• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• 제46권6호
• /
• pp.967-974
• /
• 2004

본 연구는 여 러 conjugated linoleic acid(CLA) 이성체가 돼지 지방전구세포의 분화에 미치는 영향을 구영하기 위해 수행하였다. 돼지 지방전구세포는 갓난 돼지의 등 지방에서 분리해서 성숙지방세포로 분화될 때 까지 배양했다. 여러 CLA 이성체를 배양중의 세포에 처리했다. 세포분화는 세포배양이 끝난 후 세포의 glycerol-3-phosphate의 활성도를 측정함으로써 구명했다. 20$\mu$M과 50$\mu$M의 transto-cis12 CLA 이성체는 돼지 지방천구세포의 분화를 억제했고，한펀 cis9-cisl1 이성체는 세포분화를 촉진했다. cis9-trans 11 과 trans9-trans11 이생체는 세포분화에 아무런 영향을 마치지 않았다. CLA의 세포분화에 미치는 작용은 배양후기 (day8${\sim}$14) 보다 배양전기(day 0${\sim}$ 8)에 더 두드러지게 나타냈다. 위의 결과는 여러 CLA 이성체는 돼지 지방천구세포 분화에 각각 다른 작용을 가짐을 나타낸다.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.51-66
• /
• 2004

Retinoids, better known as vitamin A, have been reported to inhibit the growth of several breast cancer cell lines in culture and to reduce breast tumor growth in animal models. Furthermore, retinoids can augment the action of other breast cancer cell growth inhibitors both in vitro and in vivo. Clinically, interest has increased in the potential use of retinoids for the prevention and treatment of human breast cancer. We have examine the effect of all-trans retinoic acid(tRA) and 9-cis retinoic acid(9-cis RA) on human breast cancer cell(MCF-10A, T47-D, MCF-7) proliferation using MTT assay and cell cycle analysis(FACS). Overexpression of cyclin D1 protein is observed in the majority of breast cancers, suggesting that dysregulated expression of cyclin D1 might be a critical event in breast cancer carcinogenesis. We investigated whether tRA and 9-cis RA might affect expression of cyclin D1 on human breast cancer cells(MCF-10A, T47-D, MCF-7) using RT-PCR and west-ern bolt. In MCF-10A cells, either tRA or 9-cis RA treatment did not affect the cell proliferation. In T47-D cells and MCF-7 cells, either tRA or 9-cis RA treatment showed the inhibition of the cell proliferation over control cells and also inhibit the estrogen stimulated cell proliferation when it was given together with estrogen. The effect of retinoids was dose- and time- dependent. T47-D cells treated with 1.0 $\muM$ tRA undergo G0/G1-phase arrest by Day 5. MCF-7 cells treated with 1.0 $\muM$ tRA undergo S-phase arrest by Day 5. All-trans retinoic acid(tRA) and 9-cis retinoic acid(9-cis RA) inhibited the cyelin D1 mRNA and protein expression levels of human MCF-7 and T47-D breast carcinoma cells in vitro. The data indicate that retinoids can reduce cyclin D1 expression levels in a variety of breast cell lines in vitro and result in inhibition of cell proliferation. tRA-mediated growth inhibition and cyclin D1 expression inhibition is more potent than 9-cis RA mediated that. tRA-mediated inhibition effect is more potent on T47-D cells than on MCF-7 cells. Our data suggest that retinoids activity is different according to property of cell lines. Future chemoprevention of breast cancer studies using retinoids will be necessary to determine the mechanism of the retinoids-mediated growth inhibition.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제19권5호
• /
• pp.699-704
• /
• 2006

Twenty-four cannulated Small-tailed Han${\times}$Poll Dorset wethers (BW $47.5{\pm}2.1kg$) were used to determine the effects of forage to concentrate ratio (40:60 vs. 70:30), monensin supplementation (0, 15 or 30 ppm, DM basis) and interactions of these two factors on cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid (cis-9, trans-11 CLA) and trans-11 octadecenoic acid (trans11-$C_{18:1}$) concentrations in ruminal contents and plasma in sheep. The experiment was designed as a $2{\times}3$ factorial. The diet contained Chinese wild rye grass hay (Aneurolepidium Chinese), cracked corn, soybean meal, NaCl, limestone and trace mineral premix. Dietary crude fat and linoleic acid ($C_{18:2n-6}$) were adjusted with soybean oil to about 7.0% and 24.0 mg/g (DM basis), respectively. High forage diets increased (p<0.001) the concentrations of trans11-$C_{18:1}$ and cis-9, trans-11 CLA in ruminal contents and plasma. Monensin supplementation increased (p<0.001) the concentration of trans11-$C_{18:1}$ in ruminal contents, but had no effect on that of cis-9, trans-11 CLA. Concentrations of trans11-$C_{18:1}$ (p<0.019) and cis-9, trans-11 CLA (p<0.022) in plasma increased with dietary monensin levels. Interactions of forage: concentrate ratio and monensin level tended to affect the concentrations of trans11-$C_{18:1}$ (p<0.091) and $C_{18:2n-6}$ (p<0.083) in ruminal contents. Increasing forage levels increased the concentrations of trans11-$C_{18:1}$ and cis-9, trans-11 CLA in the rumen. Supplementing with monensin increased the ruminal production of trans11-$C_{18:1}$ and concentrations of trans11-$C_{18:1}$ and cis-9, trans-11 CLA in plasma.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제36권3호
• /
• pp.371-375
• /
• 2007

한국인 모유에는 cis-9, trans-11 CLA 이성체만 동정되었고, 그 함량은 $4.32{\sim}10.12\;mg/100\;mL$(평균 $6.27{\pm}0.28\;mg/100\;mL$)이었고, 지방함량 중에는 $1.35{\sim}3.13\;mg/g$(평균 $1.96{\pm}0.06\;mg/g$)으로 개인에 따라 큰 차이가 있었다. 한국인 모유에 함유된 CLA의 함량은 외국의 CLA 함량에 비해 낮았고, 그 이유는 식사의 차이 때문인 것으로 추정되었다. 국내에서 제조된 조제분유에서도 cis-9, trans-11 CLA만 동정되었는데, 그 함량은 $2.35{\sim}22.82\;mg/100\;g$으로 평균치는 $17.45{\pm}1.24\;mg/100\;g$이었고, 지방에 함유된 cis-9, trans-11 CLA 함량은 $0.45\;mg/g{\sim}0.85\;mg/g$으로 그 평균치는 $0.65{\pm}0.02\;mg/g$이었다. 영유아가 조제분유 제조사의 지시된 13% 조제분유를 섭취할 경우 cis-9, trans-11 CLA를 2.27 mg 섭취하는 것으로 모유 100 mL에 함유되어 있는 양에 비해 낮다. 따라서 조제분유를 조제할 때 모유와 동일한 cis-9, trans-11 CLA를 섭취할 수 있도록 조제분유를 제조하는 것이 바람직하다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제31권6호
• /
• pp.1126-1133
• /
• 2002

CLA 이성체 mixture와 trans-10,cis-12 CLA는 살아있는 TSU-Prl 세포 수를 감소시키는 반면 LA와 cis-9,trans-11 CLA는 세포 수에 아무런 효과가 없었다. 세포 수를 감소시키는 CLA 이성체 mixture와 tran-10, cis-12 CLA는 apoptotic cell death를 유도하는 것을 관찰하였고, 특히 trans-10,cis-12 CLA는 Bcl-2/Bax 비율을 감소시켰다. Trans-10,cis-12 CLA에 의해 Bax와 Bcl-2 mRNA의 수준이 변하지 않았으므로 이 지방산에 의한 Bcl-2의 변화는 mRNA 전사 후에 일어나는 단계에서 일어난다고 결론지을 수 있다. 이로써 CLA에 의한 세포증식 억제는 부분적으로 TSU-Prl 세포의 apoptosis를 유도함으로서 이루어지는 것이라 할 수 있다.

• 약학회지
• /
• 제52권6호
• /
• pp.488-493
• /
• 2008

2-Aminothiazole ring as a bioisoster of catechol in dopamine has provided with good oral availability and lipophilic property. 2-Aminoindan, is a rigid form of dopamine, was evaluated as a dopamine D3 agonist with low neurotoxicity. Dopamine D3 agonist was evaluated as selective for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. In order to develop a novel dopamine D3 agonist, we tried to synthesize the aminothiazoloindenoxazine derivative that is a hybrid structure of aminoindenoxazine and thiazole ring. cis-2-Amino-1-indanol (2) was synthesized from 1,2-indandione-2-oxime by catalytic hydrogenation and it was treated with chloroacetyl chloride and NaH in benzene solution to give (${\pm}$)-cis-4,4a,5,9b-tetrahydroindeno[1,2-b][1,4]oxazin-3(2H)-one (6). Nitration of 6 by the mixed acid gave 8-nitro compound (7) and the carbonyl group of 7 was reduced with $LiAlH_4$ to afford compound (8). 8 was reduced to form (${\pm}$)-cis-8-amino-2,3,4,4a,5,9b-hexahydroindeno[1,2-b][1,4]oxazine (9) and finally it was cyclized with KSCN in glacial acetic acid to yield (${\pm}$)-cis-8-amino-2,3,4,4a,5,10b-hexahydrothiazolo[4,5-f]indeno[1,2-b][1,4]oxazine (10).

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제36권1호
• /
• pp.117-123
• /
• 2007

본 연구에서는 단체급식에서 많이 이용되는 시금치의 조리방법에 따른 카로티노이드 분리 및 정량을 위해서 HPLC를 이용하여 분석하였다. 시금치의 methanol 추출물로 THF 용매 분획물에 대하여 카로티노이드 및 그 이성체 화합물을 표준품으로 해서 분리된 카로티노이드의 RT와 함량은 lutein(63%), zeaxanthin(2.1%), crytoranthin, 13-cis-$\beta$-carotene(1.8%), a-carotene, trans-$\beta$-carotene(29.6%), 9-cis-$\beta$-carotene(3.1%)의 순으로 분리되었으며, 여기서 분리된 crytoxanthin은 미량 검출되어 본 실험에서는 정량하지 않았다. Lutein은 다른 카로티노이드에 비하여 조리방법 및 가열에 의한 영향을 비교적 덜 받는 것으로 나타났고, zeaxanthin은 조리 후 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 한편, trans-cis-$\beta$-carotene의 이 성 체 인 9-cis-$\beta$-carotene과 1,3-cis-$\beta$-carotene은 조리방법과 상관없이 가열 후 증가하는 경향을 보였는데 이는 가열과정이 trans-$\beta$-carotene의 이성화를 형성시키는 것으로 설명된다. Steam 조리 및 냉동 후 microwave조리에서 trans-$\beta$-carotene은 증가하는 경향을 보였다(p<0.05). 시금치의 총 non-provitamin A의 경우, 각 처리구간에 별 차이가 없었으나, 총 provitamin A에서는 원재료와 냉동 후 조리에서 유의적 차이를 볼 수 있었다(p<0.05). 또한 provitamin A로서의 기능이 가장 큰 trans-$\beta$-carotene은 steam으로 가열한 경우 가장 높았으며 또한 카로티노이드의 총 함량도 다른 시료보다 높은 함량을 보여주었다. 그 다음은 냉동 후 microwave로 가열한 시료로 두 시료와 유의적인 차이를 보였다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과로부터 steam 가열시료, 냉동 후 가열시료, 원재료를 microwave로 가열한 시료 그리고 원재료 시금치의 순으로 카로티노이드의 총 함량이 높게 나타났다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제16권11호
• /
• pp.1604-1609
• /
• 2003

A metabolism trial with four ruminally fistulated sheep was conducted in a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design to examine the effect of concentrate to roughage ratio (70:30 vs. 85:15) and oil source (soybean oil vs. rapeseed oil) on the ruminal fermentation pattern and $C_{18}$-fatty acids composition including trans11-$C_{18:1}$ (trans11-ODA) and cis9, trans11-18:2 (cis9, trans11-CLA) in the rumen fluid and plasma. Oil was added to the concentrate at 5% level of the total diet (DM basis) and chopped rye grass hay was fed as roughage. An increased level of concentrate (85%) within supplemented oil slightly lowered pH but increased ammonia concentration. Supplementation of rapeseed oil relatively increased pH and ammonia concentration. Higher concentrate level resulted in increased tendencies of total VFA concentration while oil source did not affect the total VFA concentration and VFA proportion. Whole tract digestibilities of DM, CP, EE, NDF and OM in diets slightly increased at higher concentrate level. Proportions of oleic acid ($C_{18:1}$) and linoleic acid ($C_{18:2}$) in the rumen fluid were influenced by the fatty acid composition of oil source but oil source did not affect the in vitro formations of trans11-ODA and cis9, trans11-CLA. Slightly increased trans11-ODA and cis9, trans11-CLA proportions, however, were observed from the sheep fed high roughage diet supplemented with both soybean oil and rapeseed oil. The $C_{18:1}$ and $C_{18:2}$ composition in supplemented oils responded to those in plasma of sheep. Effects of concentrate to roughage ratio and oil source on trans11-ODA and cis9, trans11-CLA proportions in plasma were found to be small. Proportion of cis9, trans11-CLA in plasma tended to be increased from the sheep fed high roughage diet and collection time at 9h post feeding.

• 약학회지
• /
• 제50권6호
• /
• pp.403-408
• /
• 2006

1-Amino-5,6-dimethoxyindan hydrochloride was synthesized from 3- (3,4-dirnethoxyphenyl)propionic acid by intramolecular Friedel-Crafts acylation, oximation with hydroxylamine, and reduction with an overall yield of 74%. 2-Amino-5,6-dimethoxyindan hydrochloride was synthesized from 3-(3,4-dirnethoxyphenyl)propionic acid by intramolecular Friedel-Crafts acylation, oximation with isoamylnitrite, reduction in NaOH and reaction with HCI to form 5,6-dimethoxy-2-indanone, which was reacted with hydroxylamine and reduced with an overall yield of 42%. 5,6-Dimethoxyindan-1,2-dione-2-oxime, which was catalytically hydrogenated to afford cis-, and trans-1-amino-5,6-dimethoxyindan-1-ol as 3 : 1 ratio. This mixture was treated with Li and reacted with chloroacetyl chloride. Cis isomer was acylated and cyclized to synthesize rir -( ${\pm}$ )-7,8-dimethoxy-4,4a,5,9b-tetrahydroindeno[1,2-b][1,4]oxazin-3(2H)-one, but trans isomer was just acylated to form amide.

• 한국결정학회지
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.82-85
• /
• 2002

cis,cis,trans-[MoBr/sub 2/(CO)/sub 2/(PPh/sub 3/)/sub 2/］와 2,6-dimethylphenyl isocyanide의 반응으로부터 화합물cis,fac-[Mo(O)Br/sub 2/,(CN-C/sub 6/H/sub 3/,-2,6-Me/sub 2/)sub 3/] (1)이 분리되었다. 화합물 1의 구조가 분광학적 방법(/sup 1/H-NMR, /sup 13/C｛/sup 1/H｝-NMR, IR) 및 X-ray 회절법으로 규명되었다. 화합물 1의 결정학 자료: 삼사정계 공 간군 P(equation omitted), a=9.172(2) (equation omitted), b ＝ 11.550(3) (equation omitted), c ＝ 15.106(3) (equation omitted), α ＝ 100.44(2)°, β＝ 107.12(2)°, γ＝ 107.83(1)°, Z ＝ 2, R(wR/sub 2/) ＝ 0.0529(0.1344).