Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.3839/jabc.2011.034

Protective Effect of Monascus pilosus Mycelial Extract on Hepatic Damage in High-Fat Diet Induced-obese Rats  

Lee, Sang-Il (Department of Food, Nutrition and Culinary Arts, Keimyung College)
Kim, Jae-Won (Faculty of Food Science and Industrial Technology, Catholic University of Daegu)
Lee, Ye-Kyung (Division of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Myongji University)
Yang, Seung-Hwan (Division of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Myongji University)
Lee, In-Ae (Division of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Myongji University)
Suh, Joo-Won (Division of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Myongji University)
Kim, Soon-Dong (Division of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Myongji University)
Publication Information
Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry / v.54, no.3, 2011 , pp. 206-213 More about this Journal
Abstract
Hepatoprotective effects of Monascus pilosus mycelial ethanol extract (MPME) were examined in high-fat diet induced-obese rats. The rats were randomly divided into 2 groups; normal control (NC) and a high-fat and high cholesterol diet group (HFC). The HFC diet group was fed a 5L79 diet supplemented with 15% lard and 1% cholesterol for 3 weeks for induction of obesity. And then, the rats were divided into 4 groups (n=5); the NC, a HFC diet obesity control group (HF), 0.5% MPME supplemented HFC diet group (MPM), and 2% conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplemented HFC diet group for 7 weeks. Whereas the daily weight gain of NC and HFC groups were 3.48 g and 4.48 g, respectively, those of MPM and CLA were 3.09 g and 4.38 g, respectively. Furthermore, activity of serum alanine and aspartic aminotransferase in HF was markedly higher than those of NC group, but, the activity in MPM and CLA was significantly lower than HF. Hepatic reduced glutathione content in MPM and CLA was higher than HF. On the contrary, hepatic lipid peroxide content in MPM and CLA was significantly lower than HF. In conclusion, although the precise mechanisms of the hepatoprotective effects of the MPME in this study are unknown, our study provides experimental evidence that MPME may prevent obesity and hepatic damage by high-fat and high cholesterol diet via inhibition of lipid absorption and induction of reactive oxygen spices scavenging enzyme such as superoxide dismutase.
Keywords
conjugate linolenic acid; hepatic lipid peroxide; hepatoprotective effect; high-fat and high-cholesterol diet; Monascus pilosus mycelial extract; obesity; reactive oxygen spices;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 9  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Aliciguzel Y, Ozen I, Aslan M, and Karayalcin U (2003) Activi-ties of xanthine oxidoreducatse and antioxidant enzymes in different tissues of diabetic rats. J Lab Clin Med 142, 172-177.   DOI   ScienceOn
2 Birch AJ, Cassera A, Fitton P, Holker JSE, Smith H, Tompson GA, and Whalley WB (1962) Studies in relation to biosynthesis. Part XXX. Rotiorin, monascin and rubropunctatin. J Chem Soc 3583- 3587.   DOI
3 Campos SC, Moreira DA, Nunes TD, Colepicolo P, and Brigagão MR (2005) Oxidative stress in alcohol-induced rat parotid sialadenosis. Arch Oral Biol 50, 661-668.   DOI   ScienceOn
4 Carmiel-Haggai M, Cederbaum AI, and Nieto N (2005) A high-fat diet leads to the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in obese rats. FASEB J 19, 136-138.
5 Chen WP, Ho BY, Lee CL, Lee CH, and Pan TM (2008) Red mold rice prevents the development of obesity, dyslipidemia and hyperinsulinemia induced by high-fat diet. Int J Obes (Lond) 32, 1694-1704.   DOI
6 Choi MJ and Yu TS (2004) Effects of red-yeast-rice supplementation on bone mineral density and bone mineral content in overiectomized rats. Korean J Nutr 37, 423-430.
7 Cornelli U (2009) Antioxidant use in nutraceuticals. Clin Dermatol 27, 175-194.   DOI   ScienceOn
8 DeLany JP, Blohm F, Truett AA, Scimeca JA, and West DB (1999) Conjugated linoliec acid rapidly reduces body fat content in mice without affecting energy intake. Am J Physiol 45, R1172-R1179.
9 Duracková Z (2010) Some current insights into oxidative stress. Physiol Res 59, 459-469.
10 Ellman GL (1959) Tissue sulfhydryl group. Arch Biochem Biophys 82, 70-77.   DOI   ScienceOn
11 Im MJ, Manson PN, Bulkley GB, and Hoopes JE (1985) Effects of superoxide dismutase and allopurinol in survival of acute island skin flaps. Ann Surg 201, 357-359.   DOI   ScienceOn
12 Ip C and Scimeca JA (1997) Conjugated linoleic acid and linoleic acid are distinctive modulators of mammary carcinogenesis. Nutr Cancer 27, 131-135.   DOI   ScienceOn
13 Karmen A (1955) A note on the spectrophotometric assay of glutamicoxaloacetic transaminase in human blood serum. J Clin Invest 34, 131-133.
14 Jakoby JB (1978) The glutathione S-transferase. A group of multifunctional detoxification proteins. Adv Enzymol Relat Areas Mol Biol 46, 383-414.
15 Kang KJ, Kim KH, and Park HS (2002) Dietary conjugated linoleic acid did not affect on body fatness, fat cell size and leptin level in male Sprague Dawley rats. Nutr Sci (Korea) 5, 117-122.
16 Kang MR, Kim JY, Hyun YJ, Kim HJ, Yeo HY, Song YD, and Lee JH (2008) The effect of red-yeast-rice supplement on serum lipid profile and glucose control in subjects with impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance. Korean J Nutr 41, 31-40.
17 Keisuke T, Tomio I, Nobukazu T, Hiroshi O, Shirou A, Shouichi T, and Yasue N (1992) Extraction of hypotensive substance from wheat benzi-koji. Nippon Shokuhin Kogyo Gakkaishi 39, 913-918.   DOI
18 Kim EY and Rhyu MR (2008) Antimicrobial activities of Monascus Koji extracts. Korean J Food Sci Technol 40, 76-81.
19 Kim JW, Kim SD, and Youn KS (2010) Effects of chicken treated with Hwangki-BeniKoji sauces on body weight, serum and hepatic lipid profiles of rats fed high fat and high cholesterol diets. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 39, 1270-1278.   DOI   ScienceOn
20 Kiyoshi I, Yoshio M, Keisuke T, Nobukazu T, Sjpiocjo T, Sjorpi A, and Makoto T (1995) Effect of beni-koji extracts on blood pressure in primary hypertensive volunteers. Jpn J Nutr 53, 263- 271.   DOI
21 Kopelman PG (2000) Obesity as a medical problem. Nature 404, 635- 643.
22 Lew EA (1985) Mortality and weight. Insured lives and the American Cancer Society studies. Ann Intern Med 103, 1024-1029.   DOI   ScienceOn
23 Lew EA (1985) Mortality and weight. Insured lives and the American Cancer Society studies. Ann Intern Med 103, 1024-1029.   DOI   ScienceOn
24 Endo A (1979) Monacolin-K, a new hypocholesterolemic agent produced by Monascusspecies. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 32, 852-854.   DOI
25 Endo A (1980) Monacolin K, a new hypocholesterolemic agent that specifically inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 33, 334-336.   DOI
26 Eybl V, $ Kotyzov\acute{a}$ D, and $ Bludovská\acute{a}$ M (2004) The effect of curcumin on cadmium-induced oxidative damage and trace elements level in the liver of rats and mice. Toxicol Lett 151, 79-85.   DOI   ScienceOn
27 Gutteridge JM and Swain J (1993) Lipoprotein oxidation. The 'fruit and vegetable gradient' and heart disease. Br J Biomed Sci 50, 284- 288.
28 Frank L (1991) Developmental aspects of experimental pulmonary oxygen toxicity. Free Radic Biol Med 11, 463-494.   DOI   ScienceOn
29 Furukawa S, Fujita T, Shimabukuro M, Iwaki M, Yamada Y, Nakajima Y, Nakayama O, Makishima M, Matsuda M, and Shimomura I (2004) Increased oxidative stress in obesity and its impact on metabolic syndrome. J Clin Invest 114, 1752-1761.   DOI   ScienceOn
30 Grundy SM (1998) Multi-factorial causation of obesity. Implications for prevention. Am J Clin Nutr 67, 563S-572S.
31 Gwinner W, Scheuer H, Haller H, Brandes RP, and Groene HJ (2006) Pivotal role of xanthine oxidase in the initiation of tubulointerstitial renal injury in rats with hyperlipidemia. Kidney Int 69, 481-487.   DOI   ScienceOn
32 Habig WH, Pabst MJ, and Jacoby WB (1974) Glutathione Stransferase. The first enzymatic step in mercapuric acid formation. J Biol Chem 249, 7130-7139.
33 Halliwell B (2009) The wanderings of a free radical. Free Radic Biol Med 46, 531-542.   DOI   ScienceOn
34 Hashim MS, Lincy S, Remya V, Teena M, and Anila L (2005) Effect of polyphenolic compounds from Coriandrum sati-vum on H2O2- induced oxidative stress in human lympho-cytes. Food Chem 92, 653-660.   DOI   ScienceOn
35 Haumann BF (1996) Conjugated linoleic acid offers research promise. INFORM 7, 152-159.
36 Hill JO, Lin D, Yakubu F, and Peters JC (1992) Development of dietary obesity in rats. Influence of amount andcomposition of dietary fat. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 16, 321-333.
37 Sisk MB, Hausman DB, Martin RJ, and Azain MJ (2001) Dietary conjugated linoleic acid reduces adiposity in lean but not obese Zucker rats. J Nutr 131, 1668-1674.
38 Park Y, Albright KJ, Storkson JM, Liu W, Cook ME, and Pariza MW (1999) Changes in body composition in mice during feeding and withdrawal of conjugated linoleic acid. Lipids 34, 243-248.   DOI   ScienceOn
39 Reitman S and Frankel S (1957) A colorimetric method for the determination of serum glutamic oxalacetic and glutamic pyruvic transaminases. Am J Clin Pathol 28, 56-63.
40 Rhyu MR, Kim EY, and Chung KS (2003) Effect of Monascus koji on the quality characteristics of bologna-type sausage. Korea J Food Sci Technol 35, 229-234.
41 Stripe F and Della Corte E (1969) The regulation of rat liver xanthine oxidase. Conversion in vitro of the enzyme activity from dehydrogenase (type D) to oxidase (type O). J Biol Chem 244, 3855-3863.
42 Valko M, Rhodes CJ, Moncol J, Izakovic M, and Mazur M (2006) Free radicals, metals and antioxidants in oxidative stress-induced cancer. Chem Biol Interact 160, 1-40.   DOI   ScienceOn
43 Wang RS, Nakajima T, and Honma T (1999) Different change patterns of the isozymes of cytochrome P450 and glutathione Stransferases in chemically induced liver damage in rat. Ind Health 37, 440-448.   DOI   ScienceOn
44 Yasukawa K, Takahashi M, Yamanouchi S, and Takido M (1996) Inhibitory effect of oral administration of Monascus pigment on tumor promotion in two-stage carcinogenesis in mouse skin. Oncology 53, 247-249.   DOI   ScienceOn
45 Yoon CG, Lee MK, and Lee SI (1998) Effect of growth on the enzyme activities of oxygen free radical generating and scavenging system in CCl4- treated rats. Korean J Gerontol 8, 35-42.
46 Youn UK, Kim YH, and Kim SD (2003) Pigment and monacolin K content of beni-koji fermented with soybean curd residue. Korean J Food Preserv 10, 360-364.
47 Yu TS, Kim HH, and Yoon CG (2003) Hepatic oxygen free radical metabolizing enzyme activities and serum lipid profile in rats fed diet supplemented with Monascus pigment. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 33, 244-249.
48 Martin JP Jr, Dailey JM, and Sugarman E (1987) Negative and positive assays of superoxide dismutase based on hematoxylin autoxidation. Arch Biochem Biophys 255, 329-336.   DOI   ScienceOn
49 Ma JY, Li Y, Ye Q, Li J, Hua Y, Ju D, Zhang D, Cooper R, and Chang M (2000) Constituents of red yeast rice, a traditional Chinese food and medicine. J Agric Food Chem 48, 5220-5225.   DOI   ScienceOn
50 Mantena SK, Vaughn DP, Andringa KK, Eccleston HB, King AL, Abrams GA, Doeller JE, Kraus DW, Darley-Usmar VM, and Bailey SM (2009) High fat diet induces dysregulation of hepatic oxygen gradients and mitochondrial function in vivo. Biochem J 417, 183-193.   DOI   ScienceOn
51 Martin JP Jr, Dailey JM, and Sugarman E (1987) Negative and positive assays of superoxide dismutase based on hematoxylin autoxidation. Arch Biochem Biophys 255, 329-336.   DOI   ScienceOn
52 Miller CC, Park Y, Pariza MW, and Cook ME (1994) Feeding conjugated linoleic acid to animals partially overcomes catabolic responses due to endotoxin injection. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 198, 1107-1112.   DOI   ScienceOn
53 Munday JS, Thompson KG, and James KA (1999) Dietary conjugated linoleic acids promote fatty streak formation in the C57BL/6 mouse atherosclerosis model. Br J Nutr 81, 251-255.
54 Nohl H and Jordan W (1980) The metabolic fate of mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide. Eur J Biochem 111, 203-210.
55 Oben JE, Enyegue DM, Fomekong GI, Soukontoua YB, and Agbor GA (2007) The effect of Cissus quadrangularis (CQR-300) and a Cissus formulation (CORE) on obesity and obesity-induced oxidative stress. Lipids Health Dis 6, 4.
56 Oh JD, Yoon CG, and Yu TS (2004) Effect of dietary monascus koji on the liver damage induced by bromobenzene in rats. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 33, 965-972.   DOI   ScienceOn
57 Ohkawa H, Ohishi N, and Yagi K (1979) Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Anal Biochem 95, 351-358.   DOI   ScienceOn
58 Park GY, Lee SJ, and Lim JG (1997) Effects of green tea catechin on cytochrome P450, xanthine oxidase activities in liver and liver damage in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 26, 901-907.
59 Parks DA, Williams TK, and Beckman JS (1988) Conversion of xanthine dehydrogenase to oxidase in ischemic rat intestine. A reevaluation. Am J Physiol 254, G768-G774.