• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제38권10호
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• pp.817-826
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• 2005

Recently it has been reported that vitamin A and retinol binding proteins (RBPs) in blood and urine were changed in the condition of diabetes mellitus or hyperlipidemia. Fruits and vegetables are recommended to consume for the people suffered from these chronic degenerative diseases. The main components of fruits and vegetables are dietary fibers, for example cellulose and pectin, of which function to affect the absorption and excretion of dietary fat and fat-soluble substances. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary fibers on RBPs mRNA expression in liver, small intestine and serum of rat fed high fat diet during 4 weeks. Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 121g on average, were divided into four groups; (Control; $17\%$ fat & cellulose supplement diet, HF0: $25\%$ fat & fiber free diet, B:.Uc: $25\%$ fat & cellulose supplement diet and HF0: $25\%$ fat & pectin supplement diet) . The rats fed high fat diet groups (HF0, HFC, HFP) tended to consume the food less than the control group, but FER of HF0 groups was significantly higher than the control (p < 0.05) . The weight of adrenal gland in high fat diet groups (HF0, HFC, HFP) was significantly less than the control. Total lipid in feces daily excreted and in liver did not show any significant differences among the groups. Total cholesterol in HFP group was significantly different from that of HFC group. Serum total cholesterol and triglyceride in other group tended to lower than other groups and HDL cholesterol higher. Consequently, AI (atherogenic index) was the lowest in HFP group. Vit A contents in feces daily excreted tended to lower in high fat diet groups (HF0, HFP) compared to the control group. That content in adrenal gland was the lowest in HF0 group, but not in liver. In HFP group were down-regulated cRBPI mRNA in liver and cRBPII mRNA in small intestine and up-regulated RBP and transthyretin expression in serum compared to the other groups. In conclusion, dietary fibers, especially pectin, in high fat diet might down-regulate the expression of CRBP I, CRBP II mRNA in liver and small intestine, but increase the secretion of RBP into serum and therefore inhance the bioavailability of Vit A through the body. (Korean J Nutrition 38(10): 817$\sim$826,2005)

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.98-105
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• 1998

Various peptides derived from food are among the most potent physiologically active agents known, and include anticancer peptides, angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE) inhibitor exhibiting antihypertension action, opioid peptides, antithrombotic peptides, hypocholesterolemic peptides, immunomodulators, calcium absorption enhancers, and other peptides. Hydrophobic peptides extracted from a Cheddar-type cheese slurry were fractionated by gel chromatography and repeated HPLC. A peptide fraction from HPLC showed high cytotoxicity on the tumor cell lines such as a human colon carcinoma, and comprised of Tyr, Ser, Leu, Gly, and others. Hypocholesterolemic peptides were isolated from peptic hydrolyzates of casein and soy proteins. Macropeptides of 1,000${\sim}$5,000 dalton were effective on reducing the cholesterol level of mouse serum. Peptides showing high Krigbaum hydrophobicity and ANS surface hydrophobicity resulted in high hypocholesterolemic effect and fecal steroid concentrations. Caseinomacropeptides(CMP) were isolated from whey powder and treated with soluble and immobilized trypsin to obtain antithrombotic peptides. One fraction from the CMP hydrolyzed with immobilized trypsin for 24h exhibited high antithrombotic activity with 52.5% inhibition of platelet aggregation. These result suggested that peptides from various milk products could be utilized as a good bioactive agents for developing health functional foods.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.49-56
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• 2011

The family of bile acids belongs to a group of molecular species of acidic steroids with very peculiar biological characteristics. They are synthesized by the liver from cholesterol through several complementary pathways and secreted into small intestine for the participation in the digestion and absorption of fat. The bile acids are mostly confined to the territories of the so-called enterohepatic circulation, which includes the liver, the biliary tree, the intestine and the portal blood with which bile acids are returned to the liver. In patients with bile acid malabsorption, the amount of primary bile acids in the colon is increased compared to healthy controls. Although the increase in the secondary bile acids including deoxycholic acid, is reported to have the potency to affect tumorigenesis in gastrointestinal tracts, there is no firm evidence that clinically relevant concentrations of the bile acids induce cancer. The list of their physiological roles, as well as that of the pathological processes is long and still not complete. There is no doubt that many new concepts, pharmaceutical tools and pharmacological uses of bile acids and their derivatives will emerge in the near future.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.688-696
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• 2018

Ginseng and probiotics have anti-obesity effects in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Absorption of ginsenoside and colonization of probiotics occur in the intestine. In this study, a mixture of fermented ginseng and two probiotics, Bifidobacterium longum BORI and Lactobacillus paracasei CH88, was administered to HFD-fed mice for 9 weeks. The mixture significantly suppressed weight gain (p < 0.05, n = 8) and lipid deposition in the liver and adipose tissues as well as increased the mice's food intake. The adipocyte size of the adipose tissue was significantly decreased in the mixture-fed group, especially when 0.5% fermented ginseng and $5{\times}10^8/ml$ of the two probiotics were used (p < 0.05, n = 10). The expression of TNF-${\alpha}$ in adipose tissue was efficiently downregulated in the mixture-fed group (p < 0.05, n = 4). The supplement also improved the mice's fasting blood glucose levels (p < 0.05, n = 8) and total cholesterol feces excretion (p < 0.05, n = 8). The mixture of fermented ginseng and B. longum BORI and L. paracasei CH88 could have an anti-obesity effect and suppress lipid deposit in the liver and adipose tissues.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.295-301
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• 2012

콜라겐 성분을 최대로 보호하면서 안정하게 체내로 흡수 될 수 있도록 고순도 수첨 포스 파티딜콜린과 용매사출방법을 이용하여 콜라겐 리포좀을 제조하였다. 리포좀 막의 안정성을 높이기 위해 포스파티딜콜린에 콜레스테롤을 혼합하여, 에탄올과 프로필렌글리콜 혼합용매에 용해하였으며, 이온의 안정화를 위하여 PBS Buffer를 사용하였다. 다양한 변수에 의해 제조된 콜라겐 리포좀의 특성은 동적광산란광도계(DLS), 주사현미경(SEM), 편광현미경(POM)로 분석하였다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.229-243
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• 1997

This study was performed to investigate the effects of dietary fibers from tangerine peels on lipid and cadmium metabolism. And effects were compared with those of commercial dietary fibers($\alpha$-cellulose, citrus pectin). Sixty male rats of Sprague-Dawley strain weighing 186.7$\pm$2.6g were blocked into 12 groups according to body weight, and were raised for 2 weeks. Cadmium chloride was given at the levels of 0 of 400 ppm in diet. Various dietary fibers were given at the level of 0 or 4%(w/w) of diet. The results are summarized as follow. In lipid metabolism, insoluble fibers[insoluble dietary fibers from tangerine peels(IDE), $\alpha$-celluolse] increased fecal excretion of lipids by inhcreasing feces weight, and decreased the concentrations of serum triglyceride and liver lipids. Soluble dietary fibers from tangerine peels(SDF) decreased the concentrations of serum cholesterol and liver lipids by increasing fecal lipids, too. In cadmium metabolism, soluble fivers(SDF, pectin) inhibited Cd absorption by increasing fecal Cd excretion and decreased Cd concentrations of intestion, liver and kidney. In conclusion, among the extracted fibers, SDF were more effective on lipid and Cd lowering activity and IDF had effect of increasing fecal lipid excretion. This result is useful to reduce food waste and utilize waste products.

• 한국유가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국유가공기술과학회 1998년도 제46회 춘계 유가공 심포지움 - 우유 및 유제품의 기능성
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• pp.22-29
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• 1998

Various peptides derived from food are among the most potent physiologically active agents known, and include anticancer peptides, angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE) inhibitor exhibiting antihypertension action, opioid peptides, antithrombotic peptides, hypocholesterolemic peptides, immunomodulators, calcium absorption enhancers, and other peptides. Hydrophobic peptides extracted from a Cheddar-type cheese slurry were fractionated by gel chromatography and repeated HPLC. A peptide fraction from HPLC showed high cytotoxicity on the tumor cell lines such as a human colon carcinoma, and comprised of Tyr, Ser, Leu, Gly, and others. Hypocholesterolemic peptides were isolated from peptic hydrolyzates of casein and soy proteins. Macropeptides of 1,000${\sim}$5,000 dalton were effective on reducing the cholesterol level of mouse serum. Peptides showing high Krigbaum hydrophobicity and ANS surface hydrophobicity resulted in high hypocholesterolemic effect and fecal steroid concentrations. Caseinomacropeptides (CMP) were isolated from whey powder and treated with soluble and immobilized trypsin to obtain antithrombotic peptides. One fraction from the CMP hydrolyzed with immobilized trypsin for 24h exhibited high antithrombotic activity with 52.5% inhibition of platelet aggregation. These results suggested that peptides from various milk products could be utilized as a good bioactive agents for developing health functional foods.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.309-312
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• 2010

This was conducted to determine the effects of body weight, organ weight, hematological values and biochemical parameters by L-carnitine in the ovariectomized (OVX) rats. The animals were divided into 4 groups. Intact group (n=10) received no treatment and operation. Sham group (n=10) received only sham operation and no treatment. OVX group (n=10) received operation and no treatment. OVX+Carn group (n=10) received operation and L-carnitine. Body weight was significantly lower in OVX+Carn group than in all other groups. Also, organ weight such as heart, liver, spleen and kidney was measured. The heart and spleen weight were significantly lower in the OVX+Carn group than in the Intact and Sham group. The liver weight in the OVX+Carn group was significantly differences in comparison with those in the other groups. Also, there was significantly differences in the organ weight of kidney between in the OVX+Carn group and in the other groups. The hematological values of WBC, RBC, MCV, MCH and MCHC were no significant differences in any other groups. The total cholesterol, triglyceride and high density lipoprotein decreased significantly in the OVX+Carn group as compared to those in the OVX group. But, there were no significant differences in low density lipoprotein in any other groups. We conclude that L-carnitine enhanced the body weight in the ovariectomized rats. Our findings suggest that L-carnitine may influence the process of absorption of fat in the ovariectomized rats.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.206-213
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• 2011

본 연구는 Monascus pilosus mycelial ethanol extract (MPME)의 간 손상 예방 효과를 관찰할 목적으로 고지방-고콜레스테롤 식이로 유도한 비만 흰쥐(Sprague-Dawly계)를 대상으로 실험하였다. 실험동물은 정상 대조군(NC)과 고지방-고콜레스테롤 식이군(고지방식이군)으로 분류하였으며, 고지방식이군은 15% lard-1% cholesterol 첨가 5L79 diet로 3주간 성장시켜 비만을 유도한 후 고지방식이 대조군(HF), 0.5% MPME extract 첨가 고지방식이군(MPM) 및 2% CLA (conjugated linoleic acid) 첨가 고지방식이군(CLA)의 4개군 (n=5)으로 나누어 7주 동안 성장시켜 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1일 평균 체중증가량은 NC군은 3.48 g, HF군은 4.48 g인데 비하여 MPM군과 CLA군은 각각 3.09 g 및 4.38 g으로 HF군에 비하여 각각 31.03% 및 2.24%의 감소를 나타내었다. 체중에 대한 간 중량(%)은 모든 실험군에서 NC군에 비해 유의하게 증가하였으나 MPM군은 HF군에 비하여 유의하게 감소하였으며 CLA군은 HF군과의 차이를 보이지 않았다. 간 조직손상의 지표로 이용되는 혈청 ALT와 AST의 활성은 HF군에서는 NC군 보다 2.70배 및 2.55배가 각각 증가하였으며, CLA군은 NC군의 수준으로 회복되지는 못하였으나 HF군에 비해 현저히 감소하였고 MPM군에서는 정상상태인 NC군 수준으로 감소되었다. MPM군과 CLA군의 간조직 reduced glutathione의 함량은 HF군에 비해 높게 나타났으며, 이와 반대로 MPM 및 CLA군의 과산화지질 함량은 현저하게 낮았다. HF군의 간 조직 xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR)의 type O활성과 O/T ratio는 NC군에 비해 증가하였으며, MPM과 CLA군의 경우에는 HF군에 비해 감소하였다. 또한 HF군의 간 조직 superoxide dismutase (SOD) 및 glutathione Stransferase (GST)의 활성은 NC군에 비해 감소하였으나 MPM과 CLA군에서는 HF군에 비해 증가하였다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때, 본 실험의 결과로서는 MPME의 정확한 간 보호기전을 알 수가 없으나 MPME는 지방의 흡수를 억제함과 동시에 SOD와 같은 ROS 제거계 효소의 유도를 통하여 비만과 간 조직 손상을 예방하거나 경감시키는 효과가 있는 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.29-43
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• 1992

1991년 5월 1일 부터 동년 8월 30일 사이에 영남대학교 의과대학 부속병원에서 위암 및 대장암으로 진단받은 환자 73명을 환자군으로, 건강진단을 받기 위해 동병원에 내원한 283명을 대조군으로 하여 셀레니움과 암과의 관련성을 보기 위한 환자-대조군 연구를 실시하였다. 환자군과 대조군의 성, 연령, BMI, 혈압, 혈청 총 콜레스테롤치, 음주, 흡연력을 조사하고 혈액과 손톱의 셀레니움 농도를 flameless furnace atomizer를 부착한 atomic absorption spectrophotometer를 이용하여 측정하였다. 환자군의 혈중 셀레니움 농도는 $143.6{\pm}10.8{\mu}g/l$로서 대조군의 $167.0{\pm}14.5{\mu}g/l$에 비해 유의하게 낮았으며(p<0.05), 발톱의 셀레니움 농도는 $1.04{\pm}0.62{\mu}g/g$로서 대조군의 $1.15{\pm}0.55{\mu}g/g$에 비해 낮게 나타났으나 통계적으로 유의하지는 않았다. 위암과 대장암사이의 혈중 및 발톱 셀레니움 농도의 차이는 유의하지 않았으며, 전이여부에 따른 셀레니움 농도의 차이도 유의하지 않았다. Multiple logistic regression analysis에 혈중 셀레니움 농도를 독립변수로 한 경우 혈중 셀레니움 농도($_aOR$: 0.888, 95% CI: 0.860-0.918)와 연령, BMI 및 혈청 총 콜레스테롤치가 유의한 변수로 나타났으며, 발톱 셀레니움 농도를 독립변수로 한 경우 연령($_aOR$ : 0.140, 95% CI: 1.085-1.199)만이 유의한 변수로 나타났으며 발톱 셀레니움 농도($_aOR$ : 0.870, 95% CI : 0.389-1.950)는 유의 하지 않았다. 이상의 성적은 셀레니움이 암의 발생을 억제한다는 가설과 일치하나 많은 예수, 다른 항산화작용 및 항암효과를 가지는 생화학물질들을 변수로 고려한 역학적 연구가 요망된다.