• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.289-300
• /
• 2013

The aims of this study are to investigate the differences of the preschoolers' executive function and verbal ability according to their age, and to identify whether the preschoolers' executive function is related to their verbal ability. The participants in this study are 151 children, ages 3-and 5-years old from five child-care centers located in a middle-income region of Seoul. Statistical methods used for the data analysis are the frequencies, means, standard deviations, an independent t-test, and Pearson correlation. The major findings are as follows. First, an age difference is found for children's executive function. The 5-year-olds are more likely to succeed on tasks of executive function than the 3-year-olds. Also, age difference is found for children's verbal ability. The 5-year-olds perform better on tests of verbal ability than the 3-year-olds. Last, the 3-year-olds' and 5-year-olds' executive function is related to their verbal ability. Inhibition and cognitive flexibility are significantly correlated with verbal ability. These results suggest that preschoolers' executive function and verbal ability develop during preschool age. These results also suggest that preschoolers' executive function is related to their verbal ability.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
• /
• v.19 no.6
• /
• pp.1051-1060
• /
• 2018

This study aims to propose instituting the serious games of language-based cognitive enhancement for the BIF children. The program consists of 4 cognitive areas (perception, attention, working memory, knowledge inference) in 4 language dimensions (phoneme, word, sentence, discourse). 16 games of 4 areas/2 dimensions with 3 difficulty levels were implemented in a mobile station and pilot-tested to children including BIFs. The results from the pilot tests supported for the validity and effectiveness of our games: Children's game performance correlated with their IQ scores (overall and sub-areas) revealing significant differences between the groups. The stroop scores in pre-and-post training hinted the increase of children's cognitive control.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.174-182
• /
• 2017

Objectives: This study was conducted in order to develop a computerized test to measure the level of mathematic achievement and related cognitive functions in children and adolescents in South Korea. Methods: The computerized Comprehensive Learning Test-Mathematic (CLT-M) consists of the whole number computation test, enumeration of dot group test, number line estimation test, numeral comparing test (magnitude/distance), rapid automatized naming test, digit span test, and working memory test. To obtain the necessary data and to investigate the reliability and validity of this test, 399 children and adolescents from kindergarten to middle school were recruited. Results: The internal consistency reliability of the CLT-M was high (Cronbach's alpha=0.76). Four factors explained 66.4% of the cumulative variances. In addition, the data for all of the CLT-M subtests were obtained. Conclusion: The computerized CLT-M can be used as a reliable and valid tool to evaluate the level of mathematical achievement and associated cognitive functions in Korean children and adolescents. This test can also be helpful to detect mathematical learning disabilities, including specific learning disorder with impairment in mathematics, in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.121-127
• /
• 1987

The purpose of this study was to investigate the importance of mental capacity and to see whether it can be a barometer to predict childrne's cognitive development. The instruments used were Pictoral Test of Intelligence to select homogeneous samples, Cucui Scale for their M-power and Conservation Test. The results showed that M-power develops as age increases, and it can be a strong variable to predict their cognitive development. It has been demonstrated that capacity increases developmentally but whether this reflects changes in capacity perse, or in the efficient use of that capacity is a debatable issue. More study needs to be repeated for this matter.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.453-468
• /
• 2016

This study is a result of experiment to recognize geometric and spacial conceptions for early childhood. This researcher had built up Mandala figures which was an intermediary between consciousness and unconsciousness, and then have studied about early childhood's geometric and spatial concepts by using Mandala figures. In this paper, authors have studied fractal art activities of early childhood as a follow-up study, since the structure of fractal art is similar to Mandala. As a result, three years old young children have significant correlation in four areas(figure perception, visual discrimination, position-in space perception and visual memory), but five years old young children have significant in three areas(figure perception, position-in space perception and visual memory). For five years old group, there is some difference between boys and girls, also they had described for their art activities like real models.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• v.48 no.1
• /
• pp.68-76
• /
• 2024

Background: Although the survival outcomes of childhood cancer patients have improved, childhood cancer survivors suffer from various degrees of immune dysfunction or delayed immune reconstitution. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) on T cell recovery in childhood cancer patients who underwent autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) from the perspective of inflammatory and senescent phenotypes. Methods: This was a single-arm exploratory trial. The KRG group (n = 15) received KRG powder from month 1 to month 12 post-ASCT. We compared the results of the KRG group with those of the control group (n = 23). The proportions of T cell populations, senescent phenotypes, and cytokine production profiles were analyzed at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months post-ASCT using peripheral blood samples. Results: All patients in the KRG group completed the treatment without any safety issues and showed a comparable T cell repopulation pattern to that in the control group. In particular, KRG administration influenced the repopulation of CD4⁺ T cells via T cell expansion and differentiation into effector memory cell re-expressing CD45RA (EMRA) cells. Although the KRG group showed an increase in the number of CD4⁺ EMRA cells, the expression of senescent and exhausted markers in these cells decreased, and the capacity for senescence-related cytokine production in the senescent CD28^- subset was ameliorated. Conclusions: These findings suggest that KRG promotes the repopulation of CD4⁺ EMRA T cells and regulates phenotypical and functional senescent changes after ASCT in pediatric patients with cancer.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
• /
• v.29 no.6
• /
• pp.177-191
• /
• 2008

Prior studies were limited in the comparison of false belief tasks with desire tasks due to lack of consideration of level of executive functions. To compensate for this, executive functions were included in new preference-related and game-related tasks of conflicting desire. These tasks were administered to 246 preschoolers ranging from 2.5 to 4 years of age. Statistical analysis was by one-way ANOVA and repeated measures ANOVA. Results showed significant main effects depending on age and task type. Younger children lacked ability of executive function, such as inhibition and working memory. Older preschoolers averaged better scores on task performance, showing that it is difficult for younger children to control their own desires and select the contradicted view.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.217-231
• /
• 1997

This paper first reviewed the current neurological theories concerning the etiology of ADHD and secondly, examined results of studies that applied neuropsychological assessment methods in the examination of ADHD children both here in Korea and abroad. ADHD children were found to exhibit characteristic responses indicating deficits in vigilance, sustained attention, distractibility, allocation and regulation of attention in many assessments of attention, in addition to deficits in executive functioning, working and associative memory. Such neuropsychological assessment results suggest that in addition to dysfunction in the frontal lobe and the reticular activation system, dysfunction may exist in other neural pathways involving many areas of the brain. However, because a substantial number of neuropsychological assessment tools being employed in Korea for ADHD children had been developed abroad, a Korean standardization project involving ADHD and normal control children, in addition to other child psychiatric population pools must be conducted in order to obtain appropriate age norms and test validity, and in order to make possible a more accurate and precise comparison and interpretation in the assessment of ADHD children.

• Korean Journal of Hospice Care
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.182-192
• /
• 2002

Childhood Cancer Foundation of ROC(CCFROC) has been founded since 1982. Its goal is to provide comprehensive care for cancer children and their families. And in turn, under the provision of good and complete care, they can be back to the school and society. To achieve this goal, it needs to get every body's effort of the society together. The foundation has been founder under this concept and tried to fulfil this task. The first step is to educate the public to know that childhood cancer can be cured and the process of treatment is long and expensive. In order to reach this life-saving procedure, campaigns for raising money is most important thing. Then, pediatric hematologists / oncologists try to organize study group, named Taiwan Pediatric Qncology Goupp(TPOG), to make treatment protocols for childhood cancers. Its primary purpose is to increase the cure rate to prove the earlier the diagnosis and treatment, the better the prognosis. The second step is to provide full support of medical expenses and further to give help for emergent need to living. Through the varieties of active exercises of cancer children or families, foundation provides opportunities for them to share the experience during the different periods of diseases. The third step is to extend the scope of training activities for many kinds of personnel who devote to the care for cancer children. On the other hand, it promotes the cooperation or communication with international organizations and sets up recreation playing ground in the communities. The aim is to provide a comprehensive and integrated care for cancer children during their education, breeding and even accomplishment period. Besides the financial support of medical care, it provides social services to give psychological support for children and their families, to strengthen doctor-patients or doctor-families relationship. The foundation provides the mourning religious activities to cherish the memory of their children who passed away and to comfort their sadness. Since the childhood cancer is curable, its treatment should be active, comprehensive and it needs to provide to all cancer children without exception. Indeed, the work of CCFROC should be changed according to the environment and different time period. But, it needs the full support from the society. We hope the scope and content of the work will be more extended and its achievement will be better than now in the future.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
• /
• v.22 no.10
• /
• pp.246-256
• /
• 2022

Recently, parents and teachers consider physical education as a minor subject for students in elementary and secondary schools. Physical education performance has become increasingly significant as parents and schools pay more attention to physical schooling. The sports mining with distribution analysis model considers different factors, including the games, comments, conversations, and connection made on numerous sports interests. Using different machine learning/deep learning approach, children's athletic and academic interests can be tracked over the course of their academic lives. There have been a number of studies that have focused on predicting the success of students in higher education. Sports interest prediction research at the secondary level is uncommon, but the secondary level is often used as a benchmark to describe students' educational development at higher levels. An Automated Student Interest Prediction on Sports Mining using DL Based Bi-directional Long Short-Term Memory model (BiLSTM) is presented in this article. Pre-processing of data, interest classification, and parameter tweaking are all the essential operations of the proposed model. Initially, data augmentation is used to expand the dataset's size. Secondly, a BiLSTM model is used to predict and classify user interests. Adagrad optimizer is employed for hyperparameter optimization. In order to test the model's performance, a dataset is used and the results are analysed using precision, recall, accuracy and F-measure. The proposed model achieved 95% accuracy on 400^th instances, where the existing techniques achieved 93.20% accuracy for the same. The proposed model achieved 95% of accuracy and precision for 60%-40% data, where the existing models achieved 93% for accuracy and precision.