• Proceedings of the Korean Nutrition Society Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.226.2-226.2
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• 2003

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.144-145
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• 2017

A Bacillus subtilis strain, designated G24, was isolated from grape during a study on the fermentation of Cheongkukjang, Korean traditional fast-fermented bean paste. Also, a newly isolated bacteriophage SPG24, which was found to inhibit the fermentation process, uses B. subtilis G24 as a host. The complete genome sequence of the bacteriophage SPG24 was 152,060 bp in length, with a G+C content of 42.2%. This sequence included 232 ORF; 58 forward ORFs and 174 reverse ORFs.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.71-81
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• 2008

The purposes of this study were to investigate the eating status and to analyze expenditures of the traditional fermented foods. A structured questionnaire survey was conducted from 370 housewives in Jeonbuk province and there were 300 usable samples(81.1%) valid for analysis. For the statistical analysis, the data was analyzed by $x^2$-test using SPSSIPC 12.0 for windows. The results of this study were as follows : 1. In the investigation on the eating status of the traditional fermented foods, Kimchi showed highest intake frequency(over once a day) and next Doenjang, Gochujang, Ganjang were consumed $2\;{\sim}\;3$ times per week. Jeotgal and Jangajji consumption showed the significant difference frequencies between the age groups(p < 0.001). The frequencies of using the home-made fermented foods were either similar or decreased, while the manufactured products were either similar or increased. The reasons behind the decreasing consumption were 'because of appetite change(47.0%)', 'the effect of western food(25.2%)' and 'dislike of salty food(17.4%)'. 90.7%(Kimchi), 54.9%(Doenjang), 54.8%(Gochujang), 53.2%(Cheongkukjang) of respondents knew the methods of preparation, while 62.5%(Ganjang), 41.1%(Jeotgal,) 31.2%(Jangajji) of respondents didn't know the methods of preparation. 2. In the analysis of the expenditure for the purchasing of the traditional fermented foods, most of the respondents procured Kimchi, Doenjang, Gochujang from their families or relatives, but they bought Ganjang, Jeotgal, Jangajji in the markets. And most of the respondents bought the fermented foods in the general merchandise stores or the department store except Kimchi. The places of buying Kimchi were specialty stores(34.6%), general merchandise stores or department stores(25.0%). Overall scores of satisfaction for the quality of manufactured fermented foods showed 3.29 of 5 - point scales. The average cost per month of Kimchi was 19,550won and Gochujang 7,878won, Doenjang 5,764won, Jeotgal 5,439won, Jangajji 5,412won, Ganjang(for soup) 4,714won, Cheongkukjang 4,677won, Ganjang(for seasoning) 4,464won, and total cost was 20,920won. The reasons behind purchasing the traditional fermented foods were 'because of convenience(58.4%)', 'no time to make by oneself(23.0%)' and 'for not knowing the making methods(12.8%)'. The problems of the manufactured traditional fermented foods were 'worry about safety of the raw materials or additives(71.2%)', 'lack of sanitation(12.0%)'. The most important thing considered in purchasing was 'materials and origins(86.6%)' and next 'quality(64.1%)' was another important thing.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.7
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• pp.1104-1111
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• 2014

To investigate major characteristics affecting the consumer acceptability of Cheonggukjang, the physicochemical characteristics and consumer perception of 16 Cheonggukjang samples (seven commercial samples and nine samples prepared in the laboratory) were analyzed. Overall, consumer acceptability of Cheonggukjang increased with higher contents of amino nitrogen and volatile basic nitrogen, as well as at lower moisture contents. Cheonggukjang samples with higher consumer acceptability showed higher purchase intent (%) and willingness to pay (won/200 gram package), implying consistency in consumer evaluation. Ideal characteristics of Cheonggukjang were lighter color, less water in the soup, stronger characteristic Cheonggukjang taste, sweetness and nutty taste, as well as less off odors, saltiness, and bitterness. The result of this study demonstrates the needs to improve sensory quality by considering the relatively low consumer acceptability of Cheonggukjang samples.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.342-348
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• 2019

The objective of this study was to investigate the changes in flavor components of cheonggugjang prepared with hazelnut. Amino nitrogen content in cheonggukjang was significantly lower in the 30~40% hazelnut group compared to the control group. The volatile basic nitrogen of hazelnut added cheongkukjang showed a similar pattern to that of amino nitrogen. The number of B. subtilis was slightly increased in relation to the amount of hazelnut added, but there was no significant difference. The content of glucose increased proportionally with increasing hazelnut. Total amino acid content decreased with increasing hazelnut. The ratio of glutamic acid to total free amino acids increased with increasing hazelnut. Oleic acid content increased proportionally with increasing hazelnut, while linoleic acid content decreased. In conclusion, the addition of hazelnut may contribute to the quality diversification of cheonggukjang by changing the taste and flavor while maintaining the amino nitrogen content of cheonggukjang.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.23-29
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• 2010

Poly-gamma-glutamic acid ($\gamma$-PGA) is a mucilaginous and biodegradable compound produced by Bacillus subtilis from fermented soybeans, and is found in the traditional Korean soy product, cheongkukjang. This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of $\gamma$-PGA from a food source on the concentration of the neurotransmitter GABA and its metabolic precursor glutamate in diet-induced obese rats. Eight-week old male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=60) were used. The rats were divided into two groups and obesity was induced by providing either a 10% control fat or 45% high fat diet for 5 weeks. The rats were then blocked into 6 groups and supplemented with a 0.1% $\gamma$-PGA diet for 4 weeks. After sacrifice, brain and serum GABA and glutamate concentrations were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorometric detection. The rats fed the high fat diet had significantly increased body weights. $\gamma$-PGA supplementation significantly increased serum concentrations of glutamate and GABA in the control fat diet groups while this effect was not found in the high fat groups. In the brain, glutamate concentrations were significantly higher in the $\gamma$-PGA supplemented groups both in rats fed the normal and high fat diets than in the no $\gamma$-PGA controls. GABA concentrations showed the same tendency. The results indicated that $\gamma$-PGA intake increased GABA concentrations in the serum and brain. However, the effects were not shown in obese rats.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.603-608
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• 1994

This study was undertaken to find out the effect of phytate on the protein digestibility of various soybean foods, including soy milk, bean curd, curd residue, cheongkukjang, soy sauce, and soy paste. The phytate content of soybean was 2.4%, which decreased to 0.2%, 0.7%, and 0.4% in soy milk, bean curd, and curd residue, respectively, and to 0.2% and 1.0% in soy sauce and soy paste, respectively. The phytate/protein ratio was not correlated with protein digestibility by pepsin whereas the ratio was highly correlated with pancreatin digestibility (p<0.01, r= -0.73). According to SDS-PAGE for the soluble protein fractions, soaked bean showed an alteration in soluble components and bean curd residue exihibited newer low molecular weight bands. Fermented soy products showed no protein band, likely due to degradation.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.926-932
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• 2018

This research was conducted to investigate the changes in quality characteristics of cheonggukjang fermented with the addition of hazelnut (10, 20, 30 and 40%) including; water content, pH, hydrophilic and lipophilic substances, color, viscosity and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition activity. There was no significant change in pH with the addition of hazelnut. The water content significantly decreased with the addition of hazelnut. Hazelnut was also found to brighten the color of cheonggukjang. L-value and b-value increased with the addition of cheonggjuang. There was an insignificant change in the a-value. There was a slight decrease in the content of hydrophilic with addition of hazelnuts. Where there was more than 20% addition of hazelnut to soybean, the viscous substance content in cheonggukjang decreased significantly. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory activity increased proportionally to the amount of hazelnut added. It was identified that the addition of 40% of hazelnut made its angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory activity 10% point higher than that of control. These results suggests that the addition of hazelnut makes it possible to produce cheongkukjang of excellent angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory activity.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.399-404
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• 2016

The applicability of photostimulated-luminescence (PSL) and thermoluminescence (TL) for the detection of 12 food materials (potato, onion, garlic, dried pumpkin, black mushroom, black soybean, Cheongkukjang powder, sea mustard, pepper powder, Ramyun soup, corn tea, and green tea powder) irradiated with an electron beam, gamma ray, and X ray at a range of 0.15 to 10 kGy was investigated. For PSL, negative results (less than 700 photon counts (PCs)) were observed from non-irradiated foods while the irradiated foods showed intermediate (879 to 2,414 PCs) and/or positive (19,951 to 65,919,035 PCs) values. In all irradiated samples, the maximum peak of the TL glow curve was observed between 150 and $250^{\circ}C$. Our findings demonstrate the successful application of PSL and TL to determine whether food items were irradiated or not. However, there were no significant differences among the radiation sources.