• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.55-63
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• 2009

Purpose: This study evaluated of quality of life (QOL) and physical therapy satisfaction (PTS) in caregivers of cerebral palsy children. Methods: Eighty six caregivers in Gwang-ju were examined. The caregivers' QOL was assessed through self-reports using the WHO Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF), and the data was analyzed separately for each of its 5 domains. Physical therapy satisfaction was assessed using a self-reported questionnaire and the data was analyzed separately for the 2 domains. The results were processed by the mean and standard deviation and then verified by ANOVA and a t-test to determine the significant differences in the QOL and PTS. The factors affecting the QOL were processed by logistic regression. Results: Life environment domain of the QOL across the caregivers factors showed a statistically significant difference in age at natal, monthly income and education. The birth order in the cerebral palsy child factor showed a significant difference in the general, physical and emotional domain of the QOL. The PTS showed a significant difference in the delivery of therapy domain and in the birth order and walking condition of the environment domain. Caregivers education was found to be associated independently with the life environment domain of QOL. Conclusion: Because the QOL of caregivers is an important treatment goal for children with cerebral palsy, early family intervention should be considered.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.171-190
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• 1991

This study focused on time use and the influencing factors of employed wives. Its aims are specified as follows.:1) to figure out the tendency of time use spent on a holiday and weekday by employed wives ; (2) to find out factors influencing the amount of time in each domain spent on each day. The samples were composed for 396 employed wives living in Seoul and Kwangju city who had the eldest child less than 18years old. were sampled based on their work kind, work status, and residential quarter. The results are as follows; 1) Employed wives spend 423 minutes a weekday, and 513 minutes a holiday on the sleep and 522 minutes(weekday ), 618 minutes (holiday) on the total Physiological time 599 minutes (weekday), 72 minutes(holiday) were devoted to the employed time. compared to 214 minutes. 395 minutes for the housework Finally 103 minutes and 349 minutes were assigned to leisure time. Compared with the research results in Japan and the United States, this shows large difference. Korean wives; work time is excessively too long while the time for leisure and psysiological time is too short, which means the life style of Korean wives ti too simple and monotonous. 2) Social demographic variables(such as work status, education, income, wive's relative income rate, family type. family number, the younger child's age, and etc. )and variables connected with employment (such as employed work time and employment motivation) significantly differentiate the time use. A wive with higher education, employment status, and income level, spends more time for the psysiological , leisure time, and manegerial housework time, while spending less time for work and physical housework.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.461-473
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to identify nursing interventions performed by pediatric care unit nurses. For data collection this study used the taxonomy of Nursing Intervention Classification (NIC : 486 nursing intervention) which was modified by McCloskey & Bulecheck(2000). The 419 nursing interventions were selected by panel group, which consist of pediatric clinical experts and nursing scholars. The data were collected 104 nurses of pediatric care unit. There were 158 nursing interventions identified as being used at least monthly 50％ or more of the nurses. The 32 nursing interventions were used at least daily, indication a set of core interventions unique to pediatric care unit practice. The most frequently used nursing interventions were 'Medication administration: intravenous' & 'Medication administration: oral'. The 27 nursing interventions were rarely performed by 90％ or more of the nurses. The rarely used interventions were 'Ostomy care' & 'Rectal prolaps management'. The domain received the highest mean score was Health System, followed by Physiolocal: complex, Physiolocal: Basic, Safty, Community, Family, Behavior domain. These findings will help in building of a standardized language for the pediatric care units and enhance the quality of nursing care.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.161-178
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to identify nursing interventions performed by neonatal nursing unit nurses. For data collection this study used the taxonomy of Nursing Intervention Classification(NIC : 486 nursing intervention) which was modified by McCloskey & Bulecheck(2000). The new 58 nursing interventions was translated into Korean, and then modified by pannel group, which consist of clinical experts and nursing scholars and finally the 419 nursing interventions was selected. The data were collected from 112 nurses. 168 nursing interventions were performed at least monthly by 50％ or more of the nurses. The high frequency of performed nursing interventions were Family domain. 37 nursing interventions were performed at least once a day. The nursing interventions receiving the highest item mean score were neonatal care, neonatal monitoring, photo-therapy; neonate, bottle feeding and temperature regulation. 56 nursing interventions were rarely performed by 90％ or more of the nurses. Most of them were in the behavioral domain. The rarely used interventions were urinary bladder training, art therapy, religious addiction prevention, religious ritual enhancement and bladder irrigation. Therefore, neonatal nursing units nurses used interventions in the Physiological: basic domain most often on a daily basis and the interventions in the behavioral domain least often. These findings will help in building of a standardized language for the neonatal nursing units and enhance the quality of nursing care. Further study will be needed to classify each intervention class and nursing activity and validate NIC in pediatric care unit.

• Journal of Family Relations
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.99-117
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• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this study is investigate the influences of childhood abuse experience, discipline styles and social support on childcare efficacy according to socio-demographic backgrounds of childcare teachers. Method: For this study's purpose, 200 childcare teachers working at children's schools in J city were surveyed and analyzed for child abuse experience, discipline styles, social support and childcare efficacy. Frequency analysis, t-test, ANOVA and multiple regression analysis were used as study methods. Results: The results of this study are as follows. First, there were statistically significant differences in childhood abuse experiences according to the general characteristics of childcare teachers in the sub-domain of occupational position and marriage status. Second, childcare efficacy and social support were positively correlated, and discipline styles and childcare efficacy were negatively correlated, but there was no correlation between social support and abuse experience. Third, general teaching efficacy regarding childcare efficacy showed a statistical influence of physical abuse, which is a sub-variable of childhood abuse experience. The general efficacy of teaching showed a statistically significant influence on logical discipline and coercive discipline, which are sub-variables of discipline methods. The general teaching efficacy in terms of childcare efficacy showed a statistically significant influence in the family variable which is a sub-variable of social support. The personal teaching efficacy within childcare efficacy showed a statistically significant influence in the logical discipline, a sub-variable of physical abuse, and disciple styles, a sub-variable of childhood abuse experience. Conclusion: From these findings, childcare teachers' childhood abuse experience was a factor affecting childcare efficacy in discipline, social support, and sub-variables. Therefore, it is necessary to remedy the effects of childhood abuse experience, encourage appropriate discipline styles, and to encourage social support in order to improve the childcare efficacy among childcare teachers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.35-46
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was a part of preliminary survey for establishing Korean HPS(Health Promoting School) model which was originally suggested by WHO. Methods: Three elementary and middle schools were sampled in urban and rural area across three level of social-economic status, and survey was conducted on one class in each grade by random selection. To measure mental health and social and familial factors, self-esteem scale, self-efficacy scale, depression scale, family cohesion scale, parent-child communication scale, adolescent's mental health and problem behavior questionnaire(AMPQ), and other question items about family status and economic level were conducted. Students' mental health level was compared by region, sex, grade, and other familial and economic factors. Results: Familial and social factors such as economical and educational level of parents, number of family members were different between rural and urban area. Also, students of rural area got lower scores at self-esteem, self-efficacy, but higher scores at extroverted problem behavior than their urban counterparts. In pre-school students, high grade students' self-esteem, and family cohesion scores were lower than low grade students. And sexual differences were found across problem behavior domain and region in middle school students. Especially, the students of single-parent family and lower economic family got insistently low scores at various mental health related scales. Conclusion: These results should be considered, when the HPS model is designed and applied in Korea.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.15-30
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• 2014

This study aims to analyze what factors are associated with child care accreditation in Chungbuk province. This study examined three questions about which factors influence the accreditation of childcare centers: 1) if they passed the accreditation criteria, 2) the total score on the accreditation criteria, and 3) the domain scores for the six domains of environment, management, process, interaction and teaching, health and nutrition, and safety. The characteristics of 1,212 childcare centers, the independent variables, were commit management, type, specialized service, maximum capacity of children, registration ratio, target age groups of children, duration, and city size. The formal expert committee evaluated objective scores for 952 childcare centers. I derived the data for this study from the i-sarang Childcare Information Portal site (http://info.childcare. go.kr/). Frequency, descriptive statistics, binary logit model, and OLS model analysis were used to examine the accreditation and scores by factors of childcare centers. The findings of the present study are as follows. First, about 80% of the 1,212 childcare centers in Chungbuk province were accredited. Second, the accreditation of the child care center was affected by the specialized service, registration ratio, and duration. Finally, the total score of accredited childcare centers was associated with the maximum capacity of children, registration ratio, and duration. The factors of childcare centers influencing sub-area scores were different by environment, interaction and teaching, health and nutrition, and safety. The present study is important because it offers preliminary data identifying accreditation characteristics that can judge problems related to the quality of service of childcare centers and suggest childcare policy implications.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.43-60
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to investigate the principals' and teachers' assessment about the assistance program for the evaluative accreditation of child care centers. Subjects were 138 teachers and principal who work in private(family) child care center in D and G city. An instrument to survey of this study was 'Assistance Program Evaluation Scale for the Evaluative Accreditation of Child Care Centers'(Nam, 2010) and 'Self-Assessment of Developmental Levels for Kindergarten Teacher'(Baek & Jo, 2004). Data were analyzed by paired t-test and ANOVA With SPSS 18.0 Version. The results of this study were as follows: First, there were significant differences in the both 'assistance system category' and 'assistance content category' between child care teacher group and principal group. Second, there were significant differences in the 'assistance content category' between the high group and the low group in expertise level. Third, significant differences were found to exist between a second-grade certificate level of child care teacher and a first-grade certificate level of child care teacher in terms of 'assistance domain'.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.73-87
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of children's socia-demographic variables(i.e., gender, birth order, and the amount of time staying in kindergarten) on, leadership, self-regulation and children's peer play behaviors. The participants of this study are 336 children aged between five and seven in four classes in a private kindergarten and eight classes in a private preschool located in the capital region. The results revealed that, girls showed more leadership, self-regulation, and play interaction section than boys: whereas, boys showed higher response in play disruption and the lack of play disconnection. However, birth order, did not have a significant effect on the sub-domain of leadership, self-regulation competence, and peer play behaviors. As for the duration children stay in preschool or in preschool or kindergarten, children who spend half-day showed higher reaction in behavioral self-control and emotional taking abilities than children who stay in the preschool or kindergarten full day. On the other hand, self-esteem of full-time children was higher than half-time children. Children who were emotionally sensitive, knew how to lead their peer group, and those who were sociable and self-regulated presented to be more active in peer-interaction than others. Second, as the result of the correlation analysis reveals, children's leadership, self-regulation competence, peer play behaviors, and play interaction had a meaningful effect on the sub-variations of children's leadership and self-regulation and they showed significant influence upon play disruption and play disconnection. In addition, girls who were not able to manage or to inspect their behavior and had insensitive emotion demonstrated higher tendency to play disconnected. Children, who participated in full-day program with having difficulties in self-regulation or inspecting their behavior properly but had a strong leadership and insensitive showed play disruption highly.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to analyse the principles and methods of Taegyo-Singi with regard to emotion and to review basic informations on Taegyo programs for promoting prenatal development. Taegyo-Singi was analyzed as follows. First, the contents of Taegyo-Singi were classified into principles and methods of Taegyo. Second, the domains of emotion were categorized into emotional perception, emotional expression, emotional understanding, and emotional regulation based on the classification of Mayer and Salovey, and Moon. Third, the contents of Taegyo-Singi were classified into the four domains of emotion. Finally, the reliability and validity of the classification were obtained through inter-rater agreement and analysis of content validity. The results indicated that first, the principles of Taegyo presuppose parental influence on temperament formation, and that the emotional states of the mother in the prenatal and prepregnancy period is the most influential variable in a child's temperament formation. Second, the methods of Taegyo presuppose that the human mind interacts with their behavior. Therefore, through emotional support of family members, 'jon-sim (the serene mind)' and 'chung-sim (the mind from rectitude)' are the key methods of Taegyo. This means that the Korean tradition of Taegyo focused on the emotional domain of development, especially emotional regulation. This coincides with the emotion-focused temperament theory that individual differences in temperament reflect individual differences in emotion.