• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.913-920
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• 2011

In this paper, a logic process based 1-kbit EEPROM IP for RFID tag chips of 900MHz is designed. The cell array of the designed 1-kbit EEPROM IP is arranged in a form of four blocks of 16 rows x 16 columns, that is in a two-dimensional arrangement of one-word EEPROM phantom cells. We can reduce the IP size by making four memory blocks share CG (control gate) and TG (tunnel gate) driver circuits. We propose a TG switch circuit to supply respective TG bias voltages according to operational modes and to keep voltages between devices within 5.5V in terms of reliability in order to share the TG driver circuit. Also, we can reduce the power consumption in the read mode by using a partial activation method to activate just one of four memory blocks. Furthermore, we can reduce the access time by making BL (bit line) switching times faster in the read mode from reduced number of cells connected to each column. We design and compare two 1-kbit EEPROM IPs, two blocks of 32 rows ${\times}$ 16 columns and four blocks of 16 rows ${\times}$ 16 columns, which use Tower's $0.18{\mu}m$ CMOS process. The four-block IP is smaller by 11.9% in the layout size and by 51% in the power consumption in the read mode than the two-block counterpart.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.60 no.2
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• pp.149-153
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• 2017

Contamination and growth of Trichoderma, a green mold, on the oak log and wooden chip or sawdust media can severely inhibit the growth of oak mushroom. Chemicals including pesticides and antibiotics are generally not allowed for the control of green mold disease during mushroom cultivation. In this study, bacterial pathogens causing blotch disease on the oyster mushrooms were isolated and their peptide toxins were purified for the control of green mold disease. Strains of Pseudomonas tolaasii secret various peptide toxins, tolaasin and its structural analogues, having antifungal activities. These peptides have shown no effects on the growth of oak mushrooms. When the peptide toxins were applied to the green mold, Trichoderma harzianum H1, they inhibited the growth of green molds. Among the 20 strains of peptide-forming P. tolaasii, strong, moderate, and weak antifungal activities were measured from 8, 5, and 7 strains, respectively. During oak mushroom cultivation, bacterial culture supernatants containing the peptide toxins were sprayed on the aerial mycelia of green molds grown on the surface of sawdust media. The culture supernatants were able to suppress the fungal growth of green molds while no effect was observed on the mushroom growth and production. They changed the color of molds from white aerial mycelium into yellowish dried scab, representing the powerful anti-fungal and sterilization activities of peptide toxins.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.149-157
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• 2014

This paper is based on the fabrication of wireless control system for the building shading device. RF Module was controlled by UHF wireless CC1020 chip which has low electrical power and low electrical voltage. Also 447.8625~447.9875 frequency, 4800Baud data rate and 12.5 kHz channel spacing was controlled by the use of SPDT switch and with Microcontroller program. Furthermore, the helical antenna was used. The starting production of 447.8625~447.9875 kHz wireless electrical power was used. As the result, it did not exceed 10dBm which is the standard of low power wireless system. Shading efficiency was measured at 25%, 50%, 75% direction with controlling the interior temperature and the intensity of illumination at the rate of 1 hour. As the result, the intensity of illumination was lowered to 82~87% at 25% direction with $0.6{\sim}1.4^{\circ}C$ lowered temperature. At 50% direction, the intensity of illumination was lowered to 60~68% with $2.3{\sim}4.1^{\circ}C$ lowered temperature. And at 75% direction, the intensity of illumination was lowered to 41~47% with $3.4{\sim}5.1^{\circ}C$ lowered temperature.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.80 no.4
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• pp.436-444
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• 1991

To increase both the production of mushrooms and the usages of the residues (used media) for roughage, the pinchips(PC) and sawdusts(SD) of three Korean oak species were tested as cultivating media for Lentinus edodes with varing the composition of the media. The results are as follows. 1. Organic acids(tannic acid and citric acid), which were added in the PC medium to enrich the quality of mushrooms, did not increase the growths of the mycelia and the quality. 2. The mushrooms were able to be harvested from six months after beginning the cultivation. No significant differences were found among the qualities of the mushrooms produced by various treatments. 3. The contents of crude proteins(1.82-4.55%) in the used media were higher than those in woods (c.a. 0.7%), and the total digestible nutrients (44.0-46.0%) in the used medium were not much different from those in rice straws (c.a.48.0%). 4. The contents of some essential amino acids (methionine in the used medium of the tannic acid added PC or S.D. and isoleucine, phenylalanine and lysine in the used medium of the untreated PC or SD) were higher than those in the control (raw media). The contents of a few other essential amino acids (threonine, valine and arginine) were lower in the used media. Most nonessential amino acids in the used media, particularly in the used bed-log, appeared to decrease than those in the control.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.12-24
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• 2008

Background and Objective : Chungsangboha-tang (CSBHT) has analgesic, sedative, anti-convulsive and anti-histamine effects, so it alleviates the symptoms of asthma. For the comparison of anti-inflammatory effect(s) on CSBHT, PD098059 was used as a negative control. Materials and Methods : This study emphasized THP-1 cells, which had been well characterized as a human monocytic leukemic cell line. The cells resemble monocytes with respect to several criteria and can be differentiated into macrophage-like cells by treatment with PMA. By using the MTS assay, it was possible to prove the safety of CSBHT. Results : Results shows that the CSBHT did not affected cell survival within $10^{1}$ ng/ml to $10^{5}$ ng/ml. Especially, $10^{5}$ ng/ml CSBHT treated cells show 70% deduction of $TNF-{\alpha}$ gene expression against that of LPS treated group. Furthermore, $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ levels are down-regulated when treated with CSBHT with concentrations up to 100 ug/ml on monocyte-derived macrophages. Interestingly, CSBHT-treated samples showed that overall transcriptional activities were down-regulated to 20% of that of PD098059 ($TNF-{\alpha}$ inhibitor). At protein level, the expression of $TNF-{\alpha}$ showed similar results as that of transcriptional activity. Results show that the protein level decreased more in the CSBHT-treated group (487 ${\pm}$ 87 pg/ml) than in the LPS-treated group (703 ${\pm}$ 103 pg/ml). In addition, the protein level of IL-8 in the CSBHT treated-group (9.84 ${\pm}$ 3.28 ng/ml) decreased similar as the expression of the control and PD098059-treated groups. Conclusion : CSBHT affects immune response, especially allergic responses and suppression of inflammatory reaction. The results provide us an alternative way to care for clinical inflammatory diseases, not only asthma but also the other possible general inflammatory and allergic diseases.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.1797-1806
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• 1998

Future satellite communication systems will be developed at Ka-band (20/30 GHz) owing to the relatively wide frequency allocation and current freedom from terrestrial interference for multimedia services. A serious disadvantage of the Ka-band, however, is the very high atmospheric attenuation in rainy weather. Synchronous CDMA drastically redces the effect of self-noise with several interesting features of CDMA for mobile communications such as fixible freuqncy rese, the capability of performin soft-handover and a lower sensitivity to interference. This paper evaluates the performance of a synchronous CDMA reture link for a Ka-band geostationary satellite communication system. For a fixed satellite channel whose characteristics depend on weather conditions, the signal envelope and phase for this channel is modelled as Gaussian. The bit error and outage probability, and the detection loss due to imperfect chip timing synchronization is analytically evaluated and the system capacity degaradation due to the weather condition is estimated. The two cases consist of the general case in which all users are affected by rain condition, and the worst case in which the reference user is only affected by rain attenuation. the results for two cases of rain condition clearly show that synchronous CDMA eases the power control requirements and has less sensitivity to imperfect power control.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.250-256
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• 2004

The objectives of this study were to develop a new commercial grain cooler suited to domestic weather and post-harvesting conditions for paddy, and to evaluate the performance. A prototype grain cooler capable of cooling paddy of 200 tons within 24 hours was developed. The grain cooler was designed to control the refrigeration capacity from 0 to 100% by controlling the capacity of compressor with unloading solenoid valve and by changing the flow rates of hot refrigerant gas flowing into reheater and evaporator from compressor. And a controller with one chip microprocessor was developed to control temperature and relative humidity of cooling air. The maximum cooling capacity of the grain cooler was 35,284㎉/hr at condensing/evaporating pressure of 16.5/3.6 kgf/$\textrm{cm}^2$. Maximum flow rate of cooling air was 120 ㎥/min at static pressure of 279 mmAq. The total maximum required power was 22.8㎾, and total required energy was saved from 26.7 to 33.3% of maximum power depending on operating conditions. The coefficient of performance of refrigeration devices and total coefficient of performance of the grain cooler were 4.71 and 1.8, respectively.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.41 no.10
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• pp.95-104
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• 2004

This paper propose a motion estimator architecture to reduce the power consumption of the most-power-consuming motion estimation method when designing multimedia SoC with deep submicron technologies below 0.13${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$. The proposed architecture considers both dynamic and static power consumption so that it is suitable for large leakage process technologies, while conventional architectures consider only dynamic power consumption. Consequently, it is suitable for mobile information terminals such as mobile videophone where efficient power management is essential. It exploits full search method for simple hardware implementation. It also exploits early break-off method to reduce dynamic power consumption. To reduce static power consumption, megablock shutdown method considering power line noise is also employed. To evaluate the proposed architecture when applied multimedia SoC, system-level control flow and low-power control algorithm are developed and the power consumption was calculated based on thor From the simulation results, power consumption was reduced to about 60%. Considering the line width reduction and increased leakage current due to heat dissipation in chip core, the proposed architecture shows steady power reduction while it goes worse in conventional architectures.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.34 no.11
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• pp.1721-1725
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• 2010

This paper reports the fabrication of geometry-controlled carbon microneedles by a backside exposure method and pyrolysis. The SU-8 microneedles are a polymer precursor in a carbonization process, which geometries such as base diameter, spacing, and aspect ratio can be controlled in a photolithography step. Using this fabrication method, highly reproducible carbon microneedles, which have high aspect ratios of more than 10 and very sharp nanotips, can be realized. The quartz surface with carbon microneedles becomes very hydrophilic and its wettability is adjusted by carrying out the silane treatment. In the carbon microneedle array ($3\;{\mu}m{\times}3\;{\mu}m$), the contact angle is extremly enhanced (${\sim}180^{\circ}$); this will be advantageous in developing low-drag microfluidics and labs-on-a-chip as well as in other bio-applications.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.45-53
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• 2016

This paper presents a CMOS interface circuit for vibration energy harvesting with MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking). In the proposed system a PMU (Power Management Unit) is employed at the output of a DC-DC boost converter to provide a regulated output with low-cost and simple architecture. In addition an MPPT controller using FOC (Fractional Open Circuit) technique is designed to harvest maximum power from vibration devices and increase efficiency of overall system. The AC signal from vibration devices is converted into a DC signal by an AC-DC converter, and then boosted through the DC-DC boost converter. The boosted signal is converted into a duty-cycled and regulated signal and delivered to loads by the PMU. A full-wave rectifier using active diodes is used as the AC-DC converter for high efficiency, and a DC-DC boost converter architecture using a schottky diode is employed for a simple control circuitry. The proposed circuit has been designed in a 0.35um CMOS process, and the designed chip occupies $915{\mu}m{\times}895{\mu}m$. Simulation results shows that the maximum power efficiency of the entire system is 83.4%.