• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.10-16
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 클링커 및 시멘트의 염소 함량에 따른 특성 변화를 분석하기 위해, 혼합원료 제조 시 CaCl₂를 첨가하여 클링커를 제조하였다. 이때 클링커 모듈러스는 LSF(Lime Saturation Factor) 92, SM(Silica Modulus) 2.5 및 IM(Iron Modulus) 1.5로 고정하였다. 또한 염소 함유 클링커를 사용하여 시멘트를 제조한 후 물리적 특성도 시험하였다. 염소 함량 증가에 따라 클링커의 free-CaO가 감소하였으며, 특히 염소 함량 0ppm 대비 2000ppm 조건에서 약 40% 감소하였다. 또한 chlormayenite 생성량도 증가하여, 2000ppm 클링커에서 최대치인 3.4%가 존재하였다. Alite와 belite 생성량도 소폭 증가하였다. 모르타르의 3일 및 7일 압축강도는 염소함량 증가에 따라 상승하였으며, 이는 염소 성분에 의한 시멘트 수화촉진 영향으로 추정되었다. 특히 1000ppm 모르타르의 압축강도는 0ppm 모르타르 대비 약 20%가 상승하는 결과가 도출되기도 하였다.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.52-57
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• 2004

Content of chlorine in s쇼rene-DVB copolymer was decreased as crosslink increased and it is because as crosslink increased $1\%,\;2\%,\;5\%\;and\;10\%$ DVB content increased and crosslink density increased and cavity was reduced. Functional group of resin almost disappeared as C-C1 peak around $700cm^{-1}$ was substituted with 1-aza-12-C-4 macrocyclic ligand and new peak of C-N around $1020cm^{-1}$ appeared, so it was confirmed that styrene-DVB copolymer and ligand were compounded. As crosslink increased in the analysis of element contents, it resulted in the reduction of nitrogen content and it is because as crosslink increased, it led to the reduction of chlorine content in the process of substitution reaction and it affected macrocyclic ligand substituted. Form of functional synthetic resin showed distortion of its particles as macrocyclic ligand was introduced to styrene-DVB copolymer and hydrogen of ligand caused substitution with chlorine element of styrene molecule.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.49-60
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• 2006

The ion exchange resins have been synthesized from chlormethyl styrene - 1,4 - divinylbenzene(DVB) with 1%, 2%, 4% and 8%-crosslinking and 1-aza-18-crown-6 macrocyclic ligand by copolymerization method. Content of chlorine in styrene-DVB copolymer was decreased as crosslink increased and it is because as crosslink increased 1%, 2%, 4% and 8% DVB content increased and crosslink density increased and cavity was reduced. Functional group of resin almost disappeared as C-C1 peak around $700cm^{-1}$ was substituted with 1-aza-18-C-6 macrocyclic ligand and new peak of C-N around $1020cm^{-1}$ appeared, so it was confirmed that styrene-DVB copolymer and ligand were compounded. As crosslink increased in the analysis of element contents, it resulted in the reduction of nitrogen content and it is because as crosslink increased, it led to the reduction of chlorine content in the process of substitution reaction and it affected macrocyclic ligand substituted. Thermo analysis curve of functional synthetic resin decomposed three part of 1-aza-18-C-6, styrene, and DVB. Form of functional synthetic resin showed distortion of its particles as macrocyclic ligand was introduced to styrene-DVB copolymer and hydrogen of ligand caused substitution with chlorine element of styrene molecule.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.17-26
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• 2004

This study was conducted to get the informations for reducing the variation of chemical contents of leaf tobacco. The contents and variations of some chemical constituents of leaf(Leaf, Grade 2) produced in various growing areas from 1999 to 2003 and the effects of meteorological factors on the chemical constituents of leaf were analysed. The contents of analysed constituents of leaf showed high significant differences among crop years in flue-cured and burley, particularly the variation among crop years were higher in chlorine and nicotine contents while lower in total nitrogen content. There were significant differences among growing areas in nicotine and total sugar contents of flue-cured leaf and chlorine content of burley leaf. The total sugar content were negatively correlated to the nicotine and total nitrogen contents in flue-cured leaf. The average air temperature in June and July were positively correlated to the nicotine content of leaf while negatively to total sugar, and the precipitation in May were negatively correlated to the nicotine while positively to total sugar.

• 한국세라믹학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국세라믹학회 2000년도 추계총회,초청강연,특별강연,연구발표회
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• pp.54.1-54
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• 2000

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제31권10호
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• pp.1188-1196
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• 1994

TiN films were deposited onto high speed steel(SKH9) and silicon wafer by plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition(PACVD) using a TiCl4/N2/H2/Ar gas mixture. The effects of deposition temperature, R.F. power, and H2 concentration on the deposition of TiN were studied. The residual chlorine content and the microhardness of TiN films were also investigated. It was found that TiN films grew with a columnar structure of a strong (200) preferred orientation regardless of the substrate type and the deposition variables. The TiN films consisted of columnar-grains of about 50 to 100 nm in diameter. The columnar grains themselves contained much finer fibrous grains. As deposition temperature increased, the residual chlorine content decreased sharply. R. F. powder enhanced the deposition rate largely. Increasing of H2 concentration had little effect on the residual chlorine.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.95-102
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• 2003

To get the informations of quality uniformity of threshed burley tobacco produced from 1997 to 2001 and processed at various leaf processing factories, chemical constituents contents and coefficient of variation(C.V.) were analysed. The average chemical constituents contents of 12 grades during 5 years ranged as follows; nicotine 1.76～2.66%, total nitrogen 4.15～4.80%, crude ash 21.6～22.4% and chlorine 1.08～1.20%. The variations of chemical constituents contents among crop years was higher in nicotine while lower in crude ash. The nicotine content of upper leaves were influenced negatively by rainfalls, while total nitrogen content were influenced positively by air temperature and sunshine hours during July. The C.V. of chemical content in same grade was higher in chlorine and nicotine while lower in crude ash. The ratio of C.V. among leaf tobacco processing factories/C.V. of total sample in same grade was high in nicotine. To reduce the C.V. of chemical constituents, it is recommendable to thresh the leaf tobacco at one processing factory. When the leaves being processed at one factory, the decreasing effect of deviation was higher in nicotine, particularly.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제54권6호
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• pp.749-754
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 IR과 CR의 블렌딩을 통하여 물성 개선 및 내구 성능 개선을 목적으로 IR/CR의 비율을 다양하게 블렌딩하여 제조한 고무시료의 가교 특성, 물성 변화, Morphology의 변화 및 화학적 특성을 조사하였다. 한편으로 블렌딩 된 고무에 다양한 조건으로 염소 표면처리를 하였을 때 고무시료의 Morphology를 관찰하고 마찰 시험을 통해 염소의 표면처리가 마찰계수에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 고무의 가교특성에서는 CR의 함량이 증가할수록 가교 속도가 감소하였으나 가교밀도는 일정하였고,경도, 모듈러스가 증가하였는데 이것은 가교특성의 변화와 밀접한 관계가 있으며, 가교 반응의 활성화에 의한 결정화 영향으로 기계적 강도가 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 노화 후 물성 변화는 IR/CR Blend가 상호 기계적 물성의 단점을 보완하여 노화에 의한 물성 변화를 감소시키는 역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 염소 표면처리 한 시료의 노화 전, 후 상태물성의 변화는 감소하였다. 현미경 사진 관찰 결과 CR 함량 증가에 따라 표면 분산도가 증가함을 알 수 있었다. 염소 표면처리된 고무의 표면은 일정한 방향으로 균일하게 표면처리되었고 매끄러움과 광택이 증가하였다. 고무 표면의 개질 정도는 표면염소잔류량으로 확인할 수 있었으며, 마찰계수는 고무와 결합된 염소함량에 의존하는 것으로 나타났다. CR 함량이 10 - 40 phr까지는 표면처리 초기단계에서 마찰계수가 급격히 감소하였으나, 처리용액의 염소농도가 증가할수록 마찰계수의 감소는 둔화되었고, CR 함량이 50 phr에서는 처리용액의 염소농도 변화에 따라 마찰계수의 감소가 둔화되었다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.124-139
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• 2007

In order to obtain the maximum flame retardancy with the minimal deterioration of physical properties of PU flame-retardant coatings, chlorine and phosphorous functional groups were introduced into the pre-polymer of modified polyesters. In the first step, the tetramethylene bis(orthophosphate) (TBOP) and neohexanediol dichloroacetate (DCA-adduct) intermediates were synthesized. In the second step, 1,4-butanediol and adipic acid monomers were polymerized with the two kind of intermediates to obtain copolymer. The modified polyesters containing chlorine and phosphorous (ATBA-10C, -20C, and -30C) were synthesized by adjusting the contents of chlorine compound (dichloroacetic acid, 10, 20, 30 wt%) with fixed the content of phosphorous compound (2 wt%). The PU flame-retardant coatings (TTBAH -10C, -20C, and -30C) were prepared using the synthesized ATBAs and HDI-trimer as curing agent at room temperature. The physical properties of PU flame-retardant coatings with chlorine and phosphorous were inferior to those with phosphorous only and the properties were getting worse with increasing chlorine content. Flame retardancy was tested with three methods. With the vertical method, Complete combustion time of ATBAHs were $259^{\sim}347$ seconds, which means that the prepared coatings are good flame-retardant. With the $45^{\circ}$ Meckel burner method, char lengths of the three prepared coatings were less than 2.9 cm, which indicates that the prepared coatings are 1st grade flame retardancy. With the limiting oxygen index (LOI) method, the LOI values of the three prepared coatings were in the range of $30^{\sim}35%$, which proves good flame retardancy of the prepared coatings. From the results of flame retardancy tests of the specimens that contain the same amounts of flame retarding compounds, it was found that the coatings containing both phosphorous and chlorine show higher flame retardancy than the coatings containing phosphorous alone. This indicates that some synergy effect of flame retardancy exists between phosphorous and chlorine.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.74-78
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• 2003

The structural property of phenolic and non-phenolic lignin has an effect on the reaction rate of lignin by oxygen and chlorine dioxide respectively. Moreover, the undesirable degradation of cellulose followed by lignin degradation is influenced by chemical charge and reaction time. In this paper, several lignin model compounds were used to illuminate the interaction of oxygen and chlorine dioxide by varying the position of O and D(OD, DO, ODO and DOD), and gas chromatography method was used to investigate the degradation of lignin by determining the content of methoxyl groups in lignin. It was shown that structural properties of lignin models were more influential on the degradation and demethylation of lignin than the above combination. Combination of oxygen and chlorine dioxide, however, was more effective in degradation of lignin than only one stage, and three stages than two stages.