• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.154-164
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• 2019

Purpose: The study aimed to develop a play toolkit to facilitate infants' and toddlers' symbolic thought and fine motor development. Methods: This study used a methodological study design including two phases of development and evaluation. After reviewing the play culture and developmental health issues in Kyrgyzstan through a literature review and interviews with local experts and parents, the toolkit was developed and evaluated using content validity and utilization tests. Results: The toolkit was based on Westby's symbolic play and the fine motor milestones in the Bright Futures Guidelines. The Toolkits were composed of an overall suggested play schedule according to the child's age, four kinds of play props, and a utilization guidebook for parents. The play props were a felt book, sorting and assembling blocks, cup blocks, and a tangram. The guidebook contained age-appropriate operating methods and alternative ways to use the materials. Conclusion: A play toolkit was developed to enhance nurturing practices among parents of infants and toddlers. The findings may help facilitate effective interactions between parents and their children. Considering that nurturing care is critical for achieving better child health outcomes, enhancing parenting resources and parent-child relations could function as an effective strategy for promoting child health.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.217-225
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• 2010

Today's public libraries in communities are on the processes of changes to integrate information and communication technology into traditional library system in order to support current users' demands for the new digital era. The purpose of this study is to examine the changing characters on space design and space uses of community based public libraries by conducting case studies of three branch libraries which were built after 2004 in Ann Arbor, Michigan in the United States. As the conclusion of this research, the findings of the case studies are utilized as basic data for planning and design guidelines for public libraries as community resources. The study summarizes the characteristics of space design and space uses in public libraries as follow; first, the floor plans of small-scale public libraries are open visually as well as spatially. The space organization of the libraries is arranged by potential noise levels, as placing noisy spaces near the entrance halls and quiet spaces at the back. Main book shelves are located in the middle of the library buildings, while seats are arranged along the window sides. By placing various kinds of furniture in open reading areas, library users can select different types of seats and tables for their comforts. Second. the survey of observation also finds that a large number of users often use library computers and personal computers to connect the internet at the libraries. These personal computer users who are new user group in community based libraries preferred to sit in casual study areas and individual tables with one or two seats only. Third, the libraries, in addition, develop and provide various programs and events for people in communities. Especially, the programs for children, the elderly and new comers from the abroad are well prepared, thus provide opportunities for them to visit the libraries in regular bases. The survey finds that family entertainment and leisure activities are the important parts of the program as well as renting music CD and movie DVD are also important reasons for people to come. Thus, the libraries prepare high quality children's space and CD shelves near the entrance hall.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.99-113
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• 2006

As society has more interest in reading activities, it has become possible to secure social value of libraries through the promotion of reading. In this regard, the study aimed to analyze social tasks that the libraries face and suggest concrete methods through bibliographical examination. Currently, various regions of the nation have an increasing interest in libraries, particularly, children's libraries. The public libraries can expand their social roles by meeting these social requests. As a variety of activities by the public libraries to promote reading have helped people recognize the importance of libraries, more aggressive reading promotion activities are considered to help expand the roles of the public libraries and secure social base. Accordingly, the libraries need to take the initiative in implementing various measures by establishing a committee to adjust various reading promotion activities in the government and the public and private sectors, coming up with legal base, pursuing development of voluntary reading promotion programs, establishing an information network for reading and books, publishing book reviews, leading campaign for reading and reading promotion activities, supporting reading at home and expanding award system with regard to the promotion of reading.

• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.177-197
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• 2007

This study discussed the climbing learning method which studied and practiced by Professor Saito Noboru. This is the learning method which is devised to know not only the relationship of the learning factors but the systemic or structural connection of whole studying contents- affects children's math learning ability through practical class to both the lower and the higher grades. To achieve the purpose of this study, these following issues were set; A. Develop the teaching and learning course of mathematics by applying the climbing learning method. B. Execute the mathematics lesson according to the climbing learning method and analyze the learning achievement. C. Analyze the difference between application of the climbing learning method and that of the learning method by student's level in mathematics. D. Analyze what the climbing learning method gives a shift of the recognition of learning mathematics. In order to accomplish these study issues, we analyzed the text book of math not only for children but also for teachers and developed the teaching and learning course applied the climbing learning method with advice of experts. It was chosen two different homogeneous groups each, third year for lower grade group and fifth year for higher grade group. It was done the experimental group lesson applying the climbing learning method and general lesson for the control group. After then, t-test against independent samples was done depending on the result of the student's assessment(T1, T2). These two groups' students were divided into smaller groups based on result of achievement level regardless of gender. These subgroups were confirmed the difference of learning ability between upper and lower level group. As regarding the result making out grades of faith and attitude for math, t-test was used on independent sample. At the same time, experimental groups were tested using learning attitude with the learning structure chart. Through this study the following results are obtained and the conclusion was drawn. Firstly, although applying the climbing learning method to the lesson does not have significant effect to the lower grade of elementary school student's achievement it has significant influence on the higher grade student's achievement. Second, as a result of analyzing the difference between the climbing learning method and the learning method by student's level in mathematics, it is of no beneficial effect to the lower grade both upper level and lower level. However, it has appreciable effect to the higher grade classes both upper level and low level. Especially, upper level students have higher effect than low level students. Third, climbing learning method does not affect to the faith and attitude of the lower grade students positively, but it has affirmative effect to the higher grade students'. As a result of the survey of the experimental groups which were applied to the climbing loaming method, the lesson by using the learning structure chart proved to be helpful to the both the lower and higher grade. The best advantage of using the learning structure chart, children say, is easily understood whole contents of studying and is useful for review. Furthermore, using the learning structure chart is more efficient compared with previous learning method and is given the successful result to self-directed learning. In conclusion, keeping up with the current of the thought of education, we suggest a scheme as a new teaching method from the constructive learning method which emphasize the self-directed learning.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.283-310
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• 2016

The present study aims to develop measures to enhance user service at Chungnam Representative Library by establishing Chungnam Representative Library Operation Master Plan. To this end, I conducted a literature review, analysis of services of other representative libraries, and a survey. The study results suggested six measures for user service enhancement. The first measure is space-specific programs, such as children's materials room, general materials room, electronic materials room, auditorium, multipurpose room, outdoor stage, exhibition room, and book café. The second measure is the services specific user types, such as children, adolescents, adults, the disabled, and multicultural families. The third measure is information service specific for information type, such as print material service and digital material service. The fourth measure is the service for the Information-Poor including the expansion of mobile library service, the service for information users in special environment, and the development of mobile library rules. Fifth measure is information service for Chungcheongnam-do residents, such as Baekje Studies specialized service that incorporates local characteristics, specialized information service for Chungcheong Studies and local materials, and information service for administrative and policy materials. The last measure is the measure to secure initial users and early stage service enhancement.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.1-22
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• 2002

Purpose : This Study was conducted to evaluate clinical characteristic of children with recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) and to be classified by its six subtype in the Oriental Pediatric Text Book and to find out relationship of western classification. Methods : Patients who visited Dong-Eui Oriental Medical hospital from August, 2001 to October, 2002 due to RAP were included. According to questionnaire and history taking, RAP was classified by its six subtype based on Oriental medical theory. Results : 1. Patients with RAP were more internalized, have a close relation with their parents, and have strong desires of success, but social intercourse is low. 2. 76% of Patients have a less desire to eat and 67% of Patients have a diarrhea or constipation. 3. According to questionnaire, first abdominal pain was their $3{\sim}5$ ages most, cause of occurrence was more 'eating cold foods' most, time of AP (abdominal pain) was $1{\sim}2$ hours after eating and no characteristic most, site of AP was the umbilicus most, shape of AP was impotent pain most, cause of reduce pain was abdominal massage and defection most. 4. frequency of RAP's type, AP caused by diet(食積腹痛) is 45.5%, AP caused by cold(寒腹痛) is 29.1%, AP caused by cold in internal organs of deficiency(臟腑虛冷腹痛) is 12.7%, stagnation of qi and stasis of blood(氣滯血瘀腹痛) is 10.9%, AP caused by internal diet and external cold(內食外寒腹痛) is 1.8%. There is no AP caused by parasites(蟲腹痛). 5. During clinical classifications of RAP, cause of occurrence was most important cause of reduce pian, defection practice was helpful for diagnosis, but shape of AP, site of AP was not helpful. 6. With relationship of Oriental classification and western classification, AP caused by diet is similar to dysmotilitylike dyspepsia and irriTable bowel syndrome. AP caused by cold is similar to irriTable bowel syndrome. AP caused by cold in internal organs of deficiency is similar to unspecified dyspepsia. stagnation of qi and stasis of blood and AP caused by internal diet and external cold is not like to western classification. Conclusion : RAP in Childhood is most occurred by food and cold. there is few AP caused by stagnation of qi and stasis of blood and internal diet and external cold. So the study on subclassification and clinical Manifestations of RAP in Childhood is more performed.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.5-28
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• 2012

This study was aimed to compare teacher's and mother's literacy beliefs, perception of picture books, and frequency of reading activities, and examine how these variables affect the interaction for reading picture books with preschoolers. The results of the survey from 120 teachers and 168 mothers who have 5-year-olds in Gyeonggi-do and Incheon-si are as follows. Teachers' literacy beliefs were closer to whole language beliefs than were mothers'. Teachers and mothers both fully realized the importance of reading aloud picture books to children with no difference between each other. The level of teachers was higher than mothers' in terms of pleasure of reading picture books. Mothers thought that it is important to reflect on preschoolers' development level, individual conditions, and daily lives when choosing picture books. On the other hand, teachers believed that the popularity of the book is more important. Overall, teachers perceived more benefits of reading picture books than mothers. Mothers reported more extensive interaction when reading books with preschoolers than teachers, while teachers spent more time on reading activities with preschoolers than mothers. Teachers' and mothers' frequency of reading activities and perception about the benefits of reading picture books had effects on their interaction for reading picture books with preschoolers.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.10-17
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• 2012

In general, image-based 3D scenes can now be found in many popular vision systems, computer games and virtual reality tours. In this paper, we propose a method for creating 3D virtual scenes based on 2D image that is completely automatic and requires only a single scene as input data. The proposed method is similar to the creation of a pop-up illustration in a children's book. In particular, to estimate geometric structure information for 3D scene from a single outdoor image, we apply the tensor voting to an image segmentation. The tensor voting is used based on the fact that homogeneous region in an image is usually close together on a smooth region and therefore the tokens corresponding to centers of these regions have high saliency values. And then, our algorithm labels regions of the input image into coarse categories: "ground", "sky", and "vertical". These labels are then used to "cut and fold" the image into a pop-up model using a set of simple assumptions. The experimental results show that our method successfully segments coarse regions in many complex natural scene images and can create a 3D pop-up model to infer the structure information based on the segmented region information.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.10-19
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• 2000

Due to the urbanization, concentrated population, and limited land exploitation in the modern society, the environment surrounding that we live in is getting polluted more and more, and it has become hard even to let urban children experience the nature. This research was conducted to help people recognize the importance of our natural resources through the environmental education of elementary school and to use school's practical open-space for the Indigenous Plants education. The results of this study are as follows : First, the status of a plant utilization in our institutional education : There were 362 species totally of 124 species of Trees, 156 species of Herbs, 63 species of Crops, and 19 species of Hydrophytes which appear in the elementary school text book. Of all, the most frequently appearing species of tree were the Malus pumila var. dulcissima, Pinus densijlora, Citrus unshiu, Diospyros kaki. Second, the effect of plant education using the land around schools : The result of research on the open-space of the 19 elementary schools located in Mapo-gu showed that most of the species planted are the Juniperus chinensisrose, Hibiscus syriacus. Pelargonium inquinans in the order of size, and the plants appearing in text book were grown in the botanical garden organized in 7 schools. Especially most of the Indigenous Plants were being planted in botanical garden, and Pinus densijlora, Abeliophyllum distichum, Polygonatum var. plurijlorum, Liriope platyphylla and so on. Last, the result of this research on recognition of Environment, Planting education and Indigenous plants : It showed that educational necessity of students and teachers about environment and Indigenous Plants was more than 80%. The management of botanical garden was conducted by some teachers and managers. The results of this study suggested that we needed the reconstruction of curriculum, the efficient application of plant education for effectiveness of using school environment and monitoring continually and construction information sources for the better environment education in the elementary schools.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.1092-1100
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• 2015

This thesis is a part of a case study conducted in order to understand the trends of the 16th~17th century Cheongju region bigwigs, and has examined the life and academic stream of Seogye Deuk-Yoon LEE (1553-1630) focused on the previous study, "The Great Family Genealogy of Ikjaegong of the Gyeongju LEE Family". Seogye Deuk-Yoon LEE learned from his father Seomgye Jam LEE, and GiSEO, Ji-Hwa PARK from an early age, and based the basic orientation of his studies on one's moral and religious self one's moral and religious self'. This is how he became to emphasize "Sohak" (an introductory book of Confucianism for children), and he made an effort to realize the world of Neo-Confucianism by distributing the 'YEO's Hyangyak(Lue-shih-hsiang-yueeh : autonomic regulations of the district areas)' published on "Sohak". Furthermore, he made great effort in education of the Cheongju by regarding it as his own mission to teach young scholars, continuing on the footsteps of his father. Considering this, Seogye was not only a Confucian scholar that devoted himself to 'Sugi(moral training of himself', but was also a practical scholar that committed his sense of social responsibility in ' teaching' and 'governing the people, who greatly affected the academic world of the regional bigwigs of the Cheongju during the 17th century. Furthermore, Deuk-Yoon LEE was a member of the 'Nangseongpalhyeon(eight wise men of the Cheongju region) together with his disciple Deok-soo LEE, who performed a core role in establishing the 'Gihohakpa(Capital and Chungcheong province School)' and 'Hoseosarim(forest of scholars in Chungcheong province)' of the Cheongju region. As a main figure in establishing the Sinhang Confucian academy, he prepared the socio-economic basis for the 'Gihohakpa' to take place in the Cheongju, and by academically associating with Sagye Jang-Seng Kim without regarding their conflicting parties, he became the bridge in allowing his disciple, Deok-Soo LEE to associate with the academic stream and the 'Gihohakpa'. Through such roles, he allowed the relatively easy establishment of the 'Gihohakpa' and 'Hoseosarim', which continued to Jang-Seng KIM and Si-Yeol SONG, in order to prepare the basis and establish the strength of its basis in the Cheongju region from the late 17th century.