• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.156-161
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• 2011

Objectives: Externalized behavioral problems are prevalent in adolescents, due to the difficulties associated with this developmental stage. Conduct Disorder (CD) and Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD), as well as other psychiatric disorders, such as major depressive disorder, result in the manifestation of many behavioral problems during adolescence. Methods: For this report, we analyzed a sample of 31 adolescents, each of whom had presented with CD or ODD at Chosun University Hospital between 2002 and 2010. We separated subjects into depressed and non-depressed groups according to their Beck Depression Inventory scores (BDI<10, non-depressed ; BDI${\geq}$10, depressed). Then we analyzed for neuropsychological differences between the depressed and non-depressed groups. Results: In our sample, adolescents in the depressed group showed less of a stealing (deceitfulness and/or theft) behavioral pattern and presented with more anxiety symptoms, lower self-esteem, and greater sensitivity in interpersonal relationships, as compared to the non-depressed group. Conclusion: When adolescents exhibit disruptive behavior, clinicians should consider the underlying causes of the behavior.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.91-104
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• 2005

This study was designed to examine the relations of home environment, locus of control, social support and behavior problems of fourth-grade Korean-Chinese children in Yanbian in China. The subjects were 190 children who completed the locus of control and social support scale and their parents who completed the Child Behavior Checklist. T-test, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analyses were conducted. Mother's education level, and psychological and physical environment at home were negatively related to children's behavior problems. The scores of internal locus of control and support from the teacher were negatively related to children's behavioral disturbances. The factors with the greatest contribution to explaining behavior problems of Korean-Chinese children in Yanbian were found to be physical environment at home, internal locus of control, and teacher's social support.

• 아동학회지
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• 제3권
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• pp.97-113
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• 1982

Problems This study was aimed to find out the effects of Kindergarten education on primary school child's learning achievement and it's continuance. The specific question to be investigated in this study can he summarized as follows. 1. How did the kindergarten education effect upon primary school child's learning achievement and behavioral development? 2. How did the differences of learning achievement and behavioral development between groups of children attending kindergarten and not attending kindergarten? Methods 1. Subjects One hundred and twenty children of sixth grade and one hundred primary school's teachers were employed 1) Sixty of children were experimented groups who had received kindergarten education. Sixty of Children are Control group who had not received Kindergarten education. The subjects were sampled in N primary school in seoul and Y primary school in Taejeon. Sixty of children were boys and sixty of children were girls. 2) Fifty of teachers were sampled in N primary school in Seoul and Fifty of teachers were sampled in Y primary school in Taejeon. 2. Instrument 1) School cumulative record. School cumulative record was referred to find out the differences of school records on learning achievement in morality, National language, social studies, arithmatics, natural science, gymnastics, music, fine arts and behavioral development in industry, responsibility, coorperation, indeperdence, law abiding spirit between experimental group and control group. 2) Questionnaire paper which constructed 10 articles. Questionnaire paper asked to primary school teachers for effects of kindergarten education. Results The results of date analysis can summarized as follows. 1. Kindergarten education, generally, is regarded effective at least for school work achievement but not so effective for morality and physical education. 2. Kindergarten education is not so effective in all school works of primary school in its continuance since its effectiveness begins to fade away from the 4th grade of primary school. But such continuance tends to be outstanding especially in national language, social subjects and arts. 3. The experiences of kindergarten education is not much helpful to behavioral development during primary school. 4. Primary school teachers recognize that kindergarten education contributes to curriculum work and behavioral development for primary school children.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.106-112
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• 2022

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the clinical and psychological factors influencing depressive symptoms in children and adolescents with epilepsy. Methods: We administered self-reported questionnaires assessing children's depressive symptoms (Children's Depression Inventory, CDI) and anxiety (Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale, RCMAS) to children and adolescents with epilepsy (n=87, age range=6-17 years). We asked their parents to complete questionnaires on epilepsy-related variables, parental stress (Questionnaire on Resources and Stress, QRS), parental anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, STAI), family functioning (Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale, FACES), children's attention problems (Abbreviated Conners Parent Rating Scale Revised, CPRS), and children's behavioral problems (Korean Child Behavior Checklist, K-CBCL). Stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed to identify predictive variables affecting depressive symptoms. Results: Family adaptability (r=-0.240, p=0.026), family cohesion (r=-0.381, p<0.001), children's attention problems (r=0.290, p=0.006), children's anxiety (r=0.714, p<0.001), children's behavioral problems (r=0.371, p<0.001), parental anxiety (r=0.320, p=0.003), and parental stress (r=0.335, p=0.002) were significantly correlated with children's depressive symptoms. Children's anxiety (β=0.655, p<0.001) and parental stress (β=0.198, p=0.013) were significantly related to their depressive symptoms (adjusted R²=0.539). Conclusion: Clinicians should detect and manage children's anxiety and parental stress, which may affect depressive symptoms in children and adolescents with epilepsy.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.132-140
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• 2013

Objectives : This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of an internet-based anger management program for school-aged children. Methods : Forty-eight elementary school students took part in an anger management training program; subsequently, participants, their parents, and their teachers answered questionnaires assessing the participants' anger, aggressiveness, and other emotional/behavioral problems, pre- and post-training. Results : At the post-training self-assessment, the participants showed significant reductions in their "anger-out" tendencies and physical aggressiveness. In addition, the effects of the program on "anger-out" tendencies, aggressiveness, anger and peer relational problem were found to be more significant in participants who reported depressive symptoms. Teachers rated the participants' peer-relational problems as having decreased after the training. Conclusion : The proposed internet-based anger management program had a significant effect on the school-aged children's abilities to control their anger.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.150-161
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• 1994

본 연구에서는 83명의 틱 장애 환자를 대상으로 그들의 임상적인 특성(성별빈도 차이, 형제순위별 특성, 동반 행동문제, 스트레스 정도 등)을 살펴보았고, 아동 행동조사표(CBCL)과 어머니 양육태도 검사(MBRI)를 이용하여 동반된 행동문제의 정도와 어머니 양육태도를 대조군과 비교하였다. 또한 DSM-III-R별 진단에 따른 차이, 주의집중문제의 동반효과 등에 관하여 검토하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) 남자가 5.9 : 1로 많았다. 2) 형제순위별로는 첫째가 막내보다 두배 이상 많았다. (맏이 : 막내 : 외동=4.7 : 1.7 : 1) 3) 형제순위별로 발병시기에서는 맏이가 빠른 경향을 보였다. 4) 틱 장애에서 대조군보다 동반된 행동문제가 유의하게 많았다. 5) 틱 장애 아동의 어머니들이 대조군의 어머니들보다 더욱 증오적, 거절적이었고, 아동을 부정적으로 평가하고 있었다. 6) 뚜렛 장애 아동이 만성 틱 장애 아동에 비해 동반된 행동문제가 더 심하지는 않았다. 7) 주의집중 문제가 동반된 경우가 그렇지 않은 경우보다 다른 행동문제가 더 심했다. 8) 가족력이 있는 경우일수록 뚜렛장애 진단이 더 많았다.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.106-116
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• 2005

연구목적 : 초기 청소년 ADHD 고위험군을 과잉행동-충동성을 동반하지 않는 부주의성 유형(ADHD-I)과 과잉행동-충동성을 동반한 유형(ADHD-HI/C)으로 분류한 후, 이들 간에 기질 및 기질 적합성과 문제행동에서의 차이점을 비교하고자 하였다. 방법 : 서울 모 남자 중학교 1, 2학년생과 그 부모를 대상으로 연구를 실시하였다. ADHD 고위험군을 선정하기 위해 ADHD 행동증상을 평정하는 세 척도 '((1)' 한국어판 ADHD 평가척도, (2) 부모용 단축형 코너스 평가척도, (3) 청소년용 단축형 코너스-웰스 자가평정척도)를 사용하여 2개 척도 이상에서 상위 $20\%$에 해당하는 경우를 고위험군으로 선정하였고, 이 중 ADHD평정척도의 부주의성 차원과 과잉행동/충동성 차원을 활용하여 각각 상위 $20\%$의 조합으로 하위유형을 분류하였다. 최종 연구대상은 ADHD-I 고위험군이 25명, ADHD-HI/C 고위험군이 70명, 정상군이 70명 이었다. 기질 및 기질 적합도를 측정하기 위해 학생들에게는 '개정판 기질차원척도' (DOTS-R)를, 부모에게는 '개정판 기질차원척도 : 맥락' (DOTS-R : Ethnotheory)을 사용하였으며, 문제행동 특성을 평가하기 위해 '한국판 청소년 문제행동 자가평정 척도' (K-YSR)를 이용하였다. 결과 : 기질 면에서는 ADHD-HI/C 고위험군이 다른 집단에 비해 '일반적인 활동수준' (general activity)이 두드러지게 높았다. 부모의 기대 맥락에서는 '일반적인 활동수준'에서 ADHD-HI/C 고위험군이 다른 두 집단에 비해 높아 자녀의 활동성에 대한 기대가 컸으며, '새로운 자극에 대한 융통/경직성' (flexibility/rigidity) 및 '기분' (mood) 면에서 세 집단 간에 차이가 유의미했는데 특히 자녀의 긍정적 기분을 기대하는 수준에서 ADHD-I 고위험군의 부모와 ADHD-HI/C 고위험군의 부모간에 유의한 차이가 있었다. 기질 적합도에서는 '기분'과 관련하여 세 집단 간에 차이가 유의미했는데, 특히 ADHD 고위험군의 두 하위유형은 정상군보다 '기분'과 관련된 적합도과 낮아 정서적인 차원에서 부모-자녀 간 부적합성이 ADHD의 행동증상과 관련되어 있음을 시사하였다. 문제행동 영역에서는 ADHD-HI/C 고위험군이 내면화 및 외현화 문제 모두에서 뚜렷하게 문제행동이 많은 것으로 나타났으며, ADHD 하위유형별로 비교할 때 외현화 문제에서는 ADHD-HI/C 고위험군이 ADHD-I 고위험군에 비해 유의하게 심각했지만 내면화 문제에서는 두 유형 간에 심각도의 차이가 유의하지 않았다. 결론 : 초기 청소년 ADHD 고위험군의 기질 및 기질 적합성 특성이 하위유형에 따라 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 이는 청소년 ADHD 행동증상 및 하위유형의 발현이 기질 뿐 아니라 환경과의 상호작용과 중요한 관련이 있음을 시사하였다. 또한 청소년 ADHD 행동증상과 하위유형은 기질 특성에서는 활동성 차원이, 기질 적합성 특성에서는 기분 차원이 연관이 있었다. 문제행동 특성에서는 하위유형별로 서로 다른 양상을 보였다.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.79-87
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• 2019

Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of clinical and psychological factors on the quality of life of children and adolescents with epilepsy and their families. Methods Children and adolescents with epilepsy and their families (n = 63, age range = 6-17 years) completed questionnaires on epilepsy-related variables, quality of life, children's depressive symptoms, children's anxiety, children's behavioral problems, children's attention problems, parental stress, and parental anxiety. Stepwise regression analysis was performed to determine the significant predictive variables that affect quality of life. Results In the correlational analysis, children's attention problems (r = 0.363, p = 0.004), parental anxiety (r = 0.377, p = 0.003), parental stress (r = 0.564, p < 0.001), and children's behavioral problems (r = 0.503, p < 0.001) showed a significant correlation with quality of life. Parental stress (β = 0.415, p = 0.001, adjusted R² = 0.345) and children's behavioral problems (β = 0.285, p = 0.02, adjusted R² = 0.345) were significantly related to the quality of life. Conclusions Clinicians should pay attention to parental stress and children's behavioral problems, which affect quality of life in families with pediatric epilepsy.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.71-78
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• 2001

연구 목적：본 연구는 이전의 연구들이 9번 염색체의 전위와 연관된 정신과적 특성이나 발달학적인 측면에 다루지 않았던 것에 주목, 정신과적인 문제 중 언어나 운동 발달의 지연, 지능저하, 성장지연 등과 같은 아동기의 발달학적인 문제와 행동문제에 초점을 맞추어 9번 염색체의 전위와 어떤 연관성이 있는지의 여부에 대해 알아보기로 하였다. 방 법：1) 1984년부터 2000년까지 서울대학교병원 인구의학연구소에 유전학적 검사가 의뢰된 환자들 중 9번 염색체 전위로 결과가 나온 증례들을 수집하였다. 검사를 의뢰한 진료과, 의뢰한 이유 등에 대한 정보를 얻었다. 2) 9번 염색체 전위를 지닌 소아 청소년 12명을 환아군으로 선정하고 성별, 나이 등이 일치하는 학생 45명을 대조군으로 선정하여 부모에게 과거력조사설문지와 아동청소년 행동평가척도(Korean Child Behavior Check List, 이하 K-CBCL로 약칭)를 배부, 작성하도록 하였다. 결 과：1) 9번 염색체 전위로 결과가 나온 165례 중 검사 의뢰 진료과의 분포는 산부인과(47.3%), 소아과(23.6%), 소아정신과(17.0%)의 순으로 나타났고, 소아과와 소아정신과에서 검사가 의뢰된 경우(67례), 의뢰한 주 이유는 지능저하(35.8%), 언어 또는 운동발달지연(31.3%), Fragile X 증후군 의심(23.9%), 성장지연(20.9%)의 순이었다. 2) K-CBCL 결과상 사회적 미성숙 척도에서 임상범위에 해당된 비율이 환아군에서 대조군에 비해 유의하게 높았고, 환아군이 대조군보다 언어나 운동 발달 영역에서 발달이 늦는 것으로 나타났다. 결 론：본 연구는 9번 염색체의 전위와 연관된 발달학적인 측면을 다룬 최초의 연구로 아동기의 발달학적인 문제나 행동문제에 있어서 연관성을 시사하는 결과를 보였다. 정신과적인 문제와 연관된 유전자의 다양한 표현형을 밝혀 나가는 토대가 되기를 기대해 본다.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.112-119
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with the problem behaviors perceived by mothers of pre-school age children. Methods: The participants were 211 mothers living in 3 cities in Korea. The data were collected from May to June 2009 using a self-reported questionnaire including demographic data, child rearing-attitude, and K-CBCL 1.5-5. The data were analyzed using SPSS WIN 12.0 version. Results: Factors related to the mothers' perception on problem behaviors of their preschool child were; first born child, economic status, rearing attitude and occupational status of mother. Conclusion: According to the result of this study, mothers reporting lower economic status perceived their children with more behavioral problems. Also, compared to the second or only child, the first born children were perceived to have more problems. Further study is needed to understand the mother and child interaction among these groups to implement appropriate parent education and counseling.