• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.63-82
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to elucidate how two young children understand force in rough-and-tumble play. For this purpose, a form of microanalysis(Forman, 2006) was used. They regarded black as the strongest color due to their daily experiences. They assumed that a structure made of black Lego-color-bricks would be strongest and made an experiment of beating it against blocks of other colors. Such repetitive behavior ultimately led them to realize that color had no correlation with strength. They also understood mechanical energy by which a boy's pushing power moves against an object. They tried to strike a bigger or protruding structure and understood that parts might be broken more easily by striking. This experience enabled the boys to realize the principle of resistance. That is to say, in the process of rough-and-tumble play, their misconceptions were gradually removed and they obtained scientific knowledge, including understanding of mechanical energy and the principle of resistance. This study found that two young children constructed knowledge together through the process of tool making and in contending for victory in rough-and-tumble play.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.267-279
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• 2001

The object of this study is to provide the basic data for the caring of parents by understanding emotional status, physical status, and family support of parents with cardiac disease children. The subjects of this study were consisted of 105 parents of cardiac disease children admitted at 'G' hospital in Inchon, and 'S' hospital in Puchon. The data were collected from November 6 to December 21, 2000. Four instruments were used to collect the data : Spielberger's STIS, Cornell Medical Index(CMI), Yang's stress scale, and Moos's Family Environment Scale Form R, the latter 3 are modified by researcher. The collected data were tested using frequencies, percentiles, means, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficient with SPSSWIN program. The results of this study were as follows: 1. There were statistically significant differences in degree of anxiety on age, number of children, and children's order of birth. 2. There was a statistically significant difference in degree of physical status on presence of the other patient in family. 3. There were not statistically significant differences in degree of stress and family support on demographic factors. 4. There were positive correlations between physical status and family support, and between anxiety and stress, but negative correlations between family support and stress, between anxiety and family support, between anxiety and physical status, and between stress and physical status.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.641-656
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to compare Chinese-Korean adolescents' with Korean adolescents's academic achievement motivation, parental expectation, teacher expectation, self-efficacy. The object is 492 students in the middle school 2th and high school 2th grade who are from Chinese-Korean school and Korean school in Seoul and Incheon. The major results of findings were as follows: First, Chinese-Korean adolescents were more high than academic achievement motivation in Korean adolescents. Second, juniors in middle school were more positive than parental expectation in high school. Third, Chinese-Korean adolescents were more positive than teacher expectation in Korean adolescents, and juniors in middle school are more positive than ones in high school. Forth, Chinese-Korean adolescents were more high than self-efficacy in Korean adolescents.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.377-385
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was to understand the life experiences of adolescents who were the object of group bullying. Method: Data collection and analysis was done by the Colaizzi method. Data were collected by interviewing the participants and by further follow-up observations. Ten adolescents participated in the study. At that time five of them had already overcome the situation, three were still in a difficult situation and the other two participants were in a temporary absence from school. Results: In the analysis 109 significant statements, 31 themes, 12 clusters of themes and 5 categories emerged. The 5 categories are as follows ; feeling inferiority, not being cared for, loneliness, suffering pain and building a relationship and resignation. The 12 clusters of themes are as follows ; dejection, not being sturdy, mal-function of the family, indifference of the society, loneliness, vexation, suffering, grievance, positive intervention of a support system, exertion, harmonizing and abandonment. Conclusions: The results of this study will help professionals to understand these adolescents. Approaching them from the point of view of the whole man, can also be a practical methode for teaching.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.185-199
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• 2011

The aim of this study was to grasp the context of family life education under the Joseon Dynasty. As a first step to attain this goal, we used Yi Duk-Hong's Bubuyubyeoldo as our main material and examined the meaning of 'bubuyubyeol'(夫婦有別) in family life education as it was defined during the Joseon Dynasty. As a result, we found that 'bubuyubyeol' implied the strict avoidance of the opposite sex in the relationship between a couple and others as well as within the marital relationship. We also determined that in the family life education, 'bubuyubyeol' was closely related to 'bujayuchin'(父子有親), a concept that refers to the ethical relationship between parents and children. This concept also, formed the basis of social relationships. These results imply that contemporary family life education will be more effective and efficient 1) when it presupposes a common basic concept pertaining to the contents of object-specific education as well as overall family life education, and 2) when direct education programs are executed in harmony with indirect education.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.341-353
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• 2013

The object of this study is to examine the relationship between temperament (emotionality, activity, sociability, and shyness) and the resilience (social competence and language ability) of preschool children from low-income families and the moderating effect of maternal warmth. The subjects were 86 low-income preschool children (42 girls and 44 boys; mean age, 70.57 months), their mothers and teachers, recruited from five daycare centers in Namyangju city and Ansan city located in Gyeonggi-do area. Each child's language ability was individually assessed with with the standardized measure, Preschool Receptive-Expressive Language Scale (PRES) and their teachers reported on children's social competence and parents reported on their child's temperament by questionnaire. The collected data was analyzed by correlation analysis and hierarchical regression. The main results of this study were as follows. First, children's emotionality in temperament and maternal warmth had main effects on social competence. Second, only monthly income level and sex had main effects on language ability. Third, maternal warmth moderated the effects of children's shyness in temperament on social competence and language ability as resilience. Findings could provide basic information for programs to promote resilience in preschool children from low-income families.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.41-47
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate how environment-friendly activities through nature affects attitude of children. 5-6 years old children were targeted for study from March to December, 2014. Rapid changes of modern society made increase of female workers and their participation rates in economic activity which results children to play more time with artificial toys and media. There are 3 stages to investigate effects. $1^{st}$ stage is to know about woods by visiting woods and experience environment-friendly activity. $2^{nd}$ stage is to experience woods with 5 senses not only in real woods but also in classroom. Lastly $3^{rd}$ stage is to make art work with natural object and make woods in classroom. Changes of hildren's attitude and view toward to the nature were recorded and analyzed by anecdotes perpetual inventory and environment-friendly attitude examination. By analysis of infant gives you the opportunity to encounter nature, often in conjunction with ongoing enjoys nature-friendly program in the classroom to play with toys, rather than a complete natural objects gradually formalized when presenting a natural, concentrated than the previous game this time is enhanced and creativity through nature through the promotion doeeojim and attitude to nature is also eco-friendly activities byeonhwadoem program showed that the impact on the attitude of the infant.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.41-47
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• 2022

Objectives: Humans experience the process of separating-individuating themselves from an object via the conflict between dependence and independence within the self. The separation-individuation theory focuses on the psychological process of individualizing oneself. Although adolescents' individuation from their parents is based on intrapsychic events, there is an increasing need for an intersubjective understanding of it. We applied intersubjectivity to adolescents and parents to interpret and find solutions for problems arising during their individuation process. Methods: This study retrospectively reviewed a case of a son and his father treated by the author. From the study subject, contents that represent adolescents and parents' interaction and separation in the individualization process were extracted and analyzed, and their experiences shared in this process were reconstructed from the therapist's perspective. Results: From the case involving an adolescent boy with conduct problems and his interactions with his father, the authors observed the phenomenon of intersubjectivity and proposed the concept of "synchronized individuation" between adolescents and parents. As adolescents rapidly grow and change, they experience various dynamic interactions with their parents. Through learning to tolerate the conflicts and ambivalent tension inherent in this individuation process, adolescents and their parents develop their new identity. Conclusion: "Synchronized individuation" should be understood as complementary to, rather than exclusive from, the existing concept of the separation and individuation. It offers a new paradigm with which to understand adolescent-parent conflicts in the process of separation-individuation.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.139-167
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• 2019

Objective: This study aims to investigate the effects of a learning cycle model-based early childhood education program using physical motion on young children's scientific inquiry ability, scientific attitude, object manipulation ability and spatial ability. Methods: The subjects of this study were 60 five-year-old children who were attending K-G City Childcare Center. The SPSS Window 21.0 program and content analysis method were used, and post-validation Tukey was conducted to examine the differences between the one-way ANOVA and the group. Results: Activities using body movement were practiced systematically based on the circle learning. Children could revise their pre-concept and concept of error by interacting with other children, teachers and the environment. Furthermore, children were attaining new knowledge while they were doing body movement activities, assessing and applying them to actual activities. Conclusion/Implications: This study is investigated a cyclic learning-based early childhood science education program using physical motion, which has significance in systematic and practical early childhood centered education for young children.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.5 no.5
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• pp.1185-1203
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• 1998

When the class is added of deleted in object-oriented system, restructuring of class hierarchy is needed which enables new relationship with classes. But existing system requires much additional analysis costs because it is difficult to know the meaning between parent class and child class. This paper presents the updates method based on semantic modification through new relationship classification method. This method measures the similarity of classes and based on it's relationship, this method restructures class hierarchy by classifying not-equality, part-of, equality, inclusion, subset relation. This method can minimize the probability of meaning error for classes when the class hierarchy is changed. Also this enhances the reusability and understandability through various graphic and text processing.