• Title/Summary/Keyword: coding training

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Comparative Analysis of Deep Learning Researches for Compressed Video Quality Improvement (압축 영상 화질 개선을 위한 딥 러닝 연구에 대한 분석)

  • Lee, Young-Woon;Kim, Byung-Gyu
    • Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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    • v.24 no.3
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    • pp.420-429
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    • 2019
  • Recently, researches using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)-based approaches have been actively conducted to improve the reduced quality of compressed video using block-based video coding standards such as H.265/HEVC. This paper aims to summarize and analyze the network models in these quality enhancement studies. At first the detailed components of CNN for quality enhancement are overviewed and then we summarize prior studies in the image domain. Next, related studies are summarized in three aspects of network structure, dataset, and training methods, and present representative models implementation and experimental results for performance comparison.

A Study on Software Education Donation Model for the Social Care Class

  • Lee, Won Joo
    • Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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    • v.24 no.1
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    • pp.239-246
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    • 2019
  • In this paper, we propose an effective software education donation model for the social care class. The types of software education for elementary, middle, and high school for the social care class are in the order of after school classes, club activities, creative experiences, and regular classes. In elementary school students, it is effective to precede visual programming education based on block coding and to conduct curriculum convergence with SW and HW at the beginning, and high school students are carrying out text programming education like Python. Software education for social care class The contribution activity model can be classified into five types such as geographically difficult area, multicultural family areas, orphanage, reformatory, and basic livelihood security recipient. In addition, the survey results show that the students' interest in software education and their satisfaction are all very high at 96%. Effective software education for the social care class In the donation model, the lecturers consist of responsible professors, lecturers, and assistant instructors. Software training for the social care class is effective on a year-by-year basis, so that students can feel authenticity and trust. Software education contents focus on visual programming and physical computing education in elementary or middle school, and text programming and physical computing education in high school. It is necessary to construct a software education donor matching system that helps efficient management of software education donations by efficiently matching schools (consumers: elementary, middle, high school) and software education donors(suppliers).

A Study on Instructional Design and Effectiveness for Solving Real Life Problems based on Design Thinking (디자인 사고 기반 실생활 문제 해결을 위한 수업 설계 및 효과성 연구)

  • Bo Kyung Park
    • The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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    • v.9 no.1
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    • pp.471-478
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    • 2023
  • Teaching and learning research is essential to prepare for the era of the 4th industrial revolution. We must strengthen the creative educational capabilities of prospective teachers by improving the curriculum and teaching-learning model of teacher training colleges. Future education should foster creative thinking based on communication and collaboration. In this study, we improved the future teaching and learning model and applied it to actual classes. In addition, we verified the effectiveness by conducting pre- and post-surveys on the capabilities of future creative teachers. The survey consists of common satisfaction questions and questions about future creative teacher capabilities. As a result of the analysis, we confirmed that the capacity of future creative teachers increased.

Joint Training of Neural Image Compression and Super Resolution Model (신경망 이미지 부호화 모델과 초해상화 모델의 합동훈련)

  • Cho, Hyun Dong;Kim, YeongWoong;Cha, Junyeong;Kim, DongHyun;Lim, Sung Chang;Kim, Hui Yong
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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    • 2022.06a
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    • pp.1191-1194
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    • 2022
  • 인터넷의 발전으로 수많은 이미지와 비디오를 손쉽게 이용할 수 있게 되었다. 이미지와 비디오 데이터의 양이 기하급수적으로 증가함에 따라, JPEG, HEVC, VVC 등 이미지와 비디오를 효율적으로 저장하기 위한 부호화 기술들이 등장했다. 최근에는 인공신경망을 활용한 학습 기반 모델이 발전함에 따라, 이를 활용한 이미지 및 비디오 압축 기술에 관한 연구가 빠르게 진행되고 있다. NNIC (Neural Network based Image Coding)는 이러한 학습 가능한 인공신경망 기반 이미지 부호화 기술을 의미한다. 본 논문에서는 NNIC 모델과 인공신경망 기반의 초해상화(Super Resolution) 모델을 합동훈련하여 기존 NNIC 모델보다 더 높은 성능을 보일 수 있는 방법을 제시한다. 먼저 NNIC 인코더(Encoder)에 이미지를 입력하기 전 다운 스케일링(Down Scaling)으로 쌍삼차보간법을 사용하여 이미지의 화소를 줄인 후 부호화(Encoding)한다. NNIC 디코더(Decoder)를 통해 부호화된 이미지를 복호화(Decoding)하고 업 스케일링으로 초해상화를 통해 복호화된 이미지를 원본 이미지로 복원한다. 이때 NNIC 모델과 초해상화 모델을 합동훈련한다. 결과적으로 낮은 비트량에서 더 높은 성능을 볼 수 있는 가능성을 보았다. 또한 합동훈련을 함으로써 전체 성능의 향상을 보아 학습 시간을 늘리고, 압축 잡음을 위한 초해상화 모델을 사용한다면 기존의 NNIC 보다 나은 성능을 보일 수 있는 가능성을 시사한다.

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Consumer Awareness and Evaluation of Retailers' Social Responsibility: An Exploratory Approach into Ethical Purchase Behavior from a U.S Perspective (소비자인지도화령수상사회책임(消费者认知度和零售商社会责任): 종미국시각출발적도덕구매행위적탐색성연구(从美国视角出发的道德购买行为的探索性研究))

  • Lee, Min-Young;Jackson, Vanessa P.
    • Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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    • v.20 no.1
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    • pp.49-58
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    • 2010
  • Corporate social responsibility has become a very important issue for researchers (Greenfield, 2004; Maignan & Ralston, 2002; McWilliams et al., 2006; Pearce & Doh 2005), and many consider it necessary for businesses to define their role in society and apply social and ethical standards to their businesses (Lichtenstein et al., 2004). As a result, a significant number of retailers have adopted CSR as a strategic tool to promote their businesses. To this end, this study sought to discover U.S. consumers' attitudes and behavior in ethical purchasing and consumption based on their subjective perception and evaluation of a retailer. The objectives of this study include: 1) determine the participants awareness of retailers corporate social responsibility; 2) assess how participants evaluate retailers corporate social responsibility; 3) examine whether participants evaluation process of retailers CSR influence their attitude toward the retailer; and 4) assess if participants attitude toward the retailers CSR influence their purchase behavior. This study does not focus on actual retailers' CSR performance because a consumer's decision making process is based on an individual assessment not an actual fact. This study examines US college students' awareness and evaluations of retailers' corporate social responsibility (CSR). Fifty six college students at a major Southeastern university participated in the study. The age of the participants ranged from 18 to 26 years old. Content analysis was conducted with open coding and focused coding. Over 100 single-spaced pages of written responses were collected and analyzed. Two steps of coding (i.e., open coding and focused coding) were conducted (Esterberg, 2002). Coding results and analytic memos were used to understand participants' awareness of CSR and their ethical purchasing behavior supported through the selection and inclusion of direct quotes that were extracted from the written responses. Names used here are pseudonyms to protect confidentiality of participants. Participants were asked to write about retailers, their aware-ness of CSR issues, and to evaluate a retailer's CSR performance. A majority (n = 28) of respondents indicated their awareness of CSR but have not felt the need to act on this issue. Few (n=8) indicated that they are aware of this issue but not greatly concerned. Findings suggest that when college students evaluate retailers' CSR performance, they use three dimensions of CSR: employee support, community support, and environmental support. Employee treatment and support were found as an important criterion in evaluation of retailers' CSR. Respondents indicated that their good experience with a retailer as an employee made them have a positive perception and attitude toward the retailer. Regarding employee support four themes emerged: employee rewards and incentives based on performance, working environment, employee education and training program, and employee and family discounts. Well organized rewards and incentives were mentioned as an important attribute. The factors related to the working environment included: how well retailers follow the rules related to working hours, lunch time and breaks was also one of the most mentioned attributes. Regarding community support, three themes emerged: contributing a percentage of sales to the local community, financial contribution to charity organizations, and events for community support. Regarding environments, two themes emerged: recycling and selling organic or green products. It was mentioned in the responses that retailers are trying to do what they can to be environmentally friendly. One respondent mentioned that the company is creating stores that have an environmentally friendly design. Information about what the company does to help the environment can easily be found on the company’s website as well. Respondents have also noticed that the stores are starting to offer products that are organic and environmentally friendly. A retailer was also mentioned by a respondent in this category in reference to how the company uses eco-friendly cups and how they are helping to rebuild homes in New Orleans. The respondents noticed that a retailer offers reusable bags for their consumers to purchase. One respondent stated that a retailer uses its products to help the environment, through offering organic cotton. After thorough analysis of responses, we found that a participant's evaluation of a retailers' CSR influenced their attitudes towards retailers. However, there was a significant gap between attitudes and purchasing behavior. Although the participants had positive attitudes toward retailers CSR, the lack of funds and time influenced their purchase behavior. Overall, half (n=28) of the respondents mentioned that CSR performance affects their purchasing decisions making when shopping. Findings from this study provide support for retailers to consider their corporate social responsibility when developing their image with the consumer. This study implied that consumers evaluate retailers based on employee, community and environmental support. The evaluation, attitude and purchase behavior of consumers seem to be intertwined. That is, evaluation is based on the knowledge the consumer has of the retailers CSR. That knowledge may influence their attitude toward the retailer and thus influence their purchase behavior. Participants also indicated that having CSR makes them think highly of the retailer, but it does not influence their purchase behavior. Price and convenience seem to surpass the importance of CSR among the participants. Implications, recommendations for future research, and limitations of the study are also discussed.

Mutual Maturity Process between Client-Therapist in Music and Imagery Session: Therapist's Point of View (음악과 심상 세션에서 내담자-치료사간 상호 성장의 과정: 치료사의 관점에서)

  • Kim, Kyoung Sook
    • Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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    • v.9 no.2
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    • pp.35-52
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    • 2012
  • The purpose of the study was to prospect for mutual maturity between therapist-client in Music and Imagery music therapy session from therapists' points of view. Qualitative data has been collected by in-depth interview of therapist-client mutual maturity process, then analysed with grounded theories. The questions of the study were to ask process of mutual maturity experienced by music and imagery therapist and meaning of the experience itself. Therapists ware to answer the moment of mutual maturity, realization and meaning of mutual maturity process through semi-structured in-depth interview. The four therapists who participated in the interview are certified MIT(Music & Imagery Therapist) by Lisa Summer and currently in training GIM. From the in-depth interview, 81 concepts have been collected and have been divided into 20 categories in open coding, then rearranged into 9 categories in axis coding. To explain music and imagery therapists' maturity process through grounded theory paradigm, as a result, the main phenomenon of experience was 'to deal with counter-transference'. When dealing their counter-transference, therapists experienced their maturity process. Supervision and musical/non-musical self-reflection are also used for interactive intervention medium. So, maturity of therapists leads to knowing and accepting herself and mature therapists are able to help clients mature.

Review on Artificial Intelligence Education for K-12 Students and Teachers (K-12 학생 및 교사를 위한 인공지능 교육에 대한 고찰)

  • Kim, Soohwan;Kim, Seonghun;Lee, Minjeong;Kim, Hyeoncheol
    • The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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    • v.23 no.4
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    • pp.1-11
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    • 2020
  • The purpose of this study is to propose the direction of AI education in K-12 education through investigating and analyzing aspects of the purpose, content, and methods of AI education as the curriculum and teacher training factors. We collected and analyzed 9 papers as the primary literature and 11 domestic and foreign policy reports as the secondary literature. The collected literatures were analyzed by applying a descriptive reviews, and the implications were derived by analyzing the curriculum components and TPACK elements for multi-dimensional analysis. As a result of this study, AI education targets were divided into three steps: AI users, utilizer, and developers. In K-12 education, the user and utilizer stages are appropriate, and artificial intelligence literacy must be included for user education. Based on the current computing thinking ability and coding ability for utilizer education, the implication was derived that it is necessary to target the ability to create creative output by applying the functions of artificial intelligence. In addition to the pedagogical knowledge and the ability to use the platform, The teacher training is necessary because teachers need content knowledge such as problem-solving, reasoning, learning, perception, and some applied mathematics, cognitive / psychological / ethical of AI.

A Survey of Elementary school teachers' perceptions of mathematics instruction (수학수업에 대한 초등교사의 인식 조사)

  • Kwon, Sungyong
    • Education of Primary School Mathematics
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    • v.20 no.4
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    • pp.253-266
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    • 2017
  • The purpose of the study was to investigate the perceptions of Elementary school teachers on mathematics instruction. To do this, 7 test items were developed to obtain data on teacher's perception of mathematics instruction and 73 teachers who take mathematical lesson analysis lectures were selected and conducted a survey. Since the data obtained are all qualitative data, they were analyzed through coding and similar responses were grouped into the same category. As a result of the survey, several facts were found as follow; First, When teachers thought about 'mathematics', the first words that come to mind were 'calculation', 'difficult', and 'logic'. It is necessary for the teacher to have positive thoughts on mathematics and mathematics learning, and this needs to be stressed enough in teacher education and teacher retraining. Second, the reason why mathematics is an important subject is 'because it is related to the real life', followed by 'because it gives rise to logical thinking ability' and 'because it gives rise to mathematical thinking ability'. These ideas are related to the cultivating mind value and the practical value of mathematics. In order for students to understand the various values of mathematics, teachers must understand the various values of mathematics. Third, the responses for reasons why elementary school students hate mathematics and are hard are because teachers demand 'thinking', 'because they repeat simple calculations', 'children hate complicated things', 'bother', 'Because mathematics itself is difficult', 'the level of curriculum and textbooks is high', and 'the amount of time and activity is too much'. These problems are likely to be improved by the implementation of revised 2015 national curriculum that emphasize core competence and process-based evaluation including mathematical processes. Fourth, the most common reason for failing elementary school mathematics instruction was 'because the process was difficult' and 'because of the results-based evaluation'. In addition, 'Results-oriented evaluation,' 'iterative calculation,' 'infused education,' 'failure to consider the level difference,' 'lack of conceptual and principle-centered education' were mentioned as a failure factor. Most of these factors can be changed by improving and changing teachers' teaching practice. Fifth, the responses for what does a desirable mathematics instruction look like are 'classroom related to real life', 'easy and fun mathematics lessons', 'class emphasizing understanding of principle', etc. Therefore, it is necessary to deeply deal with the related contents in the training courses for the improvement of the teachers' teaching practice, and it is necessary to support not only the one-time training but also the continuous professional development of teachers.

A Study on Analysis of Importance-Performance on Teacher Librarians' Competencies (사서교사 직무 역량에 대한 중요도·만족도 분석)

  • Lee, Seung-Min;Lim, Jeong-Hoon;Kang, Bong-Suk;Lee, Byeong-Kee
    • Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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    • v.52 no.3
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    • pp.177-196
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    • 2021
  • The purpose of this study is to analyze priorities of competencies and to find the direction of development of teacher librarian training and retraining program. A total of 238 subjects were used for the final analysis. They were analayzed using IPA, Borich's needs analysis and the Locus for Focus model. As a result, First, teacher librarians perceived that the importance and performance of teacher and manager competency were higher than information specialist and cooperative leader. Second, they needed competencies of data-science, coding, Internet of Things in the field of information specialist as changing educational environment. Third, they needed competencies of information ethics, copyright instruction, and digital and media literacy education in the field of teacher. Fourth, they needed competencies of facility designing for future education, online and offline school library marketing skills, and establishment of makerspaces and learning commons in the field of ibrary manager. Fifth, they needed competencies of library based instruction, library cooperative instruction, and building a collection related to subject in the field of cooperative leader. Sixth, the highest required competency for teacher librarians was suggested for teacher librarians' role area.

Development of Block-based Code Generation and Recommendation Model Using Natural Language Processing Model (자연어 처리 모델을 활용한 블록 코드 생성 및 추천 모델 개발)

  • Jeon, In-seong;Song, Ki-Sang
    • Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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    • v.26 no.3
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    • pp.197-207
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    • 2022
  • In this paper, we develop a machine learning based block code generation and recommendation model for the purpose of reducing cognitive load of learners during coding education that learns the learner's block that has been made in the block programming environment using natural processing model and fine-tuning and then generates and recommends the selectable blocks for the next step. To develop the model, the training dataset was produced by pre-processing 50 block codes that were on the popular block programming language web site 'Entry'. Also, after dividing the pre-processed blocks into training dataset, verification dataset and test dataset, we developed a model that generates block codes based on LSTM, Seq2Seq, and GPT-2 model. In the results of the performance evaluation of the developed model, GPT-2 showed a higher performance than the LSTM and Seq2Seq model in the BLEU and ROUGE scores which measure sentence similarity. The data results generated through the GPT-2 model, show that the performance was relatively similar in the BLEU and ROUGE scores except for the case where the number of blocks was 1 or 17.