• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.965-970
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• 2009

Oleuropein content of olive leaf extracts (OLE; ethanol extract) was evaluated by high performance liquid chromatography analysis. Oleuropein contents were $4.21{\pm}0.57$, $3.92{\pm}0.43$, $0.32{\pm}0.03$, $5.76{\pm}0.32$, and $32.47{\pm}0.25$ mg/100 g for ethanol extract, and hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and butanol fraction, respectively. The removal of DPPH free radical increased in OLE and all 5 fractions of OLE in a concentration dependent manner. In order to investigate the antioxidant effect of OLE in vitro, 80%(v/v) ethanol OLE, $H_2O_2$, or combined treatment of 80%(v/v) ethanol OLE and $H_2O_2$ were applied on mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells. Cells were damaged by oxidative stress decreased their viability followed by increasing concentration of $H_2O_2$, but co-treatment of OLE and $H_2O_2$ showed an increase in cell growth about 20% compare to the cells treated with $H_2O_2$. OLE suppresses cytotoxicity induced by $H_2O_2$ in dose dependent manner. OLE treatment on MEF cells was also examined by analyzing cell cycle and apoptotic rate using flow cytometry. Apoptotic and necrotic cell accumulation was decreased in addition of OLE to $H_2O_2$ compare to the oxidative damaged cells. Taken together, these results demonstrated that OLE suppresses cytotoxicity induced by $H_2O_2$ and protect cells against oxidative stress on MEF cells.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.298-302
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• 2000

식용버섯 유래의 저분자 대사산물을 탐색하던 중 충남 계룡산 일대에서 채집한 능이버섯(Sarcodon aspratus)으로부터 7종의 화합물을 분리하였다. 능이버섯을 메탄올에 추출한 후 용매분획하여 그 중 화합물이 많이 함유된 chloroform층과 ethyl acetate층에 대하여 각각 silica gel 및 Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography를 수행하였다. 주요 대사산물을 함유하고 있는 분획물을 TLC 및 분취용 HPLC를 사용하여 최종적으로 정제하여 7종의 화합물을 분리하였다. 이들 화합물은 $^1H\;NMR$, mass 분석 및 문헌 data와 비교하여 각각 4-hydroxybenzoic acid methyl ester, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, cyclo(Ala-Pro), adenosine, nicotinamide, BL V, linoleic acid으로 동정되었다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.619-625
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• 2001

Diabetes mellitus was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 200-245g by injection of streptozotocin(STZ) into the tail vein at a dose of 45mg/kg and were divided into seven groups ; normal, diabetic control, and five experimental groups(fractions of hexane, chloroform(CHCl$_3$), ethylacetate(EtOAc), butanol(BuOH) and water($H_2O$)). The rats of all groups were fed on AIN-93 diet and the five experimental groups were orally administered each fraction for 14 days. The body weight and diet intake were monitored daily. The plasma levels of glucose, insulin, cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, free fatty acid and aspartate and alanine aminotransferase activities were analyzed. Diabetic rats showed the lower weight gain compared to the normal rats. The plasma glucose levels of the CHCl$_3$, and $H_2O$ fraction groups were significantly lower than the other experimental groups. The plasma insulin level of the CHCl$_3$ fraction group was much higher than that of diabetic control group. The plasma cholesterol levels were increased in all the experimental groups. The groups of hexane, BuOH and H2() fractions showed the lower plasma triglyceride levels compared to diabetic control group. The plasma free fatty acid levels were not significantly different in all groups. HDL-cholesterol levels were definitely higher in hexane, CHCl$_3$ and EtOAc fraction groups than that of diabetic control group. In conclusion, administration of CHCl$_3$ and $H_2O$ fractions of methanol extract of Alisma canaliculatum exhibited hypoglycemic effects in STZ induced diabetic rats, showing the possibility of therapeutic use of Alisma canaliculatum to the diabetes mellitus.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.621-625
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• 2004

청미래덩굴잎의 ethanol 추출물로부터 얻은 용매별 각 분획물의 전자공여능, 아질산염소거능 그리고 항균활성을 측정한 결과 다음과 같다. 각 용매별 분획의 수율은 극성이 높은 수용성 분획과 methanol분획이 각각 63.73%와 26.40%로 높게 나타났다. 전자공여능은 ethyl acetate 분획에서 가장 높게 나타났으며 10분간 반응시켰을 때 약 81%정도 달했다. 반면 chloroform분획에서는 약 26%로 가장 낮았다. 아질산 염소거능은 ethyl acetate와 butanol분획에서 가장 높게 나타났다. 항균활성은 모든 분획의 2.5%와 5.0%의 농도에서 Gram(+)균인 Listeria monocytogenes와 Staphylococcus aureus에 대해 항균작용이 나타났으나 2.5%농도에서는 Gram (-)균인 Escherichia coli O157:H7과 Salmonella Typhimurium에 대해서는 전혀 활성이 없었으며 5.0%농도에서는 ethanol 추출물, ethyl acetate와 물분획에서 아주 낮은 활성이 측정되었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.1069-1073
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• 1996

해조류의 기능특성 해석의 일환으로 해조류 중 갈조류인 미역 (Undaria pinnattnda), 감태 (Ecklonia stolonifera), 곰피(Ecklonia cava), 다시마(Laminaria japonica) 및 모자반(Sargussum fulvellum)과 녹조류인 청각(Codium fragile), 파래(Enteromorpha compressa) 및 홍조류인 김(Porphyra tenera)등을 시료로 하여, 생체내 퓨린대사에서 xanthine 및 hypoxanthine으로 부터 요산을 형성, 혈액 중 이상 고요산 증상에 의하여 신장질환 및 통풍을 유발하는 효소인 xanthine oxidase 저해작용에 대하여 살펴 본 결과, 갈조류의 다시마과 Ecklonia 속인 감태와 곰피가 가장 높은 저해율을 나타내었으며, 용매 추출물에 있어서는 diethyl ether>ethyl acetate>chloroform>수용성 획분의 순으로 나타났다. 또한 xanthine oxidase 저해작용이 가장 높은 감태 diethyl ether 추출물을 silica gel column chromatography, thin layer chromatography 및 HPLC를 통하여 xanthine of idase 저해 인자를 분리한 결과, xanthine oxidase 저해작용이 가장 강한 활성성분은 420, 456, 467nm에서 흡수파장을 가지는 물질로서, 이는 siphonaxanthine인 것으로 추정되었다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.367-376
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• 2009

This study aimed to determine the antioxidant and antibacterial effects of solvent extracts from Scutellaria baicalensis. The S. baicalensis was successively extracted with 5 kinds of solvents. The obtained samples were as follows; hexan fraction (IPK-1), chloroform fraction(IPK-2), ethyl acetate fraction(IPK-3), butanol fraction(IPK-4), and water fraction(IPK-5). These extracts were determined to process antibacterial effects using a paper disc method against 18 species of human pathogenic bacteria, antioxidant activity using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) method and inhibiting ability of linoleic acid autoxidation. Extracts of S. baicalensis has shown selective antibacterial effects on various strains of bacteria. Ethyl acetate fraction(IPK-3) showed the highest antimicrobial activity against selective bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus 285, S. aureus 503. In antioxidant activity test, free radical scavenger activity of IPK-3 fraction was 92% compared with BHA at the same concentration, while lipid peroxidation inhibition was 48%. These results suggest that IPK-3 fraction of S. baicalensis could be suitable in development of antimicrobial and antioxidant agents.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.176-181
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• 2002

Astaxanthin (3,3＇-dihydroxy-${\beta}$, ${\beta}$-carotene-4-4＇-dione), a natural pigment of pink to red color, is widely distributed in nature particularly in the skin layer of salmonoids and the crust of shrimp, lobster, etc. Recently, it was produced from the yeast culture of Phaffia rhodozyma. Because of its high thermal stability and antioxidant functionality, its applications can be extended into food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical ingredient beyond the traditional feed additive. Because of its very high lipophilicity, astaxanthin has been extracted traditionally by strong organic solvents such as chloroform, petroleum ether, acetone, etc. In this study, we developed a surfactant-based solubillization system for astaxanthin, and used it to extract astaxanthin from disrupted yeast cells. Among Tween 20, Triton X-100 and SDS, Tween 20 was identified as the most suitable surfactant in terms of extraction capacity and safety. The ethylene oxide group of Tween 20 was identified as the most significant factor to increase the HLB value that determined the extraction capacity. The effects of micelle formation condition, such as the molar ratio of astaxanthin and Tween 20, pH, and ionic strength were also investigated. pH and ionic strength showed no significant effects. The optimal molar ratio between astaxanthin and Tween 20 was 1 : 12. Antioxidant activity of astaxanthin was higher than ${\beta}$-carotene and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol. Astaxanthin in the crude extract from the yeast cell was more resistant to air and/or light degradation than pure astaxanthin, probably because of the presence of other carotenoids and lipids.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.1031-1038
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• 2012

Background: Turmeric ($Curcuma$ $longa$) has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antitumor properties. However, despite the progress in research with $C.$ $longa$, there is still a big lacuna in the information on the active principles and their molecular targets. More particularly very little is known about the role of cell cycle genes $p57^{kip2}$ and Rad9 during chemoprevention by turmeric and its derivatives especially in prostate cancer cell lines. Methods: Accordingly, in this study, we have examined the antitumor effect of several extracts of $C.$ $longa$ rhizomes by successive fractionation in clonogenic assays using highly metastatic PC-3M prostate cancer cell line. Results: A mixture of isopropyl alcohol: acetone: water: chloroform: and methanol extract of $C.$ $longa$ showed significant bioactivity. Further partition of this extract showed that bioactivity resides in the dichloromethane soluble fraction. Column chromatography of this fraction showed presence of biological activity only in ethyl acetate eluted fraction. HPLC, UV-Vis and Mass spectra studies showed presence three curcuminoids in this fraction besides few unidentified components. Conclusions: From these observations it was concluded that the ethyl acetate fraction showed not only inhibition of colony forming ability of PC-3M cells but also up-regulated cell cycle genes $p57^{kip2}$ and Rad9 and further reduced the migration and invasive ability of prostate cancer cells.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.174-178
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• 2007

본 연구는 고추냉이로부터 항균활성을 가지는 휘발성황 화합물인 AITC를 중점으로 ITCs 류를 $SCO_2$를 이용한 추출 목적으로 하였다. 연구에서 semi-continuous flow 추출장치를 이용해 AITC를 추출한 결과 기존의 에테르나 에탄올 등 유기용매와 비교 시 7.9 AITC (mg)/sample (g)가 추출되어 비슷한 추출율을 보였으며 이는 기존의 유기용매 추출시 문제가 되는 용매회수와 잔존유기용매에 의한 독성 문제 등을 해결할 수 있는 추출법으로써 $SCO_2$추출이 효과적임을 알 수 있다. 또한 AITC의 $SCO_2$ 추출 시 잎과 줄기에서는 40$^{\circ}C$, 80 bar의 조건에서 가장 많은 량이 추출되었으며, 뿌리에서는 40$^{\circ}C$, 120 bar에서 가장 많은 추출량을 나타내었다. 또한 추출시간의 경우 유기용매 추출과 비교했을 때 추출시간을 줄일 수 있어 추출에 소요되는 시간을 절약할 수 있는 좋은 추출방법이다.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.244-253
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• 2007

The present study was carried out to investigate the antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant effect of chloroform and methanol extract of whole plant of Ichnocarpus frutescens (CEIF and MEIF) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Administration of CEIF and MEIF orally at the dose of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg body weight resulted in significant (P<0.01) reduction in blood glucose levels. The body weights were significantly (P<0.001) reduced in STZ-induced diabetic rats when compared to normal rats while the extracts significantly (P<0.01) prevented the decrease in body weight in the CEIF and MEIF treated rats. The study was further undertaken to evaluate the antioxidant and antihyperlipidemic potential of CEIF and MEIF in STZ-induced diabetic rats. The increased levels of lipid peroxidation in the liver tissues of diabetic rats were significantly reverted back to normal levels and a significant increase in activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase and the level of reduced glutathione in the liver of diabetic rats after the treatment with CEIF and MEIF was noticed. These results clearly indicate that CEIF and MEIF exhibit significant antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic and in vivo antioxidant activity in STZ-induced diabetic rats and the results were found to be in a dose dependent manner.