• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.538-546
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• 2022

For the recent 5 years, the trends showed that the child abuses by parents was declined while that by child care teachers and principals, employees in child welfare institution was increased. In particular, significant increase of child abuses by child care teachers and principals should be paid attention more than the abuse by the others. The government had already enacted the Act on Punishment against Child Abuses in 2014 to respond and prevent from child abuses strongly. However, as the cases of child abuses continued, questions were raised on the effectiveness of the regulation or whether the court performed well to play a role to punish the assailants of child abuses by amended regulations was suspected. This study is aimed to review the application cases of the Act on Punishment against Child Abuses through the precedents of child abuses in child care centers and to analyze how the punishments to assailants have been changed compared to application of Child Welfare Act. This study has the meaning to grasp the incompleteness of legal application on the child abuse cases and provide the basic data to improve the legal and system.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.315-329
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to verify the mediating effect of job stress between childcare teacher personality and child abuse, and provides basic data on personality education and coping strategies for childcare teachers' job stress. A survey was conducted on 326 childcare teachers working at daycare centers in Incheon, Korea. The collected questionnaires were subjected to regression analysis, multiple regression analysis, and Sobel's Z-test according to the research purpose with using SPSS 20.0. The research results are as follow. First, it was found that job performance, a sub-factor of childcare teacher personality, had an effect on child abuse. Second, it was found that the sub-factors of childcare teacher personality, humanity, creativity and personality, social relations, and job performance had an effect on job stress. Third, it was found that childcare activities, the sub-factors of job stress, and the relationship with parents had an effect on child abuse. Fourth, it was found that childcare activities, sub-factors of job stress, partially mediated between job performance and child abuse, a sub-factor of childcare teacher personality. These findings suggest that in order to prevent and contain child abuse by childcare teachers, specific plan must be actively prepared to improve job performance skills related to childcare teacher personality and reduce the burden of child care activities which is a sub-factor of job stress.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.13-25
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• 1998

Aim：We think that the most important etiology in parent abuse is the psychodynamic and psychopathology in the family. So, we investigated the adolescents being admitted in SNMH, whose chief complaints were parent abuse. We were trying to explore families psychodynamic and psychopathology, especially mother-child interaction and to differentiate them in according to developmental psychopathology. Method：Our objects were the adolescent patients admitted in SNMH from 1987 to 1997 because they attacked parents verbally and physically. We examined 21 adolescents except those with psychosis, organic mental disorder, autism and mental retardation by means of interview or chart review. Result and Conclusion：The number of male patients was 14 and the number of female patients was 7. The most common diagnosis was conduct disorder and borderline personality disorder. The mean age was in the mid-teens. We observed 4 subgroups that were divided developmentally in object relation. 1) Symbiotic group with mother：(1) They did not separate and remain in symbiotic relationships with their mothers based on insecure attachment. Fathers were abscent emotionally and physically, and their mothers were prominent in close relationships with the patients in their family , where as the patients were the only man in the family. Adolescents entered the second separation-individuation. They expressed anger and internal tension involved with the close attachment with their mothers and also attempted separation from their mothers through physically attacking them. (2) These patients had suffered from physical illness and developmental delay since birth. Therefore the parents overprotected their children. The children had persistent infantile omnipotence and fantasies of power, so they could not deal with unrealistic states, adapt to reality, and depended on their parents overtly. They easily acted out unless their demands were fulfilled. 2) Borderline personality disorder：We observed deficiencies in care taking. Their parents had personality problems and immaturity. They coulden’t help their children to be separated in the rapproachment phase. Their conflict about dependence-independence was revived in the second separation-individuation adolescent period. We understand parent abuse as an attempt to overcome the conflict. 3) Conduct disorder：They did not build up basic attachment with their parents. They think of their parents as only a means of fulfilling their needs. When patients’ need were not fulfilled and remained in a conflicted state, they attacked their parents, unable to control their aggressions and impulses.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.71-102
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• 2004

This study is conducted to understand the meanings and nature of the experience of the physically abused children. This is a phenomenological study utilizing van Manen's method to present the children's inner world. The participants for this study were 10 children, in the age of 8 to 12, who were physically abused by their parents. Data were collected by using semi-structured interviews by the workers who regurally contacted children at the service agencies. Data were analyzed by using 'line by line' reflection by two graduate level students and by the researcher. Eight essential themes were drawn and used for the phenomenological understanding which reveals the meanings given by the children experiencing abuse. There were some suggestions for the abuse counsellors based on these findings.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.81-92
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify a path diagram for the influence of family, personality, sexual abuse, drug abuse, coping strategies, and aggressive impulsiveness on aggression, and to develop a sublimation program for Korean adolescent's aggression. Method: Data was collected by self-report questionnaires. Subjects consisted of 2,111 adolescents. A proportional stratified random sampling method was used. The major instrument was the Mental Health Questionnaire for Korean Adolescents, and the Cronbach's Alpha ranged from .54 to .95 for each subscale. Statistical methods were Chi-square, correlation analysis, and path analysis. Results: The strongest contributing variables on aggression were person-related aggressive impulsiveness, antisocial personality, self-injured aggressive impulsiveness, gender, sexual abuse, psychosomatic symptoms II, drug abuse, age, parent-child relationship, alcohol abuse and cognitive avoidance coping strategies in the order named. Also the author developed a multi-systemic sublimation program for Korean adolescents's aggression. The multi-systemic sublimation program involves four domains including adolescents, parents, peers and community, and has several therapeutic sub-programs for each domain. Conclusion: The ecology of human development is composed of multiple, integrated levels of organization, including biological, individual-psychological, social-interpersonal, cultural, and historical levels. Therefore, this multi-systemic sublimation program will prevent and decrease the rate of aggressive behavior among Korean adolescents.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.73-91
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• 2003

This research tested the path model which examined the direct and indirect effects of family violence experience on perpetration of dating violence among college students. Two family violence variables such as witnessing parents' marital violence and being abused by parent were the exogeneous variables in the path model, while the mediated variables were consisted of (1) the social-learning-theory-derived variables such as acceptance of violence, positive outcome expectations of using violence, and aggressive conflict-coping behavior, and (2) control-theory-derived variables such as attachment, belief, and commitment. Data were from self-administered questionnaires completed by 332 male and 469 female students selected by stratified quota sampling method. The path analysis was done for males and females separately, since females reported significantly higher degree of dating violence than males. Results of the path analysis showed that first, for both males and females, being abused by parents directly and indirectly influenced dating violence, while witnessing parents' marital violence did not have effect on dating violence either directly or indirectly. Second, for male students, acceptance of violence and conflict coping behavior found to be the mediated variables in the effect of being abused by parents on dating violence. Third, for females, a control-theory-derived variable of belief as well as all three social learning theory-derived variables mediated the influence of being abused by parents on dating violence.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.495-503
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify factors affecting the social competence of school-aged children according alcohol consumption by their parents. Methods: The participants were 558 5th grade elementary school students. Data were collected using structured questionnaires from September 17 to October 2 2013, and analyzed using descriptive statistics, ${\chi}^2$-test, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and Stepwise multiple regression analysis with the SPSS PC+ 21.0 program. Results: Participants were classified into three groups according to alcohol use; Non-use parent group (52.7%), social use parent group (31.0%), and problem use parent group (16.3%). Participants whose parents were problem users had significantly lower scores on emotional awareness and expression (F=14.45, p<.001), social support (F=5.82, p=.003), and social competence (F=16.33, p<.001) compared to students in the other two groups. In school-aged children with parents who were alcohol abusers, the variables that predicted social competence was friend support (66.0%). Conclusion: These results emphasize the importance of focusing on the crucial role of peer support in the development of social competence in school-aged children of parents who abuse alcohol. Further, for these children, interventions aimed at improving social support and children's emotional awareness and expression may be most beneficial.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.145-157
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• 1999

This study was performed by the children and adolescents who were abused or neglected physically, emotionally that were selected in child & adolescents psychiatric ward. We investigated the number of these case in admitted children & adolescents, and also observed characteristics of symptoms, developmental history, characteristics of abuse style, characteristics of abusers, family dynamics and psychopathology. We hypothesized that all kinds of abuse will influnced to emotional, behavioral problems, developmental courses on victims, interactive effects on family dynamics and psychopathology. That subjects were 22 persons of victims who be determined by clinical observation and clinical note. The results of the study were as follows：1) Demographic characteristics of victims：ratio of sex was 1：6.3(male：female), mean age was $11.1{\pm}2.5$. According to birth order, lst was 12(54.5%), 2nd was 5(23%), 3rd was 2(9%) and only child was 3(13.5%). 2) Characteristics of family：According to socioeconomic status, middle to high class was 3(13.5%), middle one was 9(41.% ), middle to low one was 9(41%), low one was 1(0.5%). according to number of family, under the 3 person was 3(13.5%), 4-5 was 17(77.5%), 6-7 was 2(9%). according to marital status of parents, divorce or seperation were 5(23%), remarriage 2(9%), severe marital discord was 19(86.5%). In father, antisocial behavior was 7(32%), alcohol dependence was 10(45.5%). In mother, alcohol abuse was 5(23%), depression was 17(77.3%), history of psychiatric management was 6(27%). 3) Characteristics of abuse：Physical abuse was 18(81.8%), physical and emotional abuse and neglect were 4(18.2%). according to onset of abuse, before 3 years was 15(54.5%), 3-6 years was 5(27.5%), schooler was 1(15%). Only father offender was 2(19%), only mother offender was 8(35.4%), both offender was 8(35.4%), accompaning with spouse abuse was 7(27%), and accompaning with other sibling abuse was 4(18.2%). 4) General characteristics and developmental history of victims：Unwanted baby was 12(54.5%), developmental delay before abuse was9(41%), comorbid developmental disorder was 15(68%). there were 6(27.5%) who didn‘t show definite sign of developmental delay before abuse. 5) Main diagnosis and comorbid diagnosis：According to main diagnosis, conduct disorder 6(27.3%), borderline child 5(23%), depression4(18%), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) 4(18%), pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified 2(9%), selective mutism 1(5%). According to comorbid diagnosis, ADHD, borderline intelligence, mental retardation, learning disorder, developmental language disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, chronic tic disorder, functional enuresis and encoporesis, anxiety disorder, dissociative disorder, personality disorder due to medical condition. 5) Course of treatment：A mean duration of admission was $2.4{\pm}1.5$ months. 11(15%) showed improvement of symtoms, however 11(50%) was not changed of symtoms.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.60-65
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• 2007

An unconscious 5-year-old girl was admitted to the Intensive Care Unit. She was neglected by her parents; she suffered from inadequate nutritional, medical and emotional care. The girl appeared to be emotionally detached, dehydrated and malnourished; she had edematous extremities, moderately bruised skin and brittle coarse hair. Laboratory testing showed electrolyte imbalance, anemia, pneumonia, copper deficiency, and liver dysfunction in addition to severe protein-energy malnutrition (PEM). Medical intervention was followed by improvement of most of the symptoms. During the rehabilitation phase, the patient showed a voracious appetite and gained weight too fast. The liver became enlarged and the patient developed a mild fever due to excessive nutrition. The microcytic anemia with severe PEM did not responded to iron supplementation possibly due to the copper deficiency. Addition of copper without zinc and iron helped to improve the anemia. The patient was discharged to a childcare center where she received cognitive and psychosocial therapy.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.87-102
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• 2021

Child abuse and neglect are recently increasing in Korea, and although the government has actively improved the child protection system, the number of abused children and the rate of cases judged as abuse have continuously risen. Given that 75% of child abusers are parents, child abuse and neglect are expected to recur. To prevent such a recurrence, various intervention programs for abused children and their parents are required. The purpose of this study were to design a recovery support service process and investigate the effectiveness of pilot program for families of origin, including neglected(protected) children, to improve the system by which these programs are operated, and formulate policy alternatives that reinforce "family preservation" principles. The pilot program was implemented from June to November 2020 in 4-local healthy family support center. The number of program participants and the frequency of participation in each other differed, because of the difference in number of confirmed coronavirus cases in each region and the requirement for social distancing. Through the program, a community-based service process was developed for neglected(protected) children and their parents, and cooperative networks between related facilities and institutions were established. The study formulated the following recommendations: First, a cooperation system among government departments mandated to provide different services to neglected(protected) children is needed. Second, wider and various channels through which abused children can avail of protective services should be developed within communities. Third, more stable environments for program operation should be cultivated, and cooperative partnerships should be sought for knowledge sharing among relevant government departments. Another necessary measure is for a center to develop its own business model, in which the duplication of services provided by involved organizations is avoided. Finally, clear guidelines, administrative standards, and specific plans for program operation should be arranged. Also regional characteristics are maintained, but services should be standardized.