• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.324-333
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• 2001

The Differentiated Services (Diffserv) framework has been proposed by the IETF as a simple service structure that can provide different Quality of Service (QoS) to different classes of packets in IP networks. IP packets are classified into one of a limited number of service classes, and are marked in the packet header for easy classification and differentiated treatments when transferred within a Diffserv domain. The Diffserv framework defines simple and efficient QoS differentiation mechanisms for the Internet. However, the original Diffserv concept does not provide a complete QoS management framework. Since traffic flows in IP networks are unidirectional from one network point to the other and routing paths and traffic demand get dynamically altered, it is important to monitor end-to-end traffic status, as well as traffic status in a single node. This paper suggests a distributed QoS monitoring method that collects the statistical data of each service class in every Diffserv router and calculates edge-to-edge QoS of the aggregated IP flows by combining routing topology and traffic status. A format modeling of edge-to-edge Diffserv flows and algorithms for aggregating edge-to-edge QoS is presented. Also an SNMP-based QoS management prototype system for Diffserv networks is presented, which validates our QoS management framework and demonstrates useful service management functionality.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.375-385
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• 2003

In an effort to provide information about the effect of Microcomputer-Based Laboratory (MBL) use in science teaching and learning on student achievement and attitudes, a review of research analyzed studies was done between 1981 and 2001, using a meta-analysis procedure. Thirty-seven published and unpublished studies were reviewed. Use of MBL was shown to be potentially effective in the following condition of class; two students, physics teaching, more than one topic, or at the college level. Appropriate research design strategies, financial support (including hardware and software), and the use of more than one instrument for assessing the effect of the MBL instruction are crucial factors for more informative research studies. While helpful in many respects, the prior research revealed a number of problems related to the use of MBL in school science teaching and learning. The prior research does not support the desired intention described in the theory-based outcomes and reveals so little about how teachers and students use MBL, how it influences their teaching and learning, and how effectively it fits into the existing science curriculum. In order to know if the integration of MBL in the existing school science is worth it or not, more careful research design and comprehensive research should be done.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.23-30
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• 2013

With proliferation of the internet, the internet ethics in contrast to existing ethics has been recognized as one of the disciplines. Internet ethics is one of liberal arts courses in a college as well as a class in elementary, middle and high schools. We also have taught this subject for a number of years. In order to effectively communicate to students the internet ethics course as computer scientists, we gave some demonstration practice lectures by taking advantage of internet ethics related videos. Since the latest UCC presentation and its discussion were performed, it was helpful for students to recognize the internet ethical issues and concerns. We confirmed that classroom students' concentration and understanding for internet ethics increases by a survey of the regular attendees. This research presented a lecture practice case model to teach comprehensive internet ethics topics to college students effectively.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.209-211
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• 2004

In the Langmuir-Boldgett(LB) technique, a monolayer on the water surface is transferred on to a substrate, which is raised and dipped through the surface, and one can obtain multilayers in which constituent molecules periodically are arranged in layer. The LB technique has attracted considerable interest in the fabrication of electrical and electronic device, e.g.. Many researchers have investigated the electrical properties of monolayer and multiplayer films. Dendrimers represent a new class of synthetic macromolecules sharacterized by a regularly branched treelike structure. Multiple branching yields a large number of chain ends, which distinguishes dendrimers from conventional starlike polymers and microgels. Azobenzene dendrimer is one of the dendritic macromolecules that includes the azo-group which exhibits a photochromic character. Due to the presence of the charge transfer part, the azo-group, and having a rod-shaped structure, these compounds are expected to have the potential interest in electronics and ptoelectronics, especially in nonlinear optics. In the present paper, we give a pressure stimulation into organic thin films and detect the induced displacement current.

• Journal of Korean Classical Literature and Education
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• no.16
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• pp.29-63
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• 2008

The purpose of the study is to describe the phenomena of reading classical Korean literature in middle school classrooms. This is one of a series of fundamental works to seek a desirable direction for classical Korean literature education. The results of the study are as follows. First, it was investigated which classical Korean literature middle school students read. As a result, it was found that the students read the works given mostly in their Korean language textbooks. A modern language is used for classical Korean literature in middle school textbooks. The textbooks have the largest number of tales with four pieces, followed by novels, essays, and sijos, Korean verses. Secondly, it was investigated how middle school students read classical Korean literature. It was found that they read it in class mainly through one-way lecturing by teachers. As a result of conducting a questionnaire survey of students and teachers, it was found that the lessons in classical Korean literature did not fulfill the students' expectations. Thirdly, my own real teaching cases were arranged to be presented, in connection with the matter why students should read classical Korean literature. This matter is embodied with a teacher's short verbal explanation focusing on motivation concerning the object of study.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.614-620
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• 2019

In this paper, we propose a method to effectively determine the representative style embedding of each emotion class to improve the global style token-based end-to-end speech synthesis system. The emotion expressiveness of conventional approach was limited because it utilized only one style representative per each emotion. We overcome the problem by extracting multiple number of representatives per each emotion using a k-means clustering algorithm. Through the results of listening tests, it is proved that the proposed method clearly express each emotion while distinguishing one emotion from others.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.43 no.7
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• pp.607-618
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• 2020

microRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNA molecules involved in the regulation of gene expression. miRNAs inhibit gene expression by binding to the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of their target gene. miRNAs can originate from transposable elements (TEs), which comprise approximately half of the eukaryotic genome and one type of TE, called the long terminal repeat (LTR) is found in class of retrotransposons. Amongst the miRNAs derived from LTR, hsa-miR-3681 was chosen and analyzed using bioinformatics tools and experimental analysis. Studies on hsa-miR-3681 have been scarce and this study provides the relative expression analysis of hsa-miR-3681-5p from humans, chimpanzees, crab-eating monkeys, and mice. Luciferase assay for hsa-miR-3681-5p and its target gene SHISA7 supports our hypothesis that the number of miRNA binding sites affects target gene expression. Especially, the variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) and hsa-miR-3681-5p share the binding sites in the 3' UTR of SHISA7, which leads the enhancer function of hsamiR-3681-5p to inhibit the activity of VNTR. In conclusion, hsa-miR-3681-5p acts as a super-enhancer and the enhancer function of hsa-miR-3681-5p acts as a repressor of VNTR activity in the 3' UTR of SHISA7.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.51-57
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• 2010

In this study, damages due to the aircraft noise were examined in more than 190 elementary, middle and high schools near the airports in Korea, and the persecutory idea forecast model was established using the quantification theory type II. Via the survey of 1,012 teachers in the schools, a class interference forecast model was established, and the noise characteristics of five areas, four military/civil common-use airports and one shooting range, were examined. The following conclusions were made from the study. WECPNL values in the five military/civil common-use airports showed that all of them were Class 1 or 2 affected areas, which indicated that they had serious aircraft noise problems to be addressed. The most influential factor in the aircraft noise persecutory idea model was the distance between the airport and the school. It showed a positive relationship at a distance of less than 5 km, and a negative relationship at a distance of 10 km or more. The number and time of aircraft noise exposure as well as the types of airports and window structures had strong influences. The forecast model had a correlation ratio of 0.56, which indicates that it is highly appropriate. In the class interference factor analysis, the time and number of aircraft noise exposure were strong influential factors, and the results varied according to the service duration and sex of teachers. This model had a correlation ratio of 0.61, which indicates it is highly appropriate.

• Journal of Information Display
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.145-152
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• 2011

Since the discovery of fullerenes as a class of nanostructure compounds, many potential applications have been suggested for their unusual structures and properties. The isolated pentagon rule (IPR) states that all pentagonal carbon rings are isolated in the most stable fullerene. Fullerenes $C_n$ are a class of spherical carbon allotrope group with unique properties. Electron transfer between fullerenes and other molecules is thought to involve the transfer of electrons between the molecules surrounding the fullerene cage. One class of electron transfer molecules is the methanofullerene derivatives ([6,6]-phenyl $C_{61}$-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), 4-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-[6,6]-phenyl $C_{61}$-butyric acid methyl ester (p-EHO-PCBM), and 4-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-[6,6]-phenyl $C_{61}$-butyric acid (p-EHO-PCBA), 10-12). It has been determined that $C_{60}$ does not obey IPR. Supramolecular complexes 1-9 and 10-12 are shown to possess a previously unreported host.guest interaction for electron transfer processes. The unsaturated, cis-geometry, thiocrown ethers, (1-9) (described as [X-UT-Y], where X and Y indicate the numbers of carbon and sulfur atoms, respectively), are a group of crown ethers that display interesting physiochemical properties in the light of their conformational restriction compared with a corresponding saturated system, as well as the sizes of their cavities. Topological indices have been successfully used to construct mathematical methods that relate structural data to various chemical and physical properties. To establish a good relationship between the structures of 1-9 with 10-12, a new index is introduced, ${\mu}_{cs}$. This index is the ratio of the sum of the number of carbon atoms ($n_c$) and the number of sulfur atoms ($n_s$) to the product of these two numbers for 1-9. In this study, the relationships between this index and oxidation potential ($^{ox}E_1$) of 1-9, as well as the first to third free energies of electron transfer (${\Delta}G_{et(n)}$, for n = 1-3, which is given by the Rehm-Weller equation) between 1-9 and PCBM, p-EHO-PCBM, and p-EHO-PCBA (10-12) as [X-UT-Y]@R(where R is the adduct PCBM, p-EHO-PCBM, and p-EHO-PCBA group) (13-15) supramolecular complexes are presented and investigated.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.53-62
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• 1986

The purpose of this study was to understand the pattern of health problems of post hysterectomy women by the period after their operation and to find out the related factors with health problems. A descriptive study was done using a survey methodology. The subjects were women who had undergone a hysterectomy for benign gynecological diseases at two general hospitals. They were all between one month and three year post hysterectomy as of July 15, 1985. The results are summarized as follows; 1. The percentages of the subject who were experiencing operative symptom of 1st, End and 3rd year group 53.8%, 46.2%, 37.4% respectively. The percentages of the subjects who were experiencing menopause symptom of 1st, 2nd and 3rd year group 39.0%, 35.0%, 33.7% respectively. 2. The operative factor scores of 1,2,3 year group were 20.218, 13.646, 14.030 respectively. The menopause factor scores of 1,2,3 year group were 19.055, 17.845, 17.606 respectively. 3. The sociodemographic & physiologic characteristics of the subject were as follows; the mean age of the subject was 44.47 years old, 56.2% of them were high school graduates, 73.5％ had any religion, 18.3% had job, 72.6% were middle economic class, 54.3% had medical insurance, 78.4% lived in nuclei family system, the mean pregnancy number was 5.63, the mean delivery number was 2.92, 71.2% of them were diagnosed as myoma, and half of them had preserved their ovary. 4. No one factors among the 10 factors were indentified having any relation with health problem of post hysterectomy women.