• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.30 no.11 s.158
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• pp.1507-1518
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• 2006

The middle-aged body differs from the youthful body and has its own body type due to the considerable difference in body structure by age. However, most ready-made clothes for middle-aged women are designed according to the youthful body types. They are looking for the better fitness of the ready-made clothes. Thus clothing fitness is strongly required for a middle-aged women. The purpose of this study is to analyze the basic characteristics of middle-aged women's body types and to compare the real somatotype and cognitive somatotype. The subjects are 238 middle-aged women between 35 and 49 years old living in Daegu. Data are collected through anthropometric measurement and questionnaire on somatotype from September to October 2004. The results are as follows: 1. Using factor analysis, cluster analysis is carried out and the subjects of this research are classified into 4 groups. 2. Middle-aged women usually are not satisfied with their body. Particularly, they show the lowest satisfaction measurement about their abdominal girth, weight, and overall body-shape in total 16 categories. 3. As a result of body cathexis for each part, women are usually not satisfied with their body parts for themselves, regardless of real somatotype. 4. As I divide middle-aged women's somatotype by Rohrer index into the groups of three body-types, then examine real somatotype and cognitive somatotype, I get the following result : The slimmer their bodies are, the more satisfied middle-aged women we. Besides, 40.3% of middle-aged women have an incorrect and distorted understanding of their somatotype. 5. As a result of this research for ideal state of body-size, the women shows their Ideal sizes as follow: 160.55cm for ideal height, 88.73cm for ideal bust girth, 71.14cm for ideal waist girth, 90.03cm for ideal hip girth, and 53kg for ideal weight.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.93-103
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• 1999

This study is intended to propose the new design course on Contemporary folk Hanbok by researching their preference to Contemporary folk Hanbok. To do so, the definition of styles, preference in details and fitness for the occasion to wear Contemporary folk Hanbok were evaluated and analyzed. The collected materials were investigated in quality and content. As for the data, five Contemporary folk Hanbok brands, in the city were selected and twenty styles from catalog were extracted. The subjected of study were 219 university students living in Seoul and Kwang-ju, Mok-po. they answered the questionnaires, the results of study were following: 1) In style of Contemporary folk Hanbok, there were positive support on longer Jeogori than traditional one and a seamless one-piece skirt at the length of ankle. But they had the negative thought of various spapes shapes related to the styles of Contemporary folk Hanbok. 2) In a view point of coloring on women's Contemporary folk Hanbok, the student supported the saturation more than special preference to similarity or contrast harmony. Students liked the harmony of achromatic colors or same colors up and down which are not traditional 3) In men's Contemporary folk Hanbok, students were for the harmony of same colors in up and down, preferring wool/polyester to cotton or silk100% (traditional materials) in materials 4) It indicates that what students thought generally of the occasional appropriateness of Contemporary folk Hanbok didn't match with the choice of proper occasion on preferred style. The western clothes have difference in design, material, color and manners of co-ordination related to ordinary cloths and out wear, but Contemporary folk Hanbok don't have these difference. Therefore, it is needed to develop the expensive designs discriminated between ordinary clothes and out wear in design, material, color and co-ordination corresponding to the every day life style.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.66 no.4
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• pp.111-127
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• 2016

The study aims to examine the forms of 'image expression' and utilization of model poses in fashion photos, and to delve into the characteristics and the intents that make certain model poses effective in expressing an image. The study used the fashion photos in the fashion magazine, Vogue, to analyze the different model poses used to express different images. The results are as follows. First, image expression forms in fashion photos were categorized into 'direct product suggestion expression form', 'sensual image expression form', 'sexual image expression form', 'story telling expression form', 'everyday situation expression form', and 'fantastic image expression form'. The different utilization types of model poses were categorized into 'type utilizing intangible elements', 'type utilizing complicated elements', 'type utilizing living organisms', 'type utilizing props', 'type utilizing clothes', 'type utilizing location', 'type utilizing accessories', and 'type utilizing products'. Second, the most common expression form for fashion photos used in advertisements was the 'direct product suggestion expression form', which was followed by the sensual image expression form. The most popular form used in the editorial fashion photos was the direct suggestion product expression form, which was followed by the story telling expression form. Third, the most common model pose type for direct product suggestion form was the 'type utilizing product'. Fourth, 'direct product suggestion expression form' was mostly used in editorial fashion photos. The most common utilization types of model poses were 'type utilizing clothes', 'type utilizing props', and 'type utilizing place'.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.803-816
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• 2016

The purposes of this study were to investigate the influences of channel assessments on the usage of multi-channels by product types, and the differences in the usage of multi-channels among product types in buying decision making process for fashion products. Data were collected from 510 consumers in their 20s to 50s with purchasing experiences through multi-channel distribution system and living in Seoul and Kyunggi province; 491 were analyzed after deleting incomplete questionnaires. Factor analysis, multiple regression analysis and one-way ANOVA were used for statistical analysis by using SPSS 18.0. The results were as follows: 5 factors were extracted for channel assessment: utility, accuracy, risk, price benefit and sharing information. Price benefits, utility and sharing information for online channel tended to influence positively on the usage of online channel and online+offline channels. Accuracy and low perceived risk of offline influenced positively on offline and on+offline channel usages. The usage levels of on-line and off-line channels for cosmetics were significantly lower than the usage levels for clothes and accessories on information search, evaluation of alternatives, and purchase stages. Significant differences were also found in the usage levels of multi-channels (on+off-line) on information search and evaluation of alternatives stages. The usage levels of the multi-channels for clothes were the highest followed by those of accessories and cosmetics in order.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.85-99
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• 2004

The purpose of the study is to survey the current state of tween generation boys' clothing-wearing, to identify problems in the current apparel sizing system, and to contribute to the improvement of the fitness of ready-made clothes. 1. According to the result of surveying the current state of clothing-wearing, boys prefer casual wear and, as they grow old, they tend to purchase clothes alone or in company with their friends. In addition, they use mainly easy casual wear or sports wear stores. They appear to be highly dissatisfied with price and size and think that the fitting of coats, pants and jackets is poor. Moreover, they complain about sizes such as waist circumference, pants length and upper-arm circumference. 2. According to the result of comparing apparel sizing system with body measurements, the waist circumference and hip circumference of young casual wear are fit to the large size of body at the age of 12 and the over-average size of body at the age of 13 and 14, but its bust circumference is fit only to the extra-large size of body at the age of 13 and 14. Such results come from differences in body shape between adults and adolescents. Although adolescents' body size has been enlarged, their body line is still immature and, accordingly, their drop-value is smaller than that of adults, which appears to cause adolescents to be highly dissatisfied with fitting.

• The International Journal of Costume Culture
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.38-51
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• 2009

The goal of this study is to define the types of the lifestyles of senior consumers and identify the differences in the properties of apparel products and the apparel attitudes. To collect the data for this study, questionnaires for the research were distributed from November 20, 2006 to December 15, 2006 to those over 50 living in Seoul, Pusanand Kyunggi and 302 questionnaires were used for the data analysis. The results of the study are as follows. First, six factors were extracted which were "Pursuit of Self-development", "Pursuit of Active Life", "Pursuit of Material", "Pursuit of Diversity", "Pursuit of Family-oriented" and "Pursuit of Recreational Life" after factor analysis of lifestyles recognized by the senior consumers that participated in this study. Second, the lifestyles of the senior consumers were categorized into "Consumption-oriented Type", "Personal Satisfaction-oriented Type", "Family Weighted Type" and "Recreation-oriented Type." Third, three factors were extracted which were "Symbolical Property", "Functional Property" and "Customer Support Property" after conducting the factor analysis on the properties of apparel products. Fourth, significant differences were shown in apparel properties by the lifestyle types of senior consumers in the symbolical property and the customer support property. The "symbolical property" was shown highest in "recreation-oriented type" and lowest in the "family weighted type." The customer support property was shown highest in the "family weighted type" and lowest in the "recreation-oriented type", showing the opposite result. Fifth, significant differences were shown in apparel attitudes by the lifestyle types of senior consumers in "Fashion Innovativeness", "Apparel Involvement" and "Apparel Necessity." The "fashion innovativeness" was shown highest in the "recreation-oriented type" and lowest in the "family weighted type." The apparel involvement and the necessity for apparel for senior citizens was shown high in the "recreation-oriented type" and this showed that the senior consumers valuing recreation also value fashion, have high apparel involvement and feel the necessity for apparel for senior citizens.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.111-125
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is in the investigation to relieve into the clothing inconvenience levels and to need by arthritis patients who experience clothing difficulties in daily living even without showing conspicuous physical disabilities. For this study, personal interviews were carried out with 151 female arthritis patients, using a questionnaire form consisting of a total of 206 items. Data analysis were done with spss 12.0 for the frequency analysis, cross tab analysis, t-test, and ANOVA. The findings are as follows. 1. The survey subjects were diverse in their age from 20s to 60s and 18.5% of them have need of other's assistance at the time of getting dressed or undressed of clothing. The knee part was felt to be the most uncomfortable, causing the inconveniences in wearing pants or panties. 2. The investigation into the inconvenience levels at the time of dressing or undressing of clothing was indicated that the wearing of pants was the hardest movement to arthritis patients, as the items relating to the movements for putting feet into or pulling them out of pants and those for raising pants over the hip were also accompanied by the feeling of pains. In addition, the aged arthritis patients felt the clothes-wearing movements more difficult. 3. The survey on the kind and inconvenience levels for the clothes currently being worn showed the highest wearing ratio for the pants, which were pointed out to be the most inconvenient. 4. As for the clothing improvement, the needs were located as a whole in the sufficiency in measures of pants crotch and circumference items, the flexibility in materials, the short length of pants, or the front clearance.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.51-58
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• 2020

The blind people have difficulty living an independent clothing life. The furniture and home appliance are adding AI or IoT with the recent growth of the smart appliance market. To support the independent clothing life of the blind, this paper suggests a smart wardrobe with closet control function, voice recognition function and clothes information recognition using CNN algorithm. The number of layers of the model was changed and Maxpooling was adjusted to create the model to increase accuracy in the process of recognizing clothes. Early Stopping Callback option is applied to ensure learning accuracy when creating a model. We added Dropout to prevent overfitting. The final model created by this process can be found to have 80 percent accuracy in clothing recognition.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.11-20
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• 1989

Teen-agers are much concerned for their appearances. Their clothes reflect their living conditions and serve as a means to represents themselves as well. They also show great concern for the clothes of students of an age. So to guide their clothing behaviours in school plays a very important role in the living guidance of students. From this point, this study was aimed at examing closely the differences of recations as to the girl students' clothing behaviours between boy students and girl students of high school, and the correlation between environment condition and reaction upon the clothing behaviours of girl students. To check the physical environment condition of the family, the family circumstances test, made and standardized by Jung Won Sik, was used. To check the clothing behaviours of girl students, four items-modesty, fashion and esthetics were made and each item had five questions, wihich comprised fifteen questons all told. The subjects of this study included students in eight high schools located in Incheon, totaling 930 boys and girls. The results of this study were summarized as follows: 1. There are great differences in students' reaction upon girl students' clothing behaviours according to their physical circumstances level, sex, grade years and the degree of concern for other sex. (A) The correlation between students' physical circumstances level and their reaction upon the girl students' clothing behaviours is high in all the three items. The higher the students' circumstancses level is, the lower their reaction upon modesty is, and the higher their reaction upon fashion. In case of esthetics, only girl students show great concern for it. (B) As to the reaction upon the girls students' clothing behaviours by sex, girls show higher concern for modesty, fashion and esthetics than boys. (C) As to the reaction upon the girl students' clothing behaviours by the grade years, the first year students as a whole show higher concern for modesty than second grade year students. (D) As to the reaction upon the girl students' clothing behaviours by the degree of concern for other six, the more concern both the boy and the girl students have for other sex, the higher their reactions are upon fashion and esthetics, but the lower upon modesty. 2. From the point of reactions upon the girl students' clothing behaviours, (A) as to fashion, free variables can explain by 7.8 percent the degree of concern for other sex, physicial circumstances level, and sex in that order. (B) as to fashion, free variables can explain by 5.4 persent the concern for other sex, physicial circumstances level, and sex in that order. (C) as to esthetics, free variables can explain by 4.8 percent the concern for other sex, physicial circumstances level, and sex in that order. From the above analysis, the following are included: The concern for other sex has the greatest influence on the girl students clothing behaviours, the physicial circumstances level the nest, sex the third and the grade year the last.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.182-200
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• 2004

Purpose: This study is to explore the essence of those lives who have been living with their mothers- in- law for more than 10years since their marriage by applying Van Manen's hermeneutic phenomenological methodology. It consists of four steps such as concentration on the nature of lived experience, existential research, hermeneutic phenomenological reflection and hermeneutic phenomenological writing. Method: Six middle aged participants who have been living with mothers- in- law in middle size of cities were interviewed and observed with their written consent for one month from 20, April. 2000 to 20 May 2000. To expand insight by analyzing sayings, folks stories, writings, etymology of sigipsalee relevant to it were collected and reviewed. Result: Five essential themes were derived by repeated reviewing the transcription of those interview such as difficulty living with endless heart distress, feeling oppressed, feeling deeply lonely, having a stronger backing as time passes, in turn harmonizing with each other. On the basis of the five essential theme hermeneutic phenomenological writing was done as follow. Participants lived lives filled with uneasy feeling from the newly formed relationship among in laws but especially with mothers- in- law. Participants did their best to be acknowledged found that at a significant moment during family event they would be treated as strangers so that they felt isolated and alone. Mothers in laws played a dominant role in most of family decision even buying their children's clothes. Mother in laws rarely complemented them so that they felt inferior as a person. As time passes. Mothers-in-law and daughters-in-law become adjusted to this lifestyle with each other and assumed a more mature relationship which includes a mutual respect thus better harmony. Participants become to have stronger backing so that they express their opinion to mothers-inlaw. With time both of them are getting old, participants show form of pity to their mothers-in- law. Sometimes participant surprise themselves by noticing a change in their behavior to the same pattern Mothers-in-law have showed them. Conclusion: Although generalizations have limitations, findings resulting from the study will enrich family nursing knowledge and understanding the problems when living with mothers-in- law in the same house. It will give a cleared view of problems faced by middle aged korean women in the Korean patriarchal culture. Researchers have recommended to study experiences of married young adult korean women's generation and the findings compared with this study to show trends and changes.