• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.15-23
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• 2008

This study is on encapsulation of a new whitening agent, LA-PEG using solid lipid nanoparticle(SLN) method, one of nanoparticle preparation method. Classical method has high capsulation efficiency for hydrophobic compounds but has demerit of low capsulation efficiency($2{\sim}3%$) for hydrophilic compounds. Purpose of this study is preparation of SLN that has higher skin penetration effect compared with general liposome, and also has higher encapsulation efficiency of hydrophilic compounds. For SLN preparation, coconut oil, macadamia oil, and jojoba oil were used. As a result, SLN preparation using coconut oil(include LA-PEG) has the most high encapsulation efficiency and also has the smallest average particle size(270 nm). SLN prepared with macadamia oil and 1% of Tween 60 has the largest particle size. Base made with coconut oil and 2% of Tween 60 showed the fastest release and base made with macadamia oil and 2% of Tween 20 showed the latest release.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.92-97
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• 2018

The antioxidant activities and quality characteristics of Matcha (powdered green tea) spreads containing coconut milk were evaluated. Matcha spreads containing coconut milk was prepared with different amounts (0, 4, 8, 12, and 16 g) of Matcha, and indicated as S1, S2, S3, S4 and S5, respectively. The moisture content, viscosity, color, pH and sugar content were influenced by the concentration of Matcha. Total phenolic content and total flavonoid content of Matcha were found to be 226 mg GAE/g and 809.42 mg QE/g respectively. Also, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity and reducing power of Matcha was found to be $5.76{\mu}g/mL$ ($IC_{50}$) and 2.26 O.D., respectively. The antioxidant activities of the Matcha spreads containing coconut milk increased with increasing concentration of Matcha. Sensory evaluation indicated that S3 (8 g) was the most preferred in terms of color, taste, texture, and overall acceptance. Based on these results, it is suggested that S3 (8 g) was appropriate for achieving good quality coconut milk based spread containing Matcha.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.9-13
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• 2010

This study was conducted to identify the possibility of utilization of coconut substrates for nutrition culture of cut-chrysanthemum. The materials of substrate were composed of dust, fiber, and chip from coco-nut fruit. Dust was used in dust (100%), and dust+chip and +fiber were used in the ratio of 7:3 (v:v), respectively, as coconut mixture substrate. Perlite was used as control in this experiment. Water content in the perlite medium was lower than in dust substrate. The pH of all coconut substrates ranged from 6.5 to 5.8, whereas perlite substrate ranged from 7.3 to 6.7. While, EC of dust substrates shown to be highest but perlite substrate was lowest. The growth of chrysanthemum such as stem length, leaf area, and dry matter showed better results in coconut substrates than that of perlite and dust. However, there was no differences days to in flowering among treatments.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bio-Environment Control Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.230-234
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• 2007

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.586-596
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• 1998

The relevance and importance of buffalo production under coconut plantations in the North Westen Province of Sri Lanka was studied in three districts (Bingiriya, Pannala, Kuliyapitiya). The objective of the study was to collect baseline information on socioeconomic and cultural aspects of buffalo production, with a view to promote and disseminate new technologies. The survey technique used consisted of a formal survey using a structured questionnaire (71 households) and rapid appraisal (55 households). The results indicate the existence of a wide stratification of dariy farmers which ranged from skilled dairy operators with high levels of production and management of efficiency to marginal subsistence farmers with low levels of productivity. The most frequent family size of households ranged from 4-5 members (58%), and the average family size was 4.7. The actual average land ownership accounts to 2.4 ha of upland and 0.5 ha of lowland, but when their accessibility to common property resources are taken into account, the land availability was assessed at 13 ha and 0.7 ha of upland and lowland, respectively. The highest average monthly income (Rs. 13,590) was received by farmers with off-farm employment (primary) who are also engaged in livestock production (secondary), and livestock contributed 43% of the total income. Livestock farmers who practised integrated crop farming as a secondary source of income received a monthly income of Rs. 10,843, and those involved in crop production as the primary source received the lowest average income (Rs. 7,295). The survey revealed a high investment cost on concentrate feeds (47%) for milk production. However some farmers obtained higher milk yields (11 litres/cow/day) at lower ration costs, and this could be attributed to the entrepreneurship skills and management efficiency. The study area had a well developed market infrastructure for fresh milk, principally due to the existence of the Nestle's company and the Coconut Triangle Milk Union. On an average the producer collected Rs. 10 per litre of milk marketed.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.117-124
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• 2015

Currently, Eco-friendly construction materials are widely utilized for reducing $CO_2$ emission in construction. Furthermore various engineering fibers are also added for improving a brittle behavior in concrete. In the paper, concrete specimens with 10% and 20% replacement ratio with RHA (Rice Husk Ash) are prepared, and engineering behaviors in RHA and OPC concrete are evaluated with different addition of coconut fiber from 0.125~0.375% of volume ratio. Several basic tests including compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength, impact resistance, and bond strength are performed, and crack width and deflections are also measured in flexural test. RHA is evaluated to be very effective in strength development and 0.125% of fiber addition leads significant improvement in tensile strength, ductility, and crack resistance. RHA and coconut fiber are effective construction material both for reutilization of limited resources and performance improvement in normal concrete.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.105-108
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• 2005

Main materials used as media for oyster mushroom cultivation are pine sawdust, beet pulp, cotton seed pomace. Increases in the price and the unbalance of demand and supply of cotton seed pomace was often damage to oyster mushroom cultivation farm, so we investigated agricultural by-product to replace the cotton seed pomace for bottle cultivation of oyster mushroom. Treatment of coconut oil meal or coconut pomace delayed incubation period about 3 days compared with cotton seed waste treatment(control), but yield and income index showed similar to each other in three treatment. Consequently coconut oil meal and coconut pomace could select for cotton seed pomace substitute.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.861-868
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• 2012

During two years, four samples per year were collected in Vietnam from rice bran, cassava residue, brewer's grain, tofu residue, soybean meal, coconut cake, sweet potato vines and water spinach for chemical analysis and assessment of water holding capacity (WHC). The selected feedstuffs represent fibre-rich plant sources and agro-industry co-products commonly used in pig feeding in Vietnam. The content (g/kg DM) of crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE) and non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) varied between feedstuffs and ranged from 21 to 506 for CP, from 14 to 118 for EE and from 197 to 572 for NSP. Cassava residue had a high starch content of 563 g/kg DM, while sweet potato vines, water spinach, coconut cake and soybean meal had a high content of sugars (63-71 g/kg DM). The content of individual neutral sugars varied between feed ingredients, with the highest content of arabinose, galactose and glucose in tofu residue, the highest content of xylose in brewer's grain and the highest content of mannose in coconut cake. The content of uronic acid was high for cassava residue, tofu residue, sweet potato vines and water spinach (57-88 g/kg DM). The content of soluble non-cellulosic polysaccharides (S-NCP) was positively correlated ($r^2$ = 0.82) to the WHC. The content (g/kg DM) of CP, NDF, neutral sugars, total NSP, total NCP, S-NCP and total dietary fibre in tofu residue, water spinach and coconut cake varied (p<0.05) between years. In conclusion, diet formulation to pigs can be improved if the variation in chemical composition of the fibre fraction and in WHC between potential feed ingredients is taken into account.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.52-60
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• 2010

We investigated temporal changes of growth of hydrophytes, aquatic biota and absorption of nutrient depending on planting mat type (synthetic fiber, coconut fiber) of artificial vegetation island (AVI) through pilot test using AVI miniatures in Kyungan Stream area of Lake Paldang. There were not significant differences of the water quality parameters (DO, pH, conductivity, turbidity, temperature), phytoplankton and zooplankton abundance among AVI miniatures and control station. The benthic macroinvertebrates showed most individual numbers in the miniature which was made by synthetic fiber and planted with Phragmites australis. The average and maximum height of hydrophytes in AVI miniatures was similar except one miniature where Phragmites australis was planted in synthetic fiber mat and grew more slowly. The adsorbed amount of nutrients and microbes in coconut fiber mat were larger than those in synthetic fiber mat regardless of trophic state of installed waterbody. The continuous increase of adsorbed amount of nutrients and microbes of coconut fiber mat for 8 months in an oligotrophic lake indicates that coconut fiber mat is suitable for the planting mat of AVI in an oligotrophic lake where nutrients are limited for growth of hydrophytes.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.412-422
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• 2019

The present study reports the morphological and molecular characterization of the fungal strain, CMSS06 and evaluates its raw starch hydrolyzing ability in four different agricultural substrates (rice bran, banana peel, cassava tubers, and coconut water). The potential use of each agricultural substrate to replace the expensive fermentation media was evaluated with six different fermentation media: rice bran (RB), banana peel (BP), cassava starch (CS), cassava in coconut water (CSCW), cassava in modified coconut water (CMCW), and pure Coconut water (CW). The fungal strain CMSS06 was identified as Thielaviopsis ethacetica by the analysis of the ITS sequences. The T. ethacetica alpha amylase enzyme exhibited maximum alpha amylase activity at 72 h, pH 7.0, and $40^{\circ}C$ on soluble starch. This species resulted in the highest enzyme activity (mU/ml) of 26.06, 10.89, 58.82, 14.2, and 54.67 with the RB, BP, CS, CSCW, and CMCW fermentation media, respectively. The results indicate that CS can be used as a carbon substrate and CMCW can be used to accelerate the fermentation by T. ethacetica. The enzyme was partially purified by 40-60% ammonium sulphate fraction, and it showed total enzyme activity, total protein content, specific activity, purification fold, and a recovery of 2400 mU, 30 mg, 80 mU/mg, 2.7, and 71.1%, respectively. The molecular mass of the T. ethacetica alpha amylase was estimated on SDS-PAGE, and two bands around 50 kDa and 70 kDa were identified. The present study implies that T. ethacetica can produce alpha amylase, and it can be used to hydrolyze raw starch during the fermentation processes.