• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.339-356
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• 2008

Participants in this study on preschool children's ability to delay gratification were 132 4- to 5 year-old children and their mothers from 6 daycare centers. Mothers completed questionnaires reporting their parenting style, their child's ability to delay gratification, and child's temperament. Children participated in the real and hypothetical settings of the delay of gratification experiment. Data was analyzed by t-test, F-test, correlation and discrimination analysis. Results were that (1) 43% of preschoolers passed the delay of gratification experiment. (2) Older children were more able to delay gratification than younger children. (3) Children's rewards choices in the real setting correlated with their rewards choices in the hypothetical situation of delay of gratification. (4) Children's ability to delay gratification was influenced by their motor intelligence.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.41-58
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• 2004

This study examined the relations between children's Impulsivity temperament, socio-dramatic play, and self-regulation of 4-year-old children. Subjects were 117 4-year-old children(59 boys and 58 girls) selected from three kindergartens. Each mother completed a questionnaire on her child's temperament. Naturalistic observations of total socio-dramatic play, complex socio-dramatic play, solitary dramatic play and of self-regulation in two classroom contexts - clean-up periods and group circle time - were conducted for obtaining data. Significance was analyzed by Pearson's correlation and multiple regression analysis. Children's Impulsivity was negatively related to self-regulation and to total and complex socio-dramatic play, but impulsivity was positively related to solitary dramatic play. Total and complex socio-dramatic play was positively related to self-regulation while solitary dramatic play was negatively related to self-regulation. Total and complex socio-dramatic play, and solitary dramatic play displayed a mediating role between impulsivity and self-regulation during clean-up periods.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.22 no.6 s.72
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• pp.63-73
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• 2004

The Purpose of this study, was to examine the effects of mothers' parental efficacy and parental practices on children's social ability. The participants included 218 five year old children (116 boys, 102 girls). This study employed the 'Parent self-agent scale (Dumka, Stoerzinger, Jackson, & Roosa, 1996), a modified version of 'child rearing practices report'(Block, 1981), and 'Preschool Sociaffective Profile' (LaFreniere, Dumas, Capuano & Dubeau, 1992). Parental efficacy and parental practices were evaluated by the mothers. The children's social ability was evaluated by both mothers and teachers.'rho main results were as follows: (1) The children's social ability was affected significantly by their gender. (2) The parental efficacy was positively correlated with authoritative parental practices. (3) Children's gender, mothers' parental efficacy, and authoritative parental practices affected children's social ability.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.35-49
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• 2002

This study examined the developmental characteristics of friends and disliked peers in 169 children and adolescents, including 44 preschool children, 43 primary school, 42 middle school, and 40 university students. Their descriptions of 2 same gender friends and 2 disliked same gender peers were categorized with an 81 category coding system. Comparisons across age and sex were made by a cross-tabulation test. Results showed that the reported characteristics of friends and disliked peers varied by age, but there was no sex difference. That is, younger children liked their friends because they played together, their friends were generous and attractive, but older children liked friends because they had some similarity, were reliable allies, caring and concerned. Younger children's disliked peers were aversive, aggressive and hyperactive while older children's disliked peers were dissimilar and snobbish.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.247-258
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• 2022

Purpose: This study investigated the parenting experiences of mothers of young children born moderate-to-late preterm (MLPT) in South Korea. Methods: In this qualitative study, semi-structured focus group interviews were conducted with 10 mothers of MLPT children from infancy to preschool age. The interviews were video-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: Four categories resulted from the analysis of parenting experiences of mothers with young MLPT children, as follows: "becoming a mother of an early-born child", "difficulties as the primary caregiver for a high-risk child", "helpful social support, but still a lack of professional support for parenting a high-risk child", and "mothers and children growing together". Conclusion: Mothers of young MLPT children experienced difficulties due to concerns about their child's health, growth and development, and insufficient child-rearing support. Therefore, social support systems should be strengthened and more aggressive nursing strategies should be adopted for mothers of young MLPT children.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.25-34
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• 2018

Objective : This study aims to figure out the effect that sensory integration group therapy has on the fine motor, social interaction and playfulness of preschool children with intellectual disability. Methods : Participants were four children from three to five years old who were diagnosed with intellectual disabilities and they participated in twelve sessions of sensory integration group therapy, sixty minutes per session and once a week. Sensory integration group therapy was composed of parallel and peer play-centered gross motor activities, art activities and sensory plays that were related to each theme. Erhardt Developmental Prehension Assessment (EDPA), Penn Interactive Peer Play Scale (PIPPS) and Test of Playfulness (ToP) were used to evaluate participants' fine motor, social interaction and playfulness before and after the intervention. Results of fine motor, social interaction and playfulness before and after the intervention were compared using Wilcoxon matched-pair signed rank test. Results : After sensory integration group therapy intervention, the fine motor skills of participants did not show significant increases, but social interaction and playfulness showed significant increases (p< .05). Conclusion : Although sensory integration group therapy with preschool children with intellectual disability did not show positive improvement in fine motor skills, it showed positive effect on social interaction and playfulness. Group sensory integration therapy might be an intervention approach for all children with disabilities.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.300-309
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate the caries prevalence and caries pattern of preschool children in a small city. Six hundred twenty four kindergarten children in Milyang city were examined for their caries experience of individual teeth and surfaces by dmf index. The obtained results were as follows. 1. The rate of children with caries experience(dmft rate) in primary teeth was 74.0% in 3-year-olds, 83.8% in 4-year-olds, and 90.6% in 5-year-olds. The mean number of decayed, missed, and filled primary teeth(dmft index) was 3.47 in 3-year-olds, 5.41 in 4-year-olds, and 6.01 in 5-year-olds. 2. The caries prevalence of children in this study was higher than those of other researches in past and in other cities. 3. The caries-experienced teeth in order in 5-year-olds were as follows : mandibular 2nd primary molar, mandibular 1st primary molar, maxillary 2nd primary molar, maxillary primary central incisor and maxillary 1st primary molar. 4. The pattern of dental caries development was different between the incisors and molars. The prevalent surface of caries was proximal surface in primary incisors, but occlusal surface in primary molars.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.231-243
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to investigate answer the following research questions. (1) What is the trend of Children's locus of control, children's social competency, and children's prosocial behaviors? (2) Is there any relationship between children's locus of control and children's social competency, between children's locus of control and children's prosocial behavior, between children's social competency and children's prosocial behavior? (3) Is children's prosocial behavior influenced by the locus of control and by the social competency? The subjects of this study were 99 children atending the nursery school in Pusan. For the measurement of children's locus of control, the Stanford Preschool Internal-External Scale was used. As a measure of social competency. Iowa Social Competency was used. Children's prosocial behavior was measured by the amount of candies to share with playmates. The findings of this study were as follows: (1) The mean scores of children's locus of control, children's social competency, and children's prosocial behavior were low. (2) There significant correlation between children's locus of control and social competency, between children's locus of control and prosocial behavior. (3) Children's locus of control was an important predictor variable influencing children's prosocial behavior.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.26-36
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to examine how oral health literacy of mothers affect the oral health status of their preschool children. The subjects were 233 mothers and their preschool children who are between 5 and 6 years old. They were selected according to the convenience sampling method. The individual self-administered questionnaire was used for the mother's survey while the children were interviewed using structured questionnaire to examine their oral health status and behavior. According to study results, the number of decayed primary teeth and the number of decayed and filled primary teeth had a statistically significant negative correlation with the oral health literacy of the mother, the children's oral health knowledge, attitude and behavior (COHKAB), and the mother's oral health management behavior. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was performed after including general characteristics variables, the COHKAB and the mother's oral health management behavior. Meanwhile, mother's oral health literacy had a statistically influence on children's oral health status. The higher the mother's oral health literacy level, the lower the number of decayed and filled primary teeth were. The findings suggest that efforts to improve the oral health status of preschool children should consider mother's oral health literacy as an important factor. Therefore, the effective intervention and education programs are necessary to enhance mother's oral health literacy.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.50 no.7
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• pp.109-116
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to develop a scale for evaluation of Parent's Literacy Interaction Rating Scale (PLIRS) for preschool children and to examine its validity and reliability. The participants of this study were 342 Korean mothers with children of 3 to 5 year olds. The methods for data analysis included item analysis, factor analysis for construct validity, Pearson correlations between PLIRS and two sub tests of EC-HOME for concurrent validity, and Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ for reliability. The item discrimination was determined by comparing the highest and lowest groups using Chi-square (${\chi}^2$), and Cramer's V. The 25 items of the scale were found to be satisfactory in item discrimination. The concurrent validity was also identified by correlation between PLIRS and two sub tests of EC-HOME. Factor analysis revealed that the structure of the PLIRS consisted of three factors: 'open interaction', 'directive interaction', and 'picture-book reading interaction'. 'Open interaction' is based on 'Whole Language Approach', such as 'I have my child write as he/she likes even if they spell wrongly.' 'Directive interaction' is based on 'Code Emphasis Approach', such as 'I have my child take dictation.' 'Picture-book reading interaction' is how parents read picture-book with her/his children, such as 'When I read a picture book to my child, I ask various questions about a book story.' The Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ for internal consistency reliability range was .78 to .87 for three subscales. It was concluded that PLIRS was valid and reliable to examine the literacy interaction between parents and children in home.