• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.141-148
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• 2011

Pbjective : A significant proportion of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have regression characterized by loss of previously acquired skills. The purpose of this study was to compare demographic, clinical characteristics and autism-related symptomatology of the children who have regression with children who don't have regression. Methods : The subjects with ASD and their unaffected siblings (SIB) were recruited from the Korean Autism Genetic Study Consortium. Typically developing children (TC) were volunteered from community. The subjects were administered the Korean version of Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (K-ADI-R) and the Korean version of Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (K-ADOS) to diagnose or exclude ASD. Regression was defined on the basis of K-ADI-R data. The Korean version of Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale (K-VABS), Aberrant Behavior Checklist (K-ABC) and Social Responsiveness Scale (K-SRS) were obtained from their parents. Results : Regression occurred in 8.33% (n=14) of children with ASD (n=168). Any SIB (n=166) and TC (n=53) did not experience regression. Regression was associated with lower IQ and lower score of K-VABS. There was no difference in autism symptom severity and K-ABC, K-SRS scores, between children with ASD who experienced regression and who did not. Conclusion : Regression seems to be a distinctive feature of ASD. Regression is associated with cognitive and more general functions, rather than symptoms specific to autism.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.37-62
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• 2001

This study examined the qualities of an effective teacher needed to accomplish educational reform successfully and prepare for a rapidly changing knowledge-based society. To achieve the purpose of the study, the following specific questions were looked into; (1) knowledge, skills, attitude of an effective teacher. (2) a proposal for staff development programs to improve the effectiveness of teachers. (3) a proposal to support teachers' efforts to improve their effectiveness. (4) the factors inhibiting the improvement of teachers' effectiveness. In this study, 'in-depth interview' was used for data collection because the study deals with the "subjective consciousness" of teachers, and qualitative research methods are useful to such a case. The research was done on teachers from secondary schools in Pusan City. According to the teachers interviewed, an effective teacher needed in the new age has such knowledge, skills, and attitude as; (1) knowledge in their major, general culture and common sense, psychology of educational counselling, social science, and knowledge and information related to curriculum. (2) effective instruction skills, skills to guide student behavior, skills related to administrative clerical work, using the computers, extra curriculum activities, educational evaluation, using teaching materials, developing educational programs, and good communication skills. (3) attitude relevant to willingness to understand and converse with students at their cognitive level, positive expectations and concern toward students, democratic problem solving, continuous self-study and development, thoroughgoing mission and professionalism, will for educational reform and innovation, neat appearance and refined language, and successful interpersonal relationships. The teachers also said that the current staff development system, as a program to provide necessary qualities for teachers, has improved in the last 3 years through diverse curriculum and systematic programs. However, due to the problematic promotion system, the staff development program has turned into just a 'point collecting' game from the role of in-service training program; teachers take training courses as the means just collecting points for promotion purpose. Factors inhibiting the improvement of teachers are (1) overload of formal paperwork over emphasizing outcome, (2) mannerism of teachers not perceiving their lack of professionalism, (3) the general attitude in the teaching profession resisting change and reform, (4) supervisory activities lacking rigid regulation, (5) research just as the means of point-collection only for promotion, and (6) staff development programs lacking efficiency. These factors, interacting each other, inhibited the improvement of teachers.

• 재활치료과학
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.31-37
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• 2014

목적 : 본 연구는 국내 장기요양보험서비스를 제공받는 치매환자를 대상으로 다양한 분야에서 이루어진 작업 중심 회상치료 프로그램을 중재 적용한 연구 효과에 대해 검토해보고자 체계적 고찰을 시행하였다. 연구방법 : 2009년부터 2013년 까지 한국교원학술정보원을 통해서 확인되는 논문을 검색하였고 주요 검색용어로는 치매, 시설 서비스, 주간 보호 센터, 회상치료, 작업 중심 프로그램 등의 단어를 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 분석 결과 총 6편의 논문이 선정되었으며 선정된 연구에서의 회상치료는 모두 작업 중심 프로그램을 병행한 집단 회상치료이다. 세부 중재 형태는 의사소통 중심 회상치료, 작업 중심 회상치료로 크게 2가지 형태로 나눌 수 있었다. 치매 환자 대상의 회상치료의 효과는 인지기능 유지 및 회상기능 향상, 우울감소, 문제행동 감소, 의사소통 및 사회적 상호작용 향상, 삶의 질 향상 등 총 5가지 효과가 보고되었으며, 연구의 질적인 측면에서는 적은 대상군, 짧은 연구기간, 추적조사 미시행으로 인해 전반적으로 낮은 수준의 내적, 외적 타당도를 보였다. 결론 : 추후의 연구에서는 보다 많은 수의 대상군의 확보와 추적조사를 통한 지속적인 치료적 효과에 대한 연구가 이루어져야 할 것이며 치매환자 대상의 다양한 형태의 작업 중심 회상치료의 연구가 이루어져야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 감성과학
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.33-44
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• 2017

심리치료의 궁극적인 목표는 특정한 심리적 문제를 유발하는 근본적 원인을 파악하여 이를 수정하고 변화시키는 것이다. 본 연구는 이와 같은 관점에서 최근 사회적 문제로 급부상하고 있는 SNS 중독의 근본 원인을 파악해서 향후 심리치료 프로그램 개발에 도움을 제공하고자 한다. 본 연구는 선행 연구 개관을 통해서 부적응적 자기개념(예: 낮은 자기존중감), 부적응적 성격 특성(예: 강한 자기애), 그리고 강한 부정적 정서 경험(예: 높은 수준의 불안)이라는 SNS 중독의 표면적 원인을 파악하였다. 이후 본 연구는 선행 연구 개관을 기반으로 이들 표면적 원인 기저의 근본적 원인으로 인지적 차원의 초기 부적응 도식과 정서적 차원의 정서조절곤란을 도출하고 '초기 부적응 도식 ${\rightarrow}$ 정서조절곤란 ${\rightarrow}$ SNS 중독'이라는 심리적 부적응 기제를 개념적으로 제안하였다. SNS 중독의 고위험군인 20대를 대상으로 설문조사를 실시한 결과, 20대 여성 집단에서 이와 같은 심리적 부적응 기제가 나타났지만 20대 남성 집단에서는 '초기 부적응 도식 ${\rightarrow}$ SNS 중독'의 관계만 유의미한 것으로 밝혀졌다. 본 연구 결과는 20대 남녀의 초기 부적응 도식에 대한 인지치료나 20대 여성의 정서조절곤란에 대한 정서치료가 SNS 중독 치료에 실질적으로 도움이 될 수 있다는 함의를 제공한다.

• 감성과학
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.3-10
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 음료의 탁도와 맛의 교차-양상에 근거한 연상관계를 탐색하였다. 시각 자극물로 무채색의 막걸리와 탄산음료를 선정하였으며, 자극물은 각각 0.0625~32 g/L, 0.0078~4 g/L 범위 내에서 인지적 등간격을 이룰 수 있도록 열 단계로 나누어 제작하였다. 시각적 관능 평가 실험에서는 '단맛', '짠맛', '쓴맛', '신맛', '마시고 싶은' 기본 미각 형용사와 더불어, 막걸리와 관련된 '누룩향이 나는', '술맛이 나는', '산뜻한' 특징 미각 형용사와 탄산음료와 관련된 '부드러운', '톡 쏘는', '인공적인' 특징 미각 형용사를 선별하여 리커트 3점 척도로 평가하였다(N=35). 실험 결과 기본 미각에 대한 판단에 있어 막걸리는 탁도가 증가함에 따라 기본 맛이 더욱 강하게 느껴지는 반면, 탄산음료의 경우 '신맛'에서만 양의 상관관계가 관찰되었다. 특히 막걸리의 '마시고 싶은' 척도는 4.6~20 g/L 범위에서 가장 높이 관찰됐는데, 이는 시판되는 막걸리 탁도 범위와 일치하여 기억 탁도의 영향을 확인할 수 있었다. 음료 별 미각 형용사에 대해서는 '산뜻한' 맛과 '인공적인' 맛을 제외하고 두 음료 모두 탁도와 강한 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 본 연구의 결과를 바탕으로 음료의 미각적 경험을 공유할 때 탁도를 활용한다면, 각 음료가 추구하는 맛을 보다 효율적으로 소비자에게 전달할 수 있을 것으로 예상된다.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.240-253
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• 2016

본 연구는 외식전공 대학생의 외식산업분야 직업에 대한 인식을 파악하고, 응답자 특성에 따라 외식산업분야의 직업평가에 어떠한 차이를 보이는지 실증적으로 분석하였다. 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위하여 2014년 5월 19일부터 5월 30일까지 설문조사를 진행하여 211부를 SPSS 18.0을 이용하여 빈도분석, 탐색적 요인분석, 신뢰도분석, 상관관계분석, t-test, One way ANOVA를 시행하였다. 직업존중감에 대한 척도는 긍정적 가치, 사회적 평판, 부정적 대우, 상대적 효익으로 구성하였으며, 각 구성개념들은 통계적으로 유의한 타당성과 신뢰성을 확보하였다. 인구통계적 특성에 따른 직업존중감의 요인 별 차이를 분석한 결과, 성별에 따라 사회적 평판을 다르게 지각하고 있는 것을 확인하였고, 학년의 차이에 따라 긍정적 가치를 다르게 인식하고 있다는 것을 검증하였다. 또 전공에 따라 긍정적 가치와 부정적 대우에 대해 인지하는 정도가 다르다고 분석되었으며, 미래 희망직업에 따라 상대적 효익과 부정적 대우를 다르게 지각하고 있다는 것을 파악하였다. 이는 직업존중감이 높아지면 전공만족도와 진로결정수준이 높아진다는 선행연구의 결과에 따라 외식전공 대학생의 직업존중감을 높일 수 있는 방안을 모색해야 함을 시사하고 있다. 특히 외식산업분야 직업에 대해 가장 부정적으로 인식하고 있는 사회적 평판과 부정적 대우에 대한 보다 실질적인 개선책을 마련해야함을 강조하고자 한다.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈E:수학교육논문집
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.67-83
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• 2016

우리나라 수학교육에서 당면한 가장 큰 문제 중 하나가 수학 학습에서의 학생들의 인지적 영역과 정의적 영역의 심각한 불균형으로 인식되면서 이를 해소하기 위한 정의적 영역 요인 분석, 정의적 영역 측정 도구 개발, 정의적 영역 개선 방안 등에 대한 연구가 이루어지고 있다. 이 논문에서는 최근 11년간(2005~2015년) 한국학술지인용색인(KCI: Korea Citation Index) 등재(후보) 학술지에 실린 수학 학습에서의 정의적 영역 관련 논문 103편을 분석하고 관련된 논의와 이슈 동향을 파악하고, 연구 방향 설정 및 시사점을 모색하고자 하였다. 분석 결과, 수학 학습에서의 정의적 영역 관련 연구 편수가 특별히 증가하고 있지 않은 것으로 보아 사회적 관심도에 비해 학계의 관심이 다소 부족한 것으로 보인다. 연구 방법은 통계를 이용한 양적 연구가 가장 많이 활용되었으며, 연구 대상으로는 중학생을 대상으로 한 연구가 가장 많았고 초등학생 대상이 그 뒤를 이었다. 연구 주제는 수학 학습에서의 정의적 영역 요인 분석, 정의적 영역 인식 변화, 정의적 영역 측정 및 분석이 고르게 이루어졌으며, 특히 프로그램(활동, 문제해결 등) 적용에 따른 정의적 영역 변화(효과)에 대한 분석이 가장 많은 것으로 나타났다. 문화적 배경 요인들이 함께 고려된 수학 학습에서의 정의적 영역 인식 변화를 위한 집중적인 연구가 필요하다. 장기적인 안목에서 실효성 있는 방안 마련을 위해 교사, 학생, 학부모 등의 소통 공간이 필요할 것으로 보인다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.1055-1065
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to develop, through the integration of instructional theory, a Courseware and to investigate the effectiveness of a web-based computer assisted instruction(WBI) program for preventing drug abuse, a serious problem for youth problem. During the first stage of this study done "Drug Abuse Prevention" Courseware was developed based on, Gagn & Brigg's instructional design theory, Keller's ARCS theory and the CAI model of Hannafin & Peck. For the second stage, the courseware was used to provide education for students adolescents in drug abuse prevention. This study used an quasi-experimental, one-group pretest-posttest design with a convenience sample of 36 male high school students who were at one high school located in Seoul. Data were collected using self-reported questionnaires which included a learning achievement tool, the Keller's IMMS (Instructional Material Motivation Survey), on attitudes to drug use, and on responses to the WBI instruction. Prior to the experiment, the "drug abuse prevention" learning method and the procedures of the study were explained to the students, and then the learning achievement of the subjects was measured as a pretest. The students were then given 2 weeks WBI utilizing the courseware. A post-test which included the pre-test learning achievement questionnaire and a survey of learning motivation and attitudes toward drug were given two weeks after the education was completed. The data analysis was done using SPSS/PC. Paired t-test was used to analyze the differences between the pre-test and post-test scores for learning achievement. The results of the analysis are as follows: There were significant differences in learning achievement between the pre-test and post-test(t=-18.62, p=0.000). The hypothesis, that learning achievement will be higher, after the class has used the courseware, than before was supported. The scores for learning motivation and attitudes toward drugs were also higher than the results of existing studies. In conclusion, this study suggests that WBI is an effective learning method in the prevention of drug abuse for adolescents as it can be used for self-learning and repeated learning as assisted instruction. Recommendation would be given that further research needs to be develped in the courseware by cognitive learning style and by multimedia courseware and virtual reality system.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.820-832
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• 1996

The average smoking rate for Adults' in our country is 40.6% : It is 74.2% for men and 5.0% for women. Particularly, the smoking rate for men is reported higher than that of men in U.S.A. or Japan. Since the first report on the association between smoking and cancer appeared, 370 thousand smokers have succeeded in smoking cessation and over 90% of them have responded that they depended on a self-help smoking cessation approach. Despite this positive evidence about self- help approaches for smoking cessation, most studies on smoking cessation have focused on evaluation of formal treatment programs that are provided by clinics. Reports on the smoking cessation process used by smokers in our country could not be found. However, it is believed that the situation in our country would be quite similar to that in U.S.A. as far as approaches to successful smoking cessation are concerned. This study was conducted to classify the smoking stage to which they smoker belong and which changing mechanisms could be included at each changing stage (precontemplation stage, comtemplation stage, action stage) with a sample of 155 college students between 20 and 29 years old. And it also identified which variables related both to smoking pattern and to health, which ones were significantly discriminating in the changing stages. From the results of the data analysis it was found that Self-Determination is the most influential variable as one of the changning mechanisms which can discriminate three changing stages. And as the next significant mechanisms were Reinforcement, Dramatic Relief, Cognitive Restructuring, Helping Relationship, and Information Management in that order. Among variables related to the smoking pattern, years of regular smoking, whether smoking is continued or not even when they are sick, the number of attempts to stop smoking, number of cigarettes smoked per day, and whether they have smoked over 100 cigarettes up to now, but not the time of the first cigarette after waking-up, were the significant factors to descriminate changing stages. It was confirmed that among variables related to health that, perceived control for health, confidence of health maintence ability, and self confidence in smoking cessation, were significant variables in determinating changing stages. The most influential variables among them was self-confidence in smoking cessation. Conclusively, it was shown that smoking cessation is the process of attempting to change smoking habits through the various changing processes. Also it can be shown that a few factors smoking habit, self-confidence of smoking cessation, and belief in self control of his /her health, were influential in discriminating the changing stages of the smoking habit.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.808-819
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to examine the stressors and coping strategies of school -age children and to explore the relationship between stressful life events and health symptoms and the effects of coping and trait anxiety which is theoretically considered to mediate the relationship between stress and health symptom. The study subjects consisted of 639 elementary school children in the fourth to sixth grade living in Seoul. Of the 639 subjects, 348 were boys and 291 were girls. The mean age was 11.35 (SD=.86). The Feel Bad Scale(FBS), Schoolager's Coping Strategy Inventory(SCSI), Spielberger's Trait Anxiety Scale for Children(STAIC), and Health Symptom Questionnaire (HSQ) were adapted for this study. A pilot study was undertaken to ascertain the reliability and validity of the instruments. The Cronbach alphas of FBS, SCSI, STAIC and HSQ were from .81 to .92. The Researcher and a research assistant visited the school and data were collected in the class using the questionnaire method after an explanation of the purpose and procedures was given to the children. Data collection was done during the period between Nov.25 to Dec.19, 1995. Using the SAS statistical program, percentages, t-test, ANOVA, correlation analysis, and multiple regression were used for data analysis. The result are as follows : 1. The mean score for the FBS was 204.79(range : 48-472) and there was a significant difference according to grade. The most severe stressors perceived by children were parental divorce and death or illness of family members. The most frequently experienced stressful life events were conflict with siblings and being home alone. 2. The mean score for the SCSI was 57.36(range : 9-118) and there was a significant difference according to grade. The most frequently used, and perceived as helpful, coping strategies were distraction and cognitive activities. 3. The mean score for the HSQ were 20.7(range : 0-81) and there were significant differences according to grade and sex. The percentage of the children answering that they perceived their health state as not good was 3.9%. 4. The mean score for the STAIC was 33.76 and there were significant differences according to grade and sex. 5. There was a significant relationship between stressful life events and health symptoms ( r=.53, p<.01). Also, Stressful life events were postively related with coping strategies(r=.39, p<.01). Trait anxiety was highly correlated with health symptoms(r=.72, p<.01). 6. To examine the multivariate effects of the variables to health symptoms, multiple regression was performed. Stressful life events, coping, trait anxiety, and health concerns were identified as significant variables. Explanation of the health symptoms by these variables was 56.78%. The study revealed that stressful life events correlated with health symptoms in school-age children and coping and trait anxiety had mediating effects on this relationship. The implication for nursing is that there is a need to develop supportive interventions for high risk population to decrease health problems due to stress. Also, it is recommended that a study be conducted to explore protective factors for the prevention of health problems in children.