• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• 제50권3호
• /
• pp.505-510
• /
• 2012

기포탑 반응기에서의 기체 체류량은 기포의 크기 분포 및 상승 속도와 밀접한 연관성을 갖는다. 따라서 많은 연구자들에 의하여 기포탑 반응기 내에 기포의 크기를 제어하기 위한 연구들이 진행되어 왔다. 본 연구에서는 스파져 이외의 영역에서도 기포의 거동을 제어하고 기체 체류량을 증진시키기 위하여 다단형 기포탑 반응기를 사용하였다. 특히, 3 종류의 서로 다른 크기의 반응기를 사용하여 다단 다공판이 기포의 유동 특성에 미치는 효과를 확인하였다. 나아가 개별 기포가 다공판을 통과하였을 때의 쪼개짐 빈도수 및 크기 분포 변화에 대하여 관찰함으로써 다공판의 영향에 대한 이해를 넓혔다. 또한 다양한 다공판 배치 형태에 따른 유동 특성을 관찰함으로써 다단형 기포탑 반응기에서의 다공판 설치에 대한 기준을 제시할 수 있었으며, 이를 바탕으로 높이 22 m, 직경 0.36 m의 벤치 스케일 다단형 기포탑 반응기를 제작하여 그 성능을 확인하였다.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
• /
• 제29권4호
• /
• pp.324-330
• /
• 2018

In this study a numerical study was conducted to show flow, temperature and gas distributions in a high temperature CO shift reactor which was designed specially for energy saving and then evaluated with the related experiment. Mole fractions of syngas at the end of the catalyst bed were predicted with various assumed pre-exponential factors, were compared with the corresponding experimental results and $10^8$ was finally selected as the value. With the selection, a base case was examined. It was calculated that the inlet duct attached asymmetrically to the CO shift reactor affects on the distribution of the upward momentum (+z directional). In addition, CO conversion ratio is achieved up to 90% in the catalyst bed and especially it reached up to 70% at the initial part of catalyst bed.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
• /
• 제26권
• /
• pp.7.1-7.9
• /
• 2011

Objectives: This study was conducted to examine the relationship between crude oil exposure and physical symptoms among residents participating in clean-up work associated with the Hebei Spirit oil spill, 2007 in Korea. Methods: A total of 288 residents responded to a questionnaire regarding subjective physical symptoms, sociodemographic characteristics and clean-up activities that occurred between two and eight weeks after the accident. Additionally, the urine of 154 of the respondents was analyzed for metabolites of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals. To compare the urinary levels of exposure biomarkers, the urine of 39 inland residents who were not directly exposed to the oil spill were analyzed. Results: Residents exposed to oil remnants through clean-up work showed associations between physical symptoms and the exposure levels defined in various ways, including days of work, degree of skin contamination, and levels of some urinary exposure biomarkers of VOCs, metabolites and metals, although no major abnormalities in urinary exposure biomarkers were observed. Conclusions: This study provides evidence of a relationship between crude oil exposure and acute human health effects and suggests the need for follow-up to evaluate the exposure status and long-term health effects of clean-up participants.

• 한국환경생태학회지
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.14-23
• /
• 1996

내장산 국립공원의 이용객 행태조사는 1995년 10월 31일부터 11월 3일까지 실시되었고 총 151명의 이용객이 참여하였다. 이용객의 사회경제적 특성으로는 남자가 55%, 여자가 45%로 나타났으며, 교육정도는 대졸 이상이 52%로 높게 나타났다. 연령별로는 20대가 61.3%로 가장 높게 나타났다. 응답자의 가을철 내장산 국립공원의 방문목적은 주로 단풍감상을 위한 것으로 나타났다. 이용객 대부분은 이용정보를 안내판을 통해서(31.8%), 또는 그들 스스로 알아서(29.1%)획득하는 것으로 나타났다. 또 이들 대부분은 Clean-up Time 운동에 대해 알지 못하고 있었고, 현수막을 본 후에 인식하게 된 것으로 나타났다. 대부분의 이용객은 내장산에서 안내방송을 듣지 못했다고 응답한 반면, 국립공원에서 안내방송의 필요성에 대해서는 깊이 공감하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과들은 Clean-up Time 운동의 쓰레기 투기행위 관리효과에 대해 내장산 국립공원을 방문한 이용객들이 긍정적으로 인식하고 있다는 점을 나타내는 것으로 판단된다. 이러한 점에서 국립공원에 있어서 대중매체를 이용한 훼손행위 관리기법의 도임은 많은 효과를 가져다줄 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
• /
• 제5권3호
• /
• pp.23-27
• /
• 2002

기름유출이나 적조 등에 의한 해양오염사고가 빈번하게 발생되고 있고, 이들을 처리하기 위한 방제작업이 수행되고 있다. 효과적인 방제작업을 수행하기 위해서는 오염원의 거동을 방제자가 신속히 예측하여 오염원의 확산을 막아야한다. 본 연구는 해양오염원의 이동예측을 방제자가 손쉽게 수행 할 수 있는 프로그램 개발에 관한 내용이다. 본 논문에서는 GUI 기법을 이용하여 연구중인 ODM(Oil Diffusion Modelling)의 구성과 내용에 관하여 소개하였다. ODM은 전ㆍ후 처리부분과 수치해석 부분으로 나뉘어 있으며 윈도우 환경으로 구성되어 방제담당자가 손쉽게 프로그램을 작동시켜 결과를 확인 할 수 있도록 하였다. 본 연구가 계속 진행됨으로서 보다 편리한 확산예측 프로그램이 개발될 것으로 기대한다.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국연소학회 제26회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 논문집
• /
• pp.295-300
• /
• 2003

In Korea, the emission standards for air pollutants will be more tighten from Jan. 2005. Especially, the new emission standards is focused on the nitrogen oxide. From this trend of standards, nitrogen oxide emission is hot issue in energy fields. Also, we have a new environmental problem, the carbon dioxide emission, which are related to the global warming. To solve the environmental problems, we must define the situation of clean-up technologies level in Korea and decide the direction of R&D for flue gas cleaning technologies. Now, this paper discus briefly on the De-NOx R&D activities and the large scale testing facility for flue gas clean-up technologies in Korea Institute of Energy Research. These discussions are contribute to the increasing of the R&D activities for flue gas clean-up technologies in Korea.

• 한국융합학회논문지
• /
• 제12권4호
• /
• pp.161-169
• /
• 2021

코로나 시대 마스크 착용으로 유해 성분을 배제한 화장품에 대한 관심이 커지며 '클린뷰티'가 주목받고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 2020년 국내 온·오프라인에서 유통되고 있는 클린뷰티 화장품 브랜드를 선정하여 분석하였다. 클린뷰티 브랜드 36개를 추출하고 전문가 분석을 통해 적합한 브랜드 20개를 선정하였다. 클린뷰티 화장품 브랜드 커뮤니케이션 분석을 위해 구성요소를 네이밍, 로고, 색채, 패키지, 웹사이트로 도출하여 설문조사하였다. 그 결과 네이밍은 자연, 건강 등을 연상하면 떠오르는 단어, 로고는 심플한 형태의 워드마크, 색채는 녹색이나 노란색계열, 패키지는 용기바디에 가운데 맞춤으로 구성된 심플한 형태, 웹사이트는 식물과 동물, 사람의 이미지를 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 브랜드 커뮤니케이션 구성요소를 종합해 볼 때 자연, 깨끗한, 가벼운 이미지 등을 조화롭게 활용한 것이 클린뷰티 화장품 브랜드를 선호하는 요인으로 작용한 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
• /
• 제41권5호
• /
• pp.335-348
• /
• 2015

Objectives: We aimed to assess the risk of metabolic syndrome one year after the 2007 Hebei Spirit oil spill in Taean, Korea among people exposed to spilt oil during clean-up work. Methods: A total of 6,923 adults, including 3,019 males and 3,904 females, participated in the study. Health examinations and blood tests (total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, fasting blood sugar) were performed. A logistic regression model adjusting for age, gender, smoking history, drinking history, income, education, and marital status was used to estimate the risk of metabolic syndrome associated with the level of oil spill exposure. Results: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 24.9% among males and 18% among females. Compared with people living within 20 km of the coastline, the risk of metabolic syndrome among people living within 0.8 km of the coastline was significantly higher (male OR=1.696, 95% CI=1.320-2.178, female OR=1.992, 95% CI=1.549-2.561), including a significant dose-response relationship for distance from early contaminate coastline (p<0.001). The risk of metabolic syndrome was higher according to the increase of duration of cleaning work. The risk of metabolic syndrome among people who participated in the clean-up work for more than 116 days, compared with people who participated in the cleaning work for or less 14 days, was significantly higher (male OR=1.845, 95% CI=1.448-2.353, female OR=1.752, CI=1.378-2.228), with a significant dose-response relationship for days of clean-up work (p<0.001). Conclusion: This study showed that there is a significant association between exposure to the oil spill during the clean-up work, distance from early contaminate coastline and the risk of metabolic syndrome in a doseresponse manner.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
• /
• 제17권4호
• /
• pp.63-72
• /
• 2012

The main objective of this study is to assess the compatibility between Korean ministry of environment (KME) standard and ISO (KS I ISO) standard for the determination of BTEX and TPH content in soil. We carried out comparison analysis for both methods using CRM and matrix spiked samples. In case of GC-MS analysis for BTEX, we got statistically (significance level: 0.05) the same results from KME standard (ES 07600.1) and ISO standard (KS I ISO 15009). However, it showed statistically (significance level: 0.05) different results when TPH was analyzed by KME standard (ES 07552.1) and ISO standard (KS I ISO 16703). To clarify the reason why both methods produced different results for TPH content, we also did some additional experiments in terms of differences in extraction, clean-up and target hydrocarbon range. Extraction with polar and non-polar compounds mixed solvent (acetone+n-heptane) of KS I ISO 16703 showed higher extraction efficiency than with only non polar solvent (dichloromethane) extraction of ES 07552.1 by about 9%. While column type clean-up of KS I ISO 16703 showed the reduction in TPH content between before and after clean-up, batch type of clean-up of ES 07552.1 did not show any changes in TPH content through clean-up process. The target hydrocarbon range of ES 07552.1 and KS I ISO 16703 is $C_8{\sim}C_{40}$ and $C_{10}{\sim}C_{40}$, respectively. From this point of view, kerosene and JP-8 contaminated soil showed higher RPD (relative producibility deviation) values between results by both method than that of lubricant or diesel contaminated soil. The higher content of hydrocarbon ($C_8{\sim}C_{10}$) in kerosene and JP-8 played an important role in increasing RPD values in addition to the effects caused by different solvents and clean-up method. Consequently, it was concluded that both methods (ES 07552.1 and KS I ISO 16703) were not compatible.

• 청정기술
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.34-46
• /
• 1995

Clean Technology goes beyond Clean-UP (or "End of PiPe) Technologies to include Pollution prevention, waste minimisation, and cleaner production. However, the concept of Clean Technology goes deeper than changes in technology, to ways in which human needs can be satisfied sustainably. In other words, Clean Technology, concentrates on delivering a human benefit rather than making a product. Introducing cleaner technology may therefore involve new commercial relationships as well as new technological practices. In some economic sectors, this involves leasing or providing a service rather than selling a product. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is an important tool in Clean Technology. LCA involves determining all the resources used and all the wastes and emissions produced in providing the human benefit. Use of LCA ensures that improved environmental performance in one part of the Life Cycle is not achieved merely at the expense of more environmental damage elsewhere. Going beyond LCA, the concepts of Life Cycle Design and "metabolised" use of materials are approaches to obtain maximum benefit from materials as they pass through the human economy. "Closed-loop" use can be a component of clean technology. Looking beyond simple re-use and recycling, a material may pass through a "cascade of uses". typically a series of applications with progressively lower performance specifications. Closed-loop use necessarily involves a change in commercial practice, because the material or product must be recovered after use.