars. After displaying low variable (low variability condition) or highly variable exemplars (high variability condition) depending on condition, participants performed inductive generalization task about a category in question. The results showed that participants have greater confidence in generalization when category variability was low than when it was high. Rather than directly presenting category exemplars in Experiment 2, participants performed induction task after they formed category variability impression by categorization task of identifying category exemplars. Experiment 2 also found the tendency that participants have greater inductive confidence when category variability was low. The variability effect discovered in this research is distinct from the diversity effect in previous research and the category-based induction model proposed by Osherson et al. (1990) cannot fully account for the variability effect in this research. Test of variability effect in category-based induction is discussed in the general discussion section.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.90-97
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• 2016

As the paradigm which emphasizes nurturing creative elites is introduced, more attention has been paid to children playing and their creativity. This change means that the importance of creativity is emphasized in the education of children, and furthermore, playgrounds which focus on creativity and imagination are needed. Therefore, this study examines the spatial characteristics of playgrounds for children and suggested strategies to improve them. There are five spatial characteristics of a creative playground: aesthetics, being eco-friendly, exploration, challenging and variable. Through the five characteristics, playgrounds were analysed based on ten expressive elements and the results are summarized: Creative playgrounds for children should have an attractive design with sculptural elements which stimulate children to be excited through associable shapes and abstract colors. Second, shelter type structures and a flexible flow design are needed so that children can feel free and be encouraged to explore in diverse ways. Third, as playgrounds for children provide spaces for rest in addition to play, organic facilities and eco-friendly materials for the rest space should to be used. Fourth, as childhood is a period when emotional, cognitive and physical development are achieved, organic geographical features and atypical facilities should be provided so that children can acquire extensive skills and join in physical activities. Finally, creative playgrounds for children should have mobile or variable facilities which consider the characteristics of children who want to do diverse activities and play different games. This study analysed playgrounds for children and suggested strategies to improve them. For successful design and use of creative playgrounds, it is suggested that intensive research on them and consultation with experts should be considered.