Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition (한국식품영양과학회지)

The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition (한국식품영양과학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Conjugated Linoleic Acid in Korean Mothers' Milk and Infant Formula

한국인 모유와 조제분유 중의 공액리놀레산

  • Park, Cherl-Woo (HK Biotech Co., Ltd.) ;
  • Bahn, Kyeong-Nyeo (Busan Regional Korea Food & Drug Administration) ;
  • Lee, Young-Nam (HK Biotech Co., Ltd.) ;
  • Kim, Jeong-Ok (HK Biotech Co., Ltd.) ;
  • Kim, Min-Seok (Division of Applied Life Science and Institute of Agricultural and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Ha, Yeong-Lae (Division of Applied Life Science and Institute of Agricultural and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University)
  • 박철우 ((주)HK 바이오텍) ;
  • 반경녀 (부산지방식품의약품안전청) ;
  • 이영남 ((주)HK 바이오텍) ;
  • 김정옥 ((주)HK 바이오텍) ;
  • 김민석 (경상대학교 응용생명학부, 농업생명과학연구원) ;
  • 하영래 (경상대학교 응용생명학부, 농업생명과학연구원)
  • Published : 2007.03.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The concentrations of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in twelve Korean mothers' milk samples collected in October 2006 and four infant formula samples produced by Korean manufacturers were determined. CLA detected from both mothers' milk and infant formula samples was only cis-9, trans-11 CLA isomer. The amount of cis-9, trans-11 CLA in Korean mothers' milk (100 mL) ranged from 4.32 to 10.12 mg ($6.27{\pm}0.28\;mg$). Infant formula (13 g), which is the manufacturers' recommended amount to make up 100 mL with water, contained cis-9, trans-11 CLA isomer in amounts ranging from 1.61 to 2.97 mg ($2.27{\pm}0.31\;mg$).

한국인 모유에는 cis-9, trans-11 CLA 이성체만 동정되었고, 그 함량은 $4.32{\sim}10.12\;mg/100\;mL$(평균 $6.27{\pm}0.28\;mg/100\;mL$)이었고, 지방함량 중에는 $1.35{\sim}3.13\;mg/g$(평균 $1.96{\pm}0.06\;mg/g$)으로 개인에 따라 큰 차이가 있었다. 한국인 모유에 함유된 CLA의 함량은 외국의 CLA 함량에 비해 낮았고, 그 이유는 식사의 차이 때문인 것으로 추정되었다. 국내에서 제조된 조제분유에서도 cis-9, trans-11 CLA만 동정되었는데, 그 함량은 $2.35{\sim}22.82\;mg/100\;g$으로 평균치는 $17.45{\pm}1.24\;mg/100\;g$이었고, 지방에 함유된 cis-9, trans-11 CLA 함량은 $0.45\;mg/g{\sim}0.85\;mg/g$으로 그 평균치는 $0.65{\pm}0.02\;mg/g$이었다. 영유아가 조제분유 제조사의 지시된 13% 조제분유를 섭취할 경우 cis-9, trans-11 CLA를 2.27 mg 섭취하는 것으로 모유 100 mL에 함유되어 있는 양에 비해 낮다. 따라서 조제분유를 조제할 때 모유와 동일한 cis-9, trans-11 CLA를 섭취할 수 있도록 조제분유를 제조하는 것이 바람직하다.

Keywords

References

  1. Ha YL, Grimm NK, Pariza MW. 1987. Anticarcinogens from fried ground beef: heat-altered derivatives of linoleic acid. Carcinogenesis 8: 1881-1887 https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/8.12.1881
  2. Forgerty AC, Ford GL, Svoronos D. 1988. Octadeca-9,11- dienoic acid in foodstuffs and in the lipids of human blood and breast milk. Nutr Rep Int 38: 937-944
  3. Ha YL, Grimm NK, Pariza MW. 1989. Newly recognized anticarcinogenic fatty acids: identification and quantitation in natural and processed cheese. J Agric Food Chem 37: 75-81 https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00085a018
  4. Chin SF, Liu W, Storkson JM, Pariza MW. 1992. Dietary sources of conjugated diene isomers of linoleic acid, a newly recognized class of anticarcinogens. J Food Comp Anal 5: 185-197 https://doi.org/10.1016/0889-1575(92)90037-K
  5. Ha YL, Storkson J, Pariza MW. 1990. Inhibition of benzo[a]pyrene-induced mouse forestomach neoplasia by conjugated dienoic derivatives of linoleic acid. Cancer Res 50: 1097-110
  6. Gaullier JM, Halse J, Hoye K, Kristiansen K, Fagertun H, Vik H, Gudmundsen O. 2004. Conjugated linoleic acid supplementation for 1 y reduces body fat mass in healthy overweight humans. Am J Clin Nutr 79: 1118-1125 https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/79.6.1118
  7. Park Y, Albright KJ, Storkson JM, Liu W, Cook ME, Pariza MW. 1997. Effect of conjugated linoleic acid on body composition in mice. Lipids 32: 853-858 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-997-0109-x
  8. Azain MJ, Hausman DB, Sisk MB, Flatt WP, Jewell DE. 2000. Dietary conjugated linoleic acid reduces rat adipose tissue cell size rather than cell number. J Nutr 130: 1548-1554
  9. Kamphuis MMJW, Lejeune MPGM, Saris WHM, Westerterp-Plantenga MS. 2003. The effect of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation after weight loss on body weight regain, body composition, and resting metabolic rate in overweight subjects. Int J Obesity 27: 840-847 https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0802304
  10. Whigham LD, Cook ME, Atkinson RL. 2000. Conjugated linoleic acid: implications for human health cancer, body composition, obesity, immune function, heart disease. Pharmacol Res 42: 503-510 https://doi.org/10.1006/phrs.2000.0735
  11. Bontempo V, Sciannimanico D, Pastorelli G, Ross R, Rosi F, Corino C. 2004. Dietary conjugated linoleic acid positively affects immunologic variables in lactating sows and piglets. J Nutr 134: 817-824
  12. Takahashi K, Akiba Y, Iwata T, Kasai M. 2003. Effect of a mixture of conjugated linoleic acid isomers on growth performance and antibody production in broiler chicks. Br J Nutr 89: 691-694 https://doi.org/10.1079/BJN2003822
  13. Sugano M, Tsujita A, Yamasaki M, Noguchi M, Yamada K. 1998. Conjugated linoleic acid modulates tissue levels of chemical mediators and immunoglobulins in rats. Lipids 33: 521-527 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-998-0236-4
  14. Turek JJ, Li Y, Schoenlein IA, Allen KGD, Watkins BA. 1998. Modulation of macrophage cytokine production by conjugated linoleic acids is influenced by the dietary n-6:n-3 fatty acid ratio. J Nutr Biochem 9: 258-266 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0955-2863(98)00014-X
  15. Wilson TA, Nicolosi RJ, Chrysam M, Kritchevsky D. 2000. Conjugated linoleic acid reduces early aortic atherosclerosis greater than linoleic acid in hypercholesterolemic hamsters. Nutr Res 20: 1795-1805 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0271-5317(00)00268-2
  16. Mitchell PL, Langille MA, Currie DL, McLeod RS. 2005. Effect of conjugated linoleic acid isomers on lipoproteins and atherosclerosis in the Syrian Golden hamster. Biochim Biophys Acta 1734: 269-276 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbalip.2005.04.007
  17. Houseknecht KL, Vanden Heuvel JP, Moya-Camarena SY, Portocarrero CP, Peck LW, Nickel KP, Belury MA. 1998. Dietary conjugated linoleic acid normalizes impaired glucose tolerance in the Zucker diabetic fatty fa/fa rat. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 244: 678-682 https://doi.org/10.1006/bbrc.1998.8303
  18. Ryder JW, Portocarrero CP, Song XM, Cui LY, Combatsiaris MT, Galuska D, Bauman DE, Barbano DM, Charron MJ, Zierath JR, Houseknecht KL. 2001. Isomer-specific antidiabetic properties of conjugated linoleic acid improved glucose tolerance, skeletal muscle insulin action, and UCP-2 gene expression. Diabetes 50: 1149-1157 https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.50.5.1149
  19. Weber TE, Schinckel AP, Houseknecht KL, Richert BT. 2001. Evaluation of conjugated linoleic acid and dietary antibiotics as growth promotants in weanling pigs. J Anim Sci 79: 2542-2549
  20. Tischendorf F, Schone F, Kirchheim U, Jahreis G. 2002. Influence of a conjugated linoleic acid mixture on growth, organ weights, carcass traits and meat quality in growing pigs. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr 86: 117-128 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0396.2002.00366.x
  21. Lee JI, Joo ST, Park TS, Shin TS, Ha YL, Park GB. 1999. Changes in physico-chemical properties of accumulated broiler by conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) during cold storage. Korean J Food Sci Ani Resour 19: 88-99
  22. Lee JI, Ha YJ, Jung JD, Kang KH, Hur SJ, Park GB, Lee JD, Do CH. 2004. Changes of quality characteristics of manufactured press ham using conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) accumulated pork during storage periods. J Anim Sci Technol (Kor) 46: 645-658 https://doi.org/10.5187/JAST.2004.46.4.645
  23. Kepler CR, Hirons KP, McNeill JJ, Tove SB. 1966 Intermediates and products of the biohydrogenation of linoleic acid by Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens. J Biol Chem 241: 1350 -1354
  24. Chandra RK. 1978. Immunological aspects of human milk. Nutr Rev 36: 265-272 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.1978.tb07393.x
  25. Poskitt EM. 1983. Infant feeding. Hum Nutr Appl Nutr 37: 271-286
  26. McGuire MK, Park Y, Behre RA, Harrison LY, Shultz TD, McGuire MA. 1997. Conjugated linoleic acid concentrations of human milk and infant formula. Nutr Res 17: 1277-1283 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0271-5317(97)00111-5
  27. Kinsella JE. 1972. Stearyl CoA as a precursor of oleic acid and glycerolipids in mammary microsomes from a lactating bovine: possible regulatory step in milk triglyceride synthesis. Lipids 7: 349-355 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02532654
  28. McGuire MA, McGuire MK, Parodi PW, Jensen RG. 1999. Conjugated linoleic acids in human milk. In Advances in Conjugated Linoleic Acid Research. Yurawecz MP, Mossoba MM, Kramer JKG, Pariza MW, Nelson GJ, eds. AOCS Press, Champaign, Illinois. Vol 1, p 296-306
  29. Yu JH, Kim YW. 1966. Studies on the comparison of Babcock and Gerber tests for the determination of free oil in mozzarella cheese. Rep Agric Devel 4: 19-26
  30. Jiang J, Bjoerck L, Fonden R, Emanuelson M. 1996. Occurrence of conjugated cis-9, trans-11-octadecadienoic acid in bovine milk: effects of feed and dietary regimen. J Dairy Sci 79: 438-445 https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(96)76383-X
  31. KFDA. 2005. Functional Food Code. Korea Food and Drug Administration
  32. Yurawecz MP, Roach JAG, Sehat N, Mossoba MM, Kramer JKG, Fritsche J, Steinhart H, Ku Y. 1998. A new conjugated linoleic acid isomer, 7 trans,9 cis-octadecadienoic acid, in cow milk, cheese, beef and human milk and adipose tissue. Lipids 33: 803-809 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-998-0273-z
  33. Park Y, McGuire MK, Behre R, McGuire MA, Evans MA, Shults TD. 1999. High fat dairy product consumption increases ${\Delta}9c,11t-18:2 (rumenic acid) and total lipid concentration of human milk. Lipids 34: 348-354 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-999-0396-2
  34. Jensen RG, Lammi-Keefe CJ, Hill DW, Kind AJ, Henderson R. 1998. The anticacinogenic conjugated fatty acid, 9c,11t-18:2, in human milk: confirmation of its presence. J Hum Lact 14: 23-27 https://doi.org/10.1177/089033449801400111
  35. Kim JO. 1993. Anticrcinogenic conjugated dienoic derivatives of linoleic acid and minor branched-chain fatty acids in mother's milk. Pasteur Milk Report
  36. Chin SF, Strokson JM, Albright KJ, Cook ME, Pariza MW. 1994. Conjugated linoleic acid is a growth factor for rats as shown by enhanced weight gain and improved feed efficiency. J Nutr 124: 2344-2349
  37. Hachey DL, Thomas MR, Emken EA, Garza C, Brown-Booth L, Adlof RO, Klein PD. 1987. Human lactation: maternal transfer of dietary triglycerides labeled with stable isotopes. J Lipid Res 28: 1185-1192

Cited by

  1. Supplementation of Conjugated Linoleic Acid with γ-Oryzanol for 12 Weeks Effectively Reduces Body Fat in Healthy Overweight Korean Women vol.13, pp.3, 2007, https://doi.org/10.3746/jfn.2008.13.3.146