• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.60-65
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• 1997

Solvent extraction of alkali metal and alkaline earth metal cations by mono-crown ether(benzo-15-crown-5) and bis-(crown ether)s(ethylenediamine bis(4'-formyl benzo-15-crown-5)) containing benzo-15-crown-5 moieties were investigated with water-chloroform system at $25^{\circ}C$. The order of the extraction equilibrium constants($K_e$) and the complexation constants($K_c$) for the alkali metal and alkaline earth metal cations with mono-crown ether and bis-(crown ether)s were Ca(II)>Na(I)>Sr(II)>K(I)>Mg(II)>Rb(I) and Sr(II)>Ca(II)>K(I)>Rb(I)>Mg(II)>Na(I) respectively. These results were explained in terms of the size effect of metal cation and electron density effect. Also, the bis-(crown ether)s was found to extract metal cations more effectively than the corresponding mono-crown ether.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2004.06a
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• pp.253-257
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• 2004

Platelet aggregation is a complex phenomenon that probably involves several intracellular biochemical pathways. When activated, platelets change shape, aggregate and release the contents of their intracellular granules. The interactions between platelets and blood vessel walls are important in the development of thrombosis and cardiovascular diseases. When blood vessels are damaged, platelet aggregation occurs rapidly to form haemostatic Plugs or arterial thrombi at the sites of vessel injury or in regions where blood flow is disturbed. These thrombi are the source of thromboembolic complications of atherosclerosis, heart attacks, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease. Therefore, the inhibition of platelet function represents a promising approach for the prevention of thrombosis. Plants constitute a rich source of bioactive chemicals such as phenolics, terpenoids and alkaloids. Plant extracts may be an alternative to currently used medicinal source because they constitute a rich source of bioactive chemicals. This study was performed to investigate the antiplatelet activity of extract of Tabebuia impetiginosa Martius ex DC (Taheebo) and find out which fractions to this activity in rabbit platelet. Taheebo was methanol extracted and solvent fractionated in to five fractions (hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate, butanol and water). And each fractions were investigated inhibitory effects on platelet aggregation induced by various agonists using washed rabbit platelets in vitro.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.410-417
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• 1999

Antimicrobial activity of Plantain(Plantago asiatica L.) was investigated. Methanol extract of dried Plantain was fractionated to hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate, butanol and aqueous fraction. Ethylacetate fraction among these fractions showed the highest inhibitory effect on the microorganisms such as B. subtilis, E. coli, and V. parahaemolyticus at 500 $\mu\textrm{g}$/disc. Ethylacetate fraction was further fractionated into 8 fractions by silica gel column and thin layer chromatography(TLC). The results showed that ethylacetate fractions No. 2 and 3 had the highest anti-microbial activity. They were mixed again, re-separated, and seven fractions were obtained. Among them, No.4 and 6 fraction had the highest inhibitory effect on the microorganisms, which were then separated into four fractions. In the 3rd fractionation, No.4 fraction was identified as hexadecanoic acid by HPLC, $^1$H-NMR and GC-MS.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.233-239
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• 2010

Supercritical carbondioxide is very effective in removing oils from a variety of seed matrices, devoid of any appreciable amount of phospholipid content. However, the limited solubility of phosphalipids in supercritical carbondioxide leaves behind a potentially valuable by-product in spent seed matrix. Any phospholipid extraction process from the spent matrix must maintain the structure and the quality of phospholipids and must be compatible with the end use of the seed protein meal an animal feed or for human consumption. An initial supercritical carbondioxide extraction of soybean flakes was performed at 32 MPa and $80^{\circ}C$ to extract the oils, leaving the phospholipids in the deflatted soybean flakes, A second step was performed on the defatted soybean flake using $X_{eth}$=0.10, Varying the pressure from 175 MPa to 70.6 MPa and temperature from $60^{\circ}C$ to $80^{\circ}C$. For all supercritical carbon dioxide/ethanol mixture extractions, a fraction rich in phospholipids was obtained. The fractions extracted from defatted soybean flakes were dried and them redissolved in chloroform before HPLC-ELSD analysis. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of phospholipids on soybean seeds, defatted soybean flake, and different extracted phospholipid fractions was carried out, to ascertain the effect of extraction pressure and temperature.

• ALGAE
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.341-349
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• 2018

Sargassum horneri is edible brown seaweed abundant along the coasts of Jeju Island, South Korea. In addition to the native S. horneri population, a large amount of S. horneri has been found to invade Jeju Island from the east coast of China. Thus, S. horneri of both Korea (SK) and China (SC) strains now inhabits along with the shore of Jeju Island and have become a threat to the coastal biodiversity. However, they could be used in obtaining functional ingredients for industrial level applications provided an optimized cost effective strategy. In the present study, we compared SK and SC strains for the extraction efficiency, components, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties of 80% methanolic extracts and their partially purified fractions. According to the results, two strains indicated similar bioactive properties such as DPPH and alkyl radical scavenging activity as well as anti-inflammatory activities on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. The yield of 80% methanol extract from SC was higher than SK. However, the yields of the ethyl acetate and chloroform fractions from SK were higher than those of SC strain. The major peaks in the high-performance liquid chromatography chromatograms, which was identified as Apo-9 fucoxanthinone, indicated that both methanolic extracts of SK and SC contains major target peaks but with different amounts. This study might be useful for developing functional materials from SC and SK in future.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.7-16
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• 2019

Objectives : Hemistepta lyrata Bunge (Bunge) has been used for treating wound, hemorrhage, fever in Korean traditional medicine. Present study investigated anti-inflammatory effect of H. lyrata chloroform extract (HLE) and its molecular mechanism involved. Methods : To assess anti-inflammatory effect of HLE, production of nitric oxide (NO) and expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and pro-inflammatory cytokines were measured on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Moreover, nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$ (NF-${\kappa}B$) signaling pathway was examined to elucidate its molecular mechanism. Results : Pretreatment of HLE inhibited NO production in a concentration dependent manner. HLE also decreased expression of iNOS and COX-2, and alleviated expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Moreover, HLE pretreatment inhibited phosphorylation of inhibitory-${\kappa}B{\alpha}$ and p65. Conclusions : These results suggest that HLE exhibits anti-inflammatory effect via inhibition of NF-${\kappa}B$.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.35-42
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• 2019

We investigated the protective effects of antioxidant fractions from a 70% ethanolic extract of Hizikia fusiformis in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). Powdered H. fusiformis was extracted with 70% ethanol and then partitioned into three fractions according to polarity using n-hexane (HFH), chloroform (HFC), and ethyl acetate (HFEA). Antioxidant activity was observed in HFEA at 0.66 mg/mL based on the half maximal inhibitory concentration ($IC_{50}$) of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and at 0.24 mg/mL based on alkyl radical scavenging. The protective effects of the HFEA antioxidant fraction against 2,2-azobis-(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH)-damaged HDFs and the expression of Type I procollagen in HDFs were examined. HFEA caused the proliferation of HDFs with and without AAPH treatment and protected against AAPH damage to HDFs in a dose-dependent manner ($50-200{\mu}g/mL$). This implies that the antioxidant properties of the fractions depended on their proliferative and protective effects. The HFEA antioxidant fraction had significant effects and caused the dose-dependent expression of Type I procollagen, an important anti-wrinkle protein, in HDFs. In conclusion, antioxidant substances in H. fusiformis were found in the ethyl acetate fraction, and the resulting HFEA may have cosmetic applications.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.189-201
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• 2022

Jellyfish is an emerging aquaculture species, farmed for Oriental cuisines and nutraceutical ingredients. This study aimed to examine antioxidative and antimicrobial potentials of various fractions of the jellyfish, Acromitus hardenbergi. The bell and oral arms of the jellyfish were sequentially extracted with petroleum ether (PE), dichloromethane (DCM), chloroform (CHCl₃), methanol (MeOH), and water (H₂O) to extract its bioactive in an increasing polarity gradient. Test fractions were assayed for antiradical activities using electron spin resonance spectrometry, β-carotene-linoleate model and Folin-Ciocalteu assay; and antimicrobial activity against 2 Gram-negative bacteria, 4 Gram-positive bacteria and 2 fungal species using the disc diffusion assay. All fractions were also subjected to Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis to identify types of functional groups present. It was found that the hydrophilic extracts (H₂O fractions) possessed the most effective radical scavenging activity (p < 0.05) while the lipophilic extracts (PE fractions) the most active antimicrobial activity, especially against Gram-positive bacteria (p < 0.05). Total oxidation substrates content was found to be highest in the PE fractions of jellyfish bell and oral arms (p < 0.05). FTIR data showed that the H₂O and MeOH fractions contains similar functional groups including -OH, -C=O, -N-H and -S=O groups, while the PE, DCM, and CHCl₃ fractions, the -CH₃, -COOH groups. This study showed that A. hardenbergi contains antioxidants and antimicrobials, thereby supporting the traditional claim of the jellyfish as an anti-aging and health-promoting functional food. Bioassay-guided fractionation approach serves as a critical milestone for the strategic screening, purification, and elucidation of therapeutically significant actives from jellyfish.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.283-293
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• 2023

Objectives : Native to East Asia, Japan, and Korea, Cinnamomum japonicum Siebold (CJ) is renowned for its aromatic leaves and bark. We previously assessed the antioxidant activity of fractionated CJ branches (CJB:70% EtOH extract), including hexane (CJB1), chloroform (CJB2), ethyl acetate (CJB3), butanol (CJB4), and water (CJB5). Our findings revealed that CJB3 exhibited the highest antioxidant activity. Here, we aimed to investigate whether CJB3 possesses cytoprotective effects and induces the activity of antioxidant enzymes in hepatocytes. Methods : As HepG2 cells were the first to exhibit the key characteristics of hepatocytes, we investigated the hepatoprotective effects of CJB3 on HepG2 cells. Results : Before conducting the cell experiment, we checked that CJB3, up to a concentration of 100 ㎍/mL, did not exhibit cytotoxicity toward HepG2 cells. ROS production increased because of t-BHP treatment decreased in a concentration-dependent manner upon CJB3 treatment. We confirmed that CJB3 inhibited t-BHP-induced cell death. CJB3 was found to reverse the expression of proteins associated with t-BHP-induced apoptosis. We also observed that CJB3 induced Nrf2 phosphorylation and the nuclear translocation of Nrf2. And, CJB3 treatment caused a time-dependent enhancement of GCL and NQO1 protein expression. We further confirmed that CJB3 increased the expression of Nrf2 target genes, and this effect was associated with the activation of JNK, p38, and AMPK. Conclusion : CJB3 prevents t-BHP-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis and enhances the expression of Nrf2 target genes via JNK, p38, and AMPK activation. These results suggest that CJB3 is a promising candidate for the treatment of liver diseases.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.8
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• pp.1137-1143
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• 2015

This study investigated the free radical-scavenging and antitumor activities of hot water, water, acetone, ethanol, ethyl acetate, chloroform, and hexane extracts of fruits and leaves from Prunus mume. The various extracts were evaluated for their total polyphenol, flavonoid, and tannin contents, scavenging activities by DPPH and ABTS analyses, reducing power, protective effects against oxidative stress in L-132 cells, and antitumor activities against A549, HeLa, and U87 cancer cells. Ethanol extracts of fruits and leaves showed the highest total polyphenol content (336.41 and 523 mg GAE/100 g, respectively). DPPH and ABTS radical-scavenging activities increased according to concentration of fruit. DPPH radical-scavenging activity of ethanol extracts from leaves was 65.48% at $200{\mu}g/mL$. All extract fractions of leaves showed high ABTS radical-scavenging activities. The reducing power activities increased according to increasing concentration of fruits and leaves. All extracts of leaves performed better than extracts of fruits in terms of protective effects against oxidative stress in L-132 cells. Ethyl acetate, chloroform, hexane, ethanol extracts of fruits and leaves showed anticancer activities against A549, HeLa, and U87 cancer cells. However, ethanol extracts of fruits and leaves showed no toxicity in normal cells (BNLCL2). This study suggests that antioxidant activities of fruits and leaves from P. mume depend on polyphenol contents. Thus, fruits and leaves from P. mume can be useful as natural antioxidant compounds.