• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.78-84
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• 1971

The comparative studies were made on Salicylamide, used individually and compounded with antihistaminics as regards. (1) the absorption rate through isolated rat small intestine (in vitro) (2) the absorption rate through rat small intestine (in vivo), and the following effects were found. 1. The Absorption velosity of 2 m Mole gm. of salicylamide in the small intestine were decreased, when the agents compounded with tripelennamine indicating the greatest absorption inhibition in the case of m Mole gm. of tripelennamine. 2. The Absorption velosity of 2m Mole gm. of salicylamide in the small intestine were decreased, when the agents compounded with diphenhydramine indicating the greatest absorption inhibition in the case of 2m Mole gm. of diphenhydramine. 3. The Absorption velosity of 2m Mole gm. of salicylamide in the small intestine were increased, when the agents compounded with chlorpheniramine indicating the greatest absorption augmentation in the case of 0.2m Mole gm. of chlorpheniramine.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.139-147
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• 1986

A singly charged methyl orange(MO) anion was found to be extracted with chlorpheniramine maleate(CPM) as a 1 : 1 complex in chloroform. Of various solvents, MO-chloroform system gave a yellow color for CPM, while in the absence of CPM, an organic phase showed almost no color. In this way, the spectrophotometric method was investigated for the determination of CPM by solvent extraction. The addition of alcoholic bolic acid solution to the solvent extract gave a higher color stability and transparency at least 5 days, but the extract alone lost its color intensity significantly. CPM is determined by measuring the absorbance of the extracts over a range of $1{\sim}7{\times}10^{-4}M\;(39{\sim}273\;{\mu}g/ml)$ in aqueous solution at 423 nm. The molar absorptivity was $2.26{\times}10^3\;l,\;mol^{-1},\;cm^{-1}$. The absorbance of the extract was constant in the range of pH $3.7{\sim}4.6$. This novel method was applied for the determination of CPM in artificial and commercial preparations in comparison with the analytical method of CPM tablets in K.P.IV. The results obtained showed that the former was better in accuracy and time consumption than the latter.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.23-37
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• 1973

This paper presents the effect of chronic administration of psychotropic drugs on rats. The experimental animals were litter mates (average initial body weight $47{\pm}1.1g$) whose mother were bred at our laboratory. Each litter mate was treated as one group. Control animals were treated with tap water and each experimental group was treated with caffeine citrate 0.1%, nialamide 0.1%, ethyl alcohol 2.5%, phenobarbital sod. 0.1%, diphenylhydantoin 0.1%, chlorpromazine 0.1%, reserpine 0.005%, diazepam 0.01%, chlorpheniramine 0.01% solutions respectively in drinking water over a period of ten weeks. All rats were allowed food and drinking water ad libitum. The mortality rate and the per cent increase of body weight were recorded weekly throughout the course of the experiment. The effects of above agents on the pentobarbital sleeping time, gastric secretion, and brain and liver weights were studied at the end of ten weeks treatment. The obtained results are summarized as follows: 1. Mortality rate was highest in the groups treated with phenobarbital and chlorpromazine respectively. Through the experimental period (ten weeks), the mortality rate was higher in earlier stage than in the later period. 2. During the period of prolonged administration of psychotropic drugs, only diazepam treated group showed remarkable difference in per cent increase of body weight from the control group of rats. 3. Acute treatment with psychotropic drugs delayed the onset of pentobarbital sleeping time. In contrast, the sleeping time was significantly shortened (p<0.001) when the rats were treated chronically with those agents. 4. The effects of chronic treatment with phenobarbital or diphenylhydantoin on the gastric secretion are as follows: the total acidity was remarkably decreased while the pH was increased. 5. The brain weight was significantly decreased in the ethyl alchol and in the chlorpheniramine treated groups, in the mean time, there was no change in liver weight treated with any psychotropic drugs.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.207-210
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• 1991

급격한 기온의 변화가 심한 환절기에 우리는 감기라는 상기도 감염에 잘걸리게 된다. 비록 그 증상이 중하지 않고 또 안정을 하면서 10일정도가 되면 자연히 치유된다 할지라도 때로는 중한 합병증으로 고생하는 수가 있으며 또 두통, 발열, 기관지염, 인후통등으로 인하여 활동이 제한되며 활동능력이 저하되기도 한다. 1991년 6월 20일부터 7월 29일까지 원주 기독병원 내과에서 치료를 받은 30명의 환자에게 $1{\sim}7$일간 SJ-002를 $30\;ml{\times}3/day$를 투여하여 치료한 결과 다음과 같은 유의성 있는 결론을 얻었다. 상기도 감염증 환자 30명 (100.0%) 모두에게서 증상의 호전을 보였다. 부작용은 8명 (26.7%)에서 나타났으며 투약을 중지함으로써 모두 소실되었다. 1. 본 연구에서는 상기도 감염증 환자 30명 (100.0%) 모두에게서 임상증상의 전반적 개선이 관찰되었으며 특히 감기의 제증상에서 나타날 수 있는 증상등의 치료에 유효성이 있는 복합액제라고 생각된다. 2. 복용하는 동안 발전, 변비등의 경미한 부작용 환자 8명이 나타났지만 투약을 중지함으로서 모든 부작용들이 소실되었다. SJ-002(1병 30ml)의 조성은 다음과 같다. Acetaminophen 300mg Ibuprofen 100mg 12.5mg DL-methylephedrine HCl 30mg Caffeine anhydrous 2.5mg Chlorpheniramine maleate 80mg Guaifenesin 15mg Dextromethorphan HBr

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.218-232
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• 2024

Background: Cynara scolymus has bioactive constituents and has been used for therapeutic actions. The present study was undertaken to investigate the mechanisms underlying pain-relieving effects of the hydroethanolic extract of C. scolymus (HECS). Methods: The antinociceptive activity of HECS was assessed through formalin and acetic acid-induced writhing tests at doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg intraperitoneally. Additionally, naloxone (non-selective opioid receptors antagonist, 2 mg/kg), atropine (non-selective muscarinic receptors antagonist, 1 mg/kg), chlorpheniramine (histamine H₁-receptor antagonist, 20 mg/kg), cimetidine (histamine H₂-receptor antagonist, 12.5 mg/kg), flumazenil (GABA_A/BDZ receptor antagonist, 5 mg/kg) and cyproheptadine (serotonin receptor antagonist, 4 mg/kg) were used to determine the systems implicated in HECS-induced analgesia. Impact of HECS on locomotor activity was executed by open-field test. Determination of total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) was done. Evaluation of antioxidant activity was conducted employing 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay. Results: HECS (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) significantly indicated dose dependent antinociceptive activity against pain-related behavior induced by formalin and acetic acid (P < 0.001). Pretreatment with naloxone, atropine and flumazenil significantly reversed HECS-induced analgesia. Antinociceptive effect of HECS remained unaffected by chlorpheniramine, cimetidine and cyproheptadine. Locomotor activity was not affected by HECS. TPC and TFC of HECS were 59.49 ± 5.57 mgGAE/g dry extract and 93.39 ± 17.16 mgRE/g dry extract, respectively. DPPH free radical scavenging activity (IC₅₀) of HECS was 161.32 ± 0.03 ㎍/mL. Conclusions: HECS possesses antinociceptive activity which is mediated via opioidergic, cholinergic and GABAergic pathways.

• 생약학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.256-261
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• 1988

The present studies were investigated to find out the uterus contractive components and action mechanism of contractive components. We observed that the contractive components of Dianthi Herba were extracted with methanol and dissolved in butanol. The butanol extracts of Dianthi Herba increased uterus contractility, and fraction 2 obtained from butanol extract was more powerful than other fractions. This action was not blocked by atropine, papaverine, prazosin, propranolol, chlorpheniramine, methysergide and diltiazem in vitro.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.30-33
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• 1971

Comparative studies were made on the analgesic effect of salicylamide, used individually and combined with parasympatholytics (propantheline and atropine) and antihistaminics (tripelennamine, diphenhydramine) as regards the analgesic effect (in thermal contact method) were examined by its oral administration with each combined drug to mouse (three assumption cross-over test), and the following effects were found. 1. The increasing order of the parasympatholytics to the analgesic effect of salicylamide is as follows: propantheline>atropine. 2. The increasing order of the antihistaminics to the analgesic effect of salicylamide is as follows: chlorpheniramine>diphenhdramine>tri pelennamine. In the ratio '1 : 1' salicylamide to parasympatholytics and antihistaminics, the analgesic effect of salicylamide was more increase than the other ratio in this study.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.23-32
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• 2008

In the present study, ROS detection of L5178Y cells that were treated with twenty test compounds in order to find out hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) induction for genotoxicity and carcinogenic toxicity. Twenty test compounds were consist of four classes, such as genotoxic carcinogens, genotoxic noncarcinogens, nongenotoxic carcinogens, and nongenotoxic noncarcinogens. Genotoxic carcinogens are 1,2-dibromoethane, glycidol, melphalan, diethylstilbestrol and urethane. Genotoxic noncarcinogens are 8-hydroxyquinoline, emodin, acetonitrile and diallylphthalate, L-ascorbic acid. Nongenotoxic carcinogens are methyl carbamate, O-nitrotoluene, 1,4-dioxane, tetrachloroethylene and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. And nongenotoxic noncarcinogens are D-mannitol, 1,2-dichlorobenzene, caprolactam, bisphenol A and chlorpheniramine maleate.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.6-14
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• 1981

Safety, efficacy and reliability are the three basic criteria that define the quality of any well-designed pharmaceutical dosage form. Content uniformity directly bears on each of the three criteria defining the quality of drug product. Effect of manufacturing methods and physicochemical properties of the drug on content uniformity of tablets was investigated. Chlorpheniramine maleate and micronized salicylic acid were used as main ingredients. Three different methods for incorporation of main ingredients with diluents were solvent mixing method, geometric dilution method, and simple mixing method. The solvent mixing method was the best one of the three.

• 약학회지
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.539-546
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• 1997

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is perceived as an attractive tool for the analysis of pharmaceuticals and biological materials because of their high separation efficiency, easy separation and low running cost. New concept of micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MECC) expanded the application of CE to the separation of neutral molecules. Validation of CE as an analytical technique for quality control of pharmaceuticals should be confirmed by quantitative analysis and the peak confirmation. In this study, the quantitative analyses of various types of neutral, acidic and basic components (acetaminophen, caffeine, ascorbic acid, riboflavin, thiamine, chlorpheniramine, phenylpropanolamine, dl-methylephedrine and dextromethorphan) in complex cold medicines have been accomplished using CE. Combined methods of MECC using SDS and capillary zone electrophoresis lowering the pH of running buffer were adopted to determine the ingredients in capsule type or liquid formula complex medicines without particular sample pretreatment. The results indicate that CE is a promising technique for quality control analysis of pharmaceuticals as a validation method.