• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.134-146
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• 2008

This study measured the body parts of female adults in their 20s, 40s and 60s living in Japan and analyzed and examined the measures by age group in order to provide the basic data required for the somatics study of Koreans living abroad. The subjects were 304 women in their 20s, 40s and 60s born in Japan and living in Osaka at present, and 81 items were measured. The major results of this study are described below. All women in their 20s, 40s and 60s showed significant differences in weight, waist size and abdominal size. The 19 height items of which group were different from the measurements of the women in their 60s. All 20 length items displayed a significant difference by age group. The significant differences by age group were also observed in eight items of 12 width items, 10 items of 13 thickness items and 13 items of 14 girth items except the ankle girth. The weight measurements had a significant difference by age group(${\le}0.05$). The women in their 20s, 40s and 60s revealed almost similar values in the shoulder angles. As a result of the analysis above, the items that were considered being included in the obesity items in all age groups displayed significant personal differences. The women in their 20s had the largest sizes in the length and height items. The older the age, the higher the measures of width and girth items were. Those results helped to estimate the change of figures by torso by age.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.995-1006
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• 2004

This study examines the effects of clothing style and the order effect on impression formation. The instrument of this study consisted of response scales and stimuli. Fifty-one items of 7-point semantic differential scales, 9 items of demographic traits, and 4 items of subjective evaluation scales were developed. Stimuli were color pictures of a model wearing each of two clothing styles(mannish style, feminine style). The sample include 56 male and female subjects in their twenties and thirties. The experimental design was within-subject design and the half of the sample responded to the mannish style first and the other half responded to the feminine style first. Responses to the semantic differential scales were factor analyzed, and seven factors were identified: intellectuality, sensibility, activity, modesty, competence, display, keenness. There were significant differences between mannish style and feminine style in impression of wearer＇s age, job, and physical attractiveness as well as wearer＇s intellectuality and sensibility. It was revealed that the first impression and second impression of wearer＇s intellectuality, sensibility, modesty, competence, display were differed by the function of the order of stimuli shown to the subjects. Both primacy effect and recency effect of order effect were confirmed, and especially negativity effect was influenced prominently on impression formation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.621-634
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• 2011

This study analyzed the influencing factors on consumer purchase deferrals for internet clothing shopping. In addition, based on consumer demographics, it compared the differences of purchase deferrals with respect to clothing items, prices, and types of shopping malls. For an empirical study, 405 questionnaires were answered by respondents in their 20s and 30s with internet clothing purchase deferral experience. Data were analyzed using: SPSS for Windows 12.0 and descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, factor analysis, $X^2$-test, and regression analysis. The results of this study were as follows. First, the order of items with many purchase deferrals in internet clothing shopping were casual T-shirt>casual skirts>pants, one-piece>suits>sportswear>blouse/shirts and 58.3% of purchase deferrals happened when the price was below \50,000. Second, the significant differences in products, prices, and shopping malls for purchase deferrals were identified according to consumer demographics. There were significant differences in clothing items according to gender, age, marriage, and education; however, there were significant differences only according to gender in terms of price. There were significant differences according to gender, age, marriage, education, and income in terms of the used shopping malls. Third, for the analysis of the influence of diverse factors that can affect purchase deferrals for internet clothing shopping, the more information search, purchase deferral habits, perceived risks, and deficiency in shopping mall supply conditions were when higher purchase deferrals occurred. For a strong competitive online market, this study can help internet clothing shopping mall entrepreneurs manage products and customers by analyzing the lists of purchase deferrals indicated in "cart" and by administrating the influential factors for purchase deferral.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.149-163
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to investigate and analyze the actual conditions of consumer damage occuring in the use of clothing products. The data used for analysis included 470 cases, which were deliberated by requesting consumer disputes deliberation at the consumer consultation room of Masan YWCA at the Kyeongsangnamdo Consumer Life Center belonging to the Kyeongnam provincial office. The disputes regarding the clothing products insisted that consumers suffered damage for the period from March, 2011 to June, 2013. The data processing was carried out by SPSS 14 and the statistics techniques used went through a cross tabulation analysis and ${\chi}^2$-test. The results are as follows. The difference in the analysis result of purchase path and material as to kinds of clothing products showed a significant difference. The damage types of clothing products were classified into five types: change of color, change of style, change of surface and touch, breakage of subsidiary materials, and others. The damaged clothing products showed a difference for damage frequency according to the items of clothing products; in particular, damage frequency for change of color appeared high. The damage contents of change of color were identified as metachromatism, discoloration and yellowing, stain occurrence, and decolorization. The damage responsibility for these clothing products appeared to be various as to clothing items, but was higher at dry cleaners and manufacturers.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.37-46
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• 2008

The purposes of this article are segmenting consumers by brand attachment motives and discovering the differences among the segmented groups in relation to clothing involvement and clothing behavior (ready-to-wear satisfaction, brand loyalty, purchased items, and purchased places). The subjects of this study were male and female consumers, who were residents in Seoul, Korea. The data had been collected during May, 2007, and statistical analyses used for the study were factor analysis, cluster analysis, t-test, and chi-square test. The results showed that brand attachment motive is composed of two factors: brand personality/individuality expression and conformity/status improvement. Based on cluster analysis, there were two brand attachment motive groups: individuality expression and status improvement segments. T-test showed that brand attachment motive segments were significantly different in terms of clothing involvement and clothing behavior (ready-to-wear satisfaction, brand loyalty and purchased items). For example, the individuality expression group was more interested in clothing, was more satisfied with ready-to-wear clothing, had higher brand loyalty, and usually purchased casual wear. Meanwhile, the status improvement group had a higher perceived risk in clothing involvement, was less satisfied with ready-to-wear clothing, had a lower degree of brand loyalty, and preferred to purchase formal wear. The results implied that brand attachment motive is an important variable in market segmentation, in which specific marketing strategies should be implemented for each targeted consumers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.35 no.9
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• pp.1049-1059
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• 2011

This study investigates the current state of companies that manufacture and sell outdoor wear. A survey was conducted to identify what problems they had and what aspects they needed to supplement through a comparison and analysis of their block patterns. Companies that manufactured outdoor wear and those that sold them were separately surveyed to understand their current state. The manufactures included 4 companies and 14 sellers. The survey used interviews to cover the areas of target consumers, development patterns, production lines, body size, nominal size, production size, and functional materials for each item, and aspects that need improvement. The survey period was from September $3^{rd}$ to $10^{th}$ 2008. There were three block patterns for jackets, T-shirts, and pants. The investigator collected the patterns used by three outdoor clothing manu-facturers for comparison and assessment. As a result, the mean age of the target consumers set by the outdoor clothing manufacturers and sellers was 25.3-50.7 and 29.2-42.5, respectively, which shows that the outdoor clothing had a wider distribution of target consumers than the sellers. It is imperative for them to segment and differentiate the target consumers and concepts. The basic body measurements the companies used to draw the upper and lower garment patterns were the bust circumference for the upper garment patterns and the waist circumference for the lower garment patterns. The basic nominal size was 95 for the upper garment and 70 for the lower garment. Also analyzed were the block patterns according to the items to understand the pattern characteristics of each of the companies. There were a total of 35, 36, and 30 items for the jackets, T-shirts, and pants, respectively, to measure size. The items were then compared with one another in mean and standard deviation. The analysis indicate that the block patterns were not fit for women in their twenties or thirties to wear and required revisions in the length of the upper garment, the height of sleeve cap, bust circumference, hip length, and pant length.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.13-25
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• 2011

This study investigates the factors influencing consumer's channel selection for luxury fashion items, specifically the effect of (i) perceived luxury benefits, (ii) perceived online shopping risks, (iii) demographics, and (iv) purchasing behavior. A survey questionnaire was developed and implemented to measure the perceived luxury benefits, perceived online shopping risks, purchasing behaviors, and consumer demographics. A total of 396 responses were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, cross-tab, and multinomial logit analysis with SPSS18.0. The results are as follows. First, those who shop in offline shopping channels tend to be heavy buyers that look for product quality and conspicuousness. They perceive low risks from online shopping and purchase few bag items offline. Second, those who shop online tend to be men and perceive the high benefits of economic value. Third, those who shop in multi channels tend to be men, search for information via the Internet, and purchase few accessory items. Implications for multichannel strategies are suggested.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.12 no.2 s.27
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• pp.249-257
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• 1988

The purposes of the study were to define the clothing evaluative criteria concept as an internal evaluative criteria and buying evaluative criteria based on the Engel-Kollot-Blackwell's consumer behavior model, and to explore the differences between internal evaluative criteria and buying evaluative criteria imprically. The study also aimed to find out the differences between internal evaluative criteria and buying evaluative criteria according to clothing items(underwears, pajama, jeans, blouse, two-pieces, coat) The questionnaires were administered to college female students living in Seoul. Means and Standard Deviations were calculated, and Discriminant Analysis were used for statistical inferences. The results were as follows: In underwears, internal evaluative criteria were comfort and fiber, while toying evaluative criteria was color. In pajama, internal evaluative criteria was comfort and fiber, while buying evaluative criteria was good buy. In jean, internal evaluative criteria was fit and suitability to individual, while buying evaluative criteria was suitability to individual and price. In blouse, internal evaluative criteria was beauty and harmony with other clothing. In two-pieces, internal evaluative criteria was color and beauty, while buying evaluative criteria was suitability to individual. In coat, internal evaluative criteria was textile and color. In conclusion, as shown in the results above, the evident differences between internal evaluative criteria and buying evaluative criteria and buying evaluative criteria were testified, therefore evaluative criteria should he defined as internal evaluative criteria and buying evaluative criteria, and study of evaluative criteria should be explored according to clothing items.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.495-509
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• 2021

The study investigated the effects of five commercial body shaping foundation items on clothing pressure, blood flow, body shaping effectiveness, and wearer satisfaction for middle-aged women. The study measured clothing pressure at each of the 10 designated measurement points for twelve subjects wearing the foundations. Blood flow changes were recorded and body shaping effectiveness was analyzed by comparing differences in girth when wearing and not wearing the foundations. The subjects rated wearer comfort along a 7-point Likert scale. The results were that clothing pressure was present at all measurement points, and all foundations placed the least pressure on the anterior underbust girth. In addition, clothing pressure was high in the order of the lateral, posterior, and anterior areas. As clothing pressure increased, blood flow and velocity decreased and overall wearer satisfaction was assessed to be less comfortable. Body shaping effectiveness was evident across all the items, as all decreased girth measurements significantly. In conclusion, the appropriate level of clothing pressure provided by experimental foundations which is positive for blood flow and has an excellent body shaping effect was found to be between 0.53 and 1.77 kPa.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.21-33
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• 1981

The purpose of this study was to develop a skirt pattern drafting method for korean women between the ages of $18\~24$ on the basis of their physical charcteristics which differs from those of other races in its size and figure. The study procedures and results were as follows; 1. Ten types of convantional skirt patterns were collected and compared to determine the essential measuring items for skirt construction, and to discover what problems are involved. 2. Fourteen items of KIST measurement data were analysed for correlation coefficients, to establish representative items and independent ones. 3. Front waist length and back waist length were additionally measured for supplementary data. 4. A new skirt drafting method was developed based on the results of the pattern comparison and the data analysis. 5. A sensory evaluation was applied to evaluate the new method comparing it with the most widely accepted conventional pattern. An original rating scale was developed for the evaluation and an expert panel consisting of five members judged each shell from 12 subjects by random selection. According to a statistical analysis of the result of the 17 items on the rating scale, 14 items showed significant differences (${\alpha}\leqq$0.01 or ${\alpha}\leqq$0.05) between the two, with the new pattern having better fit. The new pattern drafting method proved to be superior to the conventional one especially in the fitness at the back hip, dart length, side seam balance, and the ease for daily activities.