• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.3-10
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• 2017

This research investigated the cross-modal correspondence between the turbidity and taste of beverages. For an empirical study, we employed two types of achromatic beverages: rice wine and a soft drink. The turbidity of each drink varied between 0.0625~32 g/L, and 0.0078~4 g/L, respectively, and the stimuli were prepared in ten levels according to cognitive turbidity. In the study, participants (N=35) rated each drink stimulus using a 3-point Likert scale with regard to five basic tastes: sweet, salty, bitter, sour, and preferred. In addition, six specific tastes were included that deliberately describe rice wine and the soft drink. Three were yeasty, alcoholic, and astringent for the rice wine, and the other three were creamy, bubbly, and syrupy for the soft drink. Based on participants' assessments, the turbidity of rice wine is highly positively correlated with all five basic tastes. In contrast, the turbidity of the soft drink was positively correlated with sour only. Concerning preference, the most preferred turbidity of rice wine was 4.6~20 g/L, which is close to the turbidity of existing products on the market. Furthermore, except for astringent and syrupy, all tastes were influenced by the turbidity, which implies the potential of turbidity as a new visual parameter to communicate the taste experience of beverages.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.240-253
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• 2016

This study was undertaken to better understand the professional recognition of the food service industry of college students in food service realted majors based on characteristics of the respondents In order to achieve the purpose of the study, 211 questionnaire surveys were colelcted in the period from May 19 to May 30, 2014. The study conducted regression analysis by using SPSS Win18.0 package, for frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, analysis of reliability, correlation analysis tests, t-test, andone way ANOVA. Measure of occupation self-esteem, positive values, social reputation, negatively handled, relatively effectively configuration, each construct was to ensure reliable and statistically significant relevance. The results were analyzed by the difference factor of occupation self-esteem according to demographic characteristics, depending on gender, has confirmed that the perceived social reputation in a different way, depending on the differences in grade, to verify that you are aware of the positive values in a different way. Also Department has been analyzed with the degree of cognitive differ for positive values and negative treatment in accordance with, understand that it perceives the relative effects and negative treatment in accordance with the future desired profession in a different way. This suggests that there is a need to find ways to satisfaction and career decision level of major occupational self-esteem is high is to raise the occupational self-esteem major of food service industry college students based on the results of previous research get higher. In particular, I would like to emphasize that there is a need provide a substantial improvement on the negative treatment and the most negative recognize and social reputation is for the work of the food service industry.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.67-83
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• 2016

Correcting an imbalance between cognitive and affective aspects of mathematics in schools is recognized as a crucial issue with regards to mathematics education in Korea. Therefore, research and studies about affective aspects have been increasing and themes relating to affective aspects were diverse. Their theme included the improvement of affective aspect, investigation of factors of affective aspect, and development of measurement tools for affective aspect. The purpose of this study is to analyze and organize the research that has been done with respect to affective aspect and drive trend, implication, and their instruction to mathematics education. This study has investigated 103 studies released from 2005 to 2015 on KCI, Korea Citation Index. The results of this study are as follow. First, since released research of affective aspects in mathematics has not increased in number in the last 11 years, academic interest in the affective aspects seems lower than recent interest arousing in Korea. Second, most studies utilized quantitative research as a tool to analyze phenomena and the cause and effect of affective aspects. Third, middle school students were the most common subjects of the studies, followed by elementary school students. Fourth, the studies had various themes such as analyzing the cause and effect of affective aspect, recognizing changes of affective aspects, and measuring affective aspects. The studies, especially, focused most on analyzing how to improve affective aspects by applying it to programs such as mathematic activities and solving mathematic problems. It is necessary for future research to have a long-term perspective and to provide a space for communication. Research should not only focus on how recognize affective aspects differently, which is based on its cultural background, but also to draw affective solutions from them.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.1055-1065
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to develop, through the integration of instructional theory, a Courseware and to investigate the effectiveness of a web-based computer assisted instruction(WBI) program for preventing drug abuse, a serious problem for youth problem. During the first stage of this study done "Drug Abuse Prevention" Courseware was developed based on, Gagn & Brigg's instructional design theory, Keller's ARCS theory and the CAI model of Hannafin & Peck. For the second stage, the courseware was used to provide education for students adolescents in drug abuse prevention. This study used an quasi-experimental, one-group pretest-posttest design with a convenience sample of 36 male high school students who were at one high school located in Seoul. Data were collected using self-reported questionnaires which included a learning achievement tool, the Keller's IMMS (Instructional Material Motivation Survey), on attitudes to drug use, and on responses to the WBI instruction. Prior to the experiment, the "drug abuse prevention" learning method and the procedures of the study were explained to the students, and then the learning achievement of the subjects was measured as a pretest. The students were then given 2 weeks WBI utilizing the courseware. A post-test which included the pre-test learning achievement questionnaire and a survey of learning motivation and attitudes toward drug were given two weeks after the education was completed. The data analysis was done using SPSS/PC. Paired t-test was used to analyze the differences between the pre-test and post-test scores for learning achievement. The results of the analysis are as follows: There were significant differences in learning achievement between the pre-test and post-test(t=-18.62, p=0.000). The hypothesis, that learning achievement will be higher, after the class has used the courseware, than before was supported. The scores for learning motivation and attitudes toward drugs were also higher than the results of existing studies. In conclusion, this study suggests that WBI is an effective learning method in the prevention of drug abuse for adolescents as it can be used for self-learning and repeated learning as assisted instruction. Recommendation would be given that further research needs to be develped in the courseware by cognitive learning style and by multimedia courseware and virtual reality system.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.820-832
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• 1996

The average smoking rate for Adults' in our country is 40.6% : It is 74.2% for men and 5.0% for women. Particularly, the smoking rate for men is reported higher than that of men in U.S.A. or Japan. Since the first report on the association between smoking and cancer appeared, 370 thousand smokers have succeeded in smoking cessation and over 90% of them have responded that they depended on a self-help smoking cessation approach. Despite this positive evidence about self- help approaches for smoking cessation, most studies on smoking cessation have focused on evaluation of formal treatment programs that are provided by clinics. Reports on the smoking cessation process used by smokers in our country could not be found. However, it is believed that the situation in our country would be quite similar to that in U.S.A. as far as approaches to successful smoking cessation are concerned. This study was conducted to classify the smoking stage to which they smoker belong and which changing mechanisms could be included at each changing stage (precontemplation stage, comtemplation stage, action stage) with a sample of 155 college students between 20 and 29 years old. And it also identified which variables related both to smoking pattern and to health, which ones were significantly discriminating in the changing stages. From the results of the data analysis it was found that Self-Determination is the most influential variable as one of the changning mechanisms which can discriminate three changing stages. And as the next significant mechanisms were Reinforcement, Dramatic Relief, Cognitive Restructuring, Helping Relationship, and Information Management in that order. Among variables related to the smoking pattern, years of regular smoking, whether smoking is continued or not even when they are sick, the number of attempts to stop smoking, number of cigarettes smoked per day, and whether they have smoked over 100 cigarettes up to now, but not the time of the first cigarette after waking-up, were the significant factors to descriminate changing stages. It was confirmed that among variables related to health that, perceived control for health, confidence of health maintence ability, and self confidence in smoking cessation, were significant variables in determinating changing stages. The most influential variables among them was self-confidence in smoking cessation. Conclusively, it was shown that smoking cessation is the process of attempting to change smoking habits through the various changing processes. Also it can be shown that a few factors smoking habit, self-confidence of smoking cessation, and belief in self control of his /her health, were influential in discriminating the changing stages of the smoking habit.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.808-819
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to examine the stressors and coping strategies of school -age children and to explore the relationship between stressful life events and health symptoms and the effects of coping and trait anxiety which is theoretically considered to mediate the relationship between stress and health symptom. The study subjects consisted of 639 elementary school children in the fourth to sixth grade living in Seoul. Of the 639 subjects, 348 were boys and 291 were girls. The mean age was 11.35 (SD=.86). The Feel Bad Scale(FBS), Schoolager's Coping Strategy Inventory(SCSI), Spielberger's Trait Anxiety Scale for Children(STAIC), and Health Symptom Questionnaire (HSQ) were adapted for this study. A pilot study was undertaken to ascertain the reliability and validity of the instruments. The Cronbach alphas of FBS, SCSI, STAIC and HSQ were from .81 to .92. The Researcher and a research assistant visited the school and data were collected in the class using the questionnaire method after an explanation of the purpose and procedures was given to the children. Data collection was done during the period between Nov.25 to Dec.19, 1995. Using the SAS statistical program, percentages, t-test, ANOVA, correlation analysis, and multiple regression were used for data analysis. The result are as follows : 1. The mean score for the FBS was 204.79(range : 48-472) and there was a significant difference according to grade. The most severe stressors perceived by children were parental divorce and death or illness of family members. The most frequently experienced stressful life events were conflict with siblings and being home alone. 2. The mean score for the SCSI was 57.36(range : 9-118) and there was a significant difference according to grade. The most frequently used, and perceived as helpful, coping strategies were distraction and cognitive activities. 3. The mean score for the HSQ were 20.7(range : 0-81) and there were significant differences according to grade and sex. The percentage of the children answering that they perceived their health state as not good was 3.9%. 4. The mean score for the STAIC was 33.76 and there were significant differences according to grade and sex. 5. There was a significant relationship between stressful life events and health symptoms ( r=.53, p<.01). Also, Stressful life events were postively related with coping strategies(r=.39, p<.01). Trait anxiety was highly correlated with health symptoms(r=.72, p<.01). 6. To examine the multivariate effects of the variables to health symptoms, multiple regression was performed. Stressful life events, coping, trait anxiety, and health concerns were identified as significant variables. Explanation of the health symptoms by these variables was 56.78%. The study revealed that stressful life events correlated with health symptoms in school-age children and coping and trait anxiety had mediating effects on this relationship. The implication for nursing is that there is a need to develop supportive interventions for high risk population to decrease health problems due to stress. Also, it is recommended that a study be conducted to explore protective factors for the prevention of health problems in children.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.425-430
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• 2001

The Purpose of this study was to find the way of discriminating EEG for some mental activity. which are not characterized within linear spectral analysis but with non-linear analysis . We lave investigated the way of characterizing EEG changes during emotional and cognitive states in healthy volunteered subjects who responded to three designed status. in which the subjects were relaxing with ease and eyes closed. listening to music and computing a simple subtraction with eyes closed. Especially, we estimated EEG dimensional complexity by Skinner s Point-wise correlation dimension(PD2) method for each mental states. As a result it has been found that the subjects, who responded that the\ulcorner had concentrated well during the arithmetic task. show higher PD2 in their non-linear EEG measures. in comparison with the subjects who responded that they had not concentrated during the task This highness of PD2 is also significant in statistical analysis. A subject who had the highest score in evaluating the intensity of induced emotion during emotional task shows significantly lower PD2 in statistical analysis than other subjects who had lower scores. Linear spectral analysis was also performed on these data. However, they did not show and significant difference. Only non-linear dynamical analysis shows the significant different result on these mental status.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Health Society Conference
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• 2005.12a
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• pp.87-94
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• 2005

Results from previous studies revealed that metal level in the body is related to certain types of diseases. For example. serum copper level with chronic heart failure, iron and transferrin in the blood serum with acute cerebral vascular diseases, Zn in the CNS, lead with neurotoxicity, hypertension, genetic damage, arsenic with cancer skin lesion, Al with neurobehavioral function (cognitive impairment and memory disorder), and etc. The rate of stroke has increased in recent years and several metals were found to be responsible for causing stroke. This study compared several blood metal concentrations between stroke and non-stroke patients. Patients with stroke (116 samples) and non-stroke (111 samples including lowback pain and others) participated in this study. Total of 227 blood samples were collected and participants completed questionnaires regarding age, gender, occupation, residence, alcohol, smoking, and etc. To be qualified into the stroke group, patients have never experienced stroke previously. Subjects only included ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage patients diagnosed by brain CT and brain MRI. Patients with high risk of metal exposure such as herbal intake and job related exposure were excluded. 10ml of blood samples were analyzed by ICP-MS method at the Center of Nature and Science at Sangji University. Metal geometric mean (SD) concentrations in blood of study subjects showed higher values, 2.64-36.12%, than WHO reference values in Mn, Ni, Hg, Se, and As. Metal concentration in blood of stroke patients non-adjusted for potential confounders was higher except for Hg and also higher except for Ni in adjusted for potential confounders. Co was significantly higher in stroke patients (p=0.002) than non-stroke patients adjusted for potential confounders. Regression coefficient values of stroke patients was 0.17-8.25 in each metals. Odd ratio of stroke patients had 0.96 (Ni)-2.68 (Co) compared to non-stroke cases. This result means that Co increase of 1 raises the risk ratio of stroke by 2.86 times. Based on the results, metal concentration in blood seems to affect incidence of stroke.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.517-526
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• 2013

This thesis revolves around dual sensory therapy techniques using perception arts group counseling program focused on Popcorn Brain phenomenon. The program emphasizes intrinsic motivations for changes by activating the brain's dual sensory such as a sense of smell, tactile sensation and vision to deal with brain issues caused by digital devices addiction. Perception arts group counseling program is based on voluntary satisfaction of relationship desires, which can lead to a sense of accomplishment and belonging. Expression methods using dual sensory were presented as an alternative to resolving digital devices addiction by blending cognitive-behavioral counseling technique and group art therapy technique. The blending method offers an environment that can maintain a change to a senseless and lackluster brian due to excessive uses of digital devices, the main cause of Popcorn Brain, by emphasizing "thoughts${\rightarrow}$emotions${\rightarrow}$behavior" with a structural expression approach. If perception arts group counseling program is established in more systematic fashion and used strategically to offer such environment, it may be used as a treatment for brain issues described above. In addition, the program can be used a basis for encouraging voluntary treatment to satisfy relationship desires.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.137-148
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• 2010

This study was conducted on 175 child-care teachers, who participated in in-service education, to research the methods to improve child-care teacher's nutrition management capability for infants and children. Investigated results of child-care teachers' nutrition knowledge, dietary attitude status, and needs on nutrition education in child-care centers are as follows: The score of child-care teachers' nutrition knowledge was 10.83 points out of 15, which is about 72%. Total score increased as teachers' age but not significantly different from their career duration, since teachers who have a child-care career less than 5 years acquired 10.91 points, which is higher than 10.64 points of teachers having more than 5 years of child-care career. Teachers' average recognition to the nutrition knowledge was 90.6%, increased significantly by the older they are, and decreased according to the accumulation of their career. The average accuracy of the nutrition knowledge was 79.7%, increased in proportion to the teachers' age. The marks of child-care teachers' dietary attitude were 41.3 points (possible score range 5-50) and 83%, older teachers tended to have more desirable dietary attitude. As indicated by the increment of child-care career, the score of emotional attitude tended to be increased but which of cognitive and behavioral attitude showed a declining tendency. Nutrition information which child-care teachers were mainly interested in were correct selection of food (58.1%), obesity and weight management (52.7%), and nutrient content of food (44.9%). Nutrition education contents which child-care teachers needed were 'nutritious food and menu for child' (72.2%), 'health management of child' (69.2%) and meal management of child (40.2%). Nutrition education methods, which child-care teachers considered as of desirable ones, were cooking class of small scale (31.8%), visiting class at child-care center (26.5%). In consequence, the nutrition knowledge and dietary attitude of child-care teachers were not good and showed different issues by age and career duration. Therefore, it is requisite to intensify nutrition management courses in child-care teachers' qualification and in-service education courses which has actual necessity and suitability based on teachers' age, career, and the type of child-care center, and to disseminate these through public health centers and child-care & education information centers to pursue the efficient balance of nutrition education programs.