• 공업화학
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.360-367
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 미세플라스틱의 토양 내 축적경로와 분포현황에 대해 살펴보고, 토양시료 내 미세플라스틱 분석기법을 요약 제시하였다. 토양으로부터 미세플라스틱을 분리해내는 밀도차 선별 및 방해물질 제거과정과 정성/정량분석 기법으로써 pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry, µ-Raman spectrometry, fourier transform infrared spectrometry와 microscope 방법의 기본원리 및 분석의 한계점에 대해 살펴보았다. 미세플라스틱 매개 유해물질(첨가제 및 흡착물질)의 분석을 위한 화학적 추출방법을 인체 경구 섭취경로에 대한 in vitro 생물학적접근성 평가법을 중심으로 조사하였다. 본 연구에서 제시한 토양 중 미세플라스틱 분석기법의 원리를 바탕으로 매질상태, 오염수준 및 시료수량 등을 고려한 합리적인 분석기법의 선정이 가능하리라 기대된다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.32-40
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• 2008

Methyl bromide has been used as a representative fumigant for quarantine, and several poisoning cases have occurred recently by this chemical in Korea. The purpose of this study is to evaluate workers' exposures to airborne methyl bromide in the importing and exporting plant products quarantine companies. Air samples were collected 400/200 mg Anasorb 747TM and were analyzed by gas chromatograph /flame ionization detector according to the Occupational Safety and Health Agency (OSHA) Method PV2040. Geometric mean (GM) and arithmetic mean (AM) of total 27 workers' exposure concentrations to airborne methyl bromide were 1.12 ppm and 0.24 ppm, respectively. Two exposures(12.1 ppm and 12 ppm as 8hr-TWA) of total 27 workers' exposures exceeded the Korean standard (5 ppm) of Ministry Labor, while 4 exposures (15%) exceeded the Threshold Limit Value (TLV) (1 ppm) of American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). Seven samples (11%) of total 63 short-term air samples exceeded the OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) 20 ppm (Ceiling). The opening (management) task in wood fumigation by tent showed the highest short-term exposure concentrations (AM: 18.6 ppm, GM: 0.58 ppm, maximum: 340.7 ppm). The maximum level in treatment task of the same process was 2.01 ppm. Methyl bromide concentrations in opening operation was significantly higher than that in treatment operation (p<0.05). In conclusion, the GM of workers' 8hr-TWA exposures to airborne methyl chloride in the importing/exporting plant quarantine industry was estimated below the ACGIH TLV (1 ppm). However, opening task in the fumigation of wood being covered with tent or fumigation of pant products in container showed the levels exceeding ACGIH TLV (1 ppm), and opening task in the fumigation of wood being covered with tent showed the level exceeding the Korean standard of Ministry of Labor (5 ppm).

• 방사성폐기물학회지
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.253-262
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• 2004

Construction of tunnels in a deep crystalline host rock for a potential High-Level Radioactive Waste(HLW) repository inevitably generates an excavation disturbed zone (EDZ). There have been a series of debates on whether a permeability in an EDZ increases or not and what would be the maximum depth of an EDZ. Recent studies show mixed opinions on permeability. However, there has been an international consensus on the thickness of an EDZ; 30 cm for TBM and 1 meter for controlled blast. One of the impacts of an EDZ is on determining the distance between adjacent deposition holes. The void gap by the excavation hinders relaxation of temperature profiles so that the current Korean reference designing distance between holes should be stretched out more to keep the maximum temperature in a buffer region below 100 degrees Celsius. The other impact of an EDZ is on the long-term post closure radiological safety. To estimate the impact, the reference scenario, the well scenario, is chosen. Released nuclides diffuse through a bentonite buffer region experiencing strong sorption and reach a fracture surrounded by a porous medium. Inside a fractured porous region, radionuclides migrate by advection and dispersion with matrix diffusion into a porous medium. Finally, they reach a well assumed to be a source of potable water for local residents. The annual individual dose is assessed on this well scenario to find out the significance of an EDZ. A profound sensitivity study was performed, but all results show that the impact is negligible. Even though the role of an EDZ turns out to be limited on overall safety assessment, still it is worthwhile to study the chemical role of an EDZ, such as a potential source for natural colloids, potential sealing of an open fracture by fine clay particles generated by the process of an EDZ, and alteration of a sorption mechanism by an EDZ in the future.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.57-62
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• 2021

가스는 일반 가정 및 산업현장에서 폭 넓게 사용되는 에너지원이기도 하고, 석유화학 및 반도체 공정에서 넓게 사용되는 공정 물질이기도 하다. 그러나 사용이 쉬운 반면에 누출 시, 폭발 및 인체흡입 등으로 대규모 인명피해를 발생시키기도 한다. 따라서 가정 및 산업현장에서 안심하고 사용할 수 있는 가스 시설물 안전관리 솔루션은 필수적이다. 특히 가스시설의 노후화에 따라 고도화된 가스안전 솔루션의 개발 필요성이 대두되고 있는 실정이다. 본 논문은 가스 시설물에 더 이상 나눌 수 없는 최소 에너지 단위인 광자를 조사하고, 반사된 광자의 수를 분석해 원거리에서 가스 누출 여부 및 농도를 측정하는 기술을 개발하였다. 이는 기존의 전기/화학식 가스 센서나 적외선 기반의 가스 누출 감지기의 한계인 짧은 탐지 거리, 미세 누출 감지 불가 등의 기술적 한계를 극복하였다.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2022

The safety and storage periods of various foods, including dairy products, can be affected by a variety of internal and external factors. Therefore, all foods have a risk of deterioration after storage for a certain period of time for many different reasons. Among dairy products, cheese is enriched in necessary nutrients; however, it can also easily undergo physical, chemical, and biochemical changes under various conditions. Therefore, the storage period of cheese is an important issue. If various factors that can affect the safety and storage period of cheese can be controlled, the safety of cheese can be preserved and its storage period extended. This review of the literature published on the issue summarizes various state-of-the-art technologies currently used to extend the storage period of cheese without affecting its quality. This basic data will inform future research concerning the storage period of various cheeses.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.176-181
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• 2002

Astaxanthin (3,3＇-dihydroxy-${\beta}$, ${\beta}$-carotene-4-4＇-dione), a natural pigment of pink to red color, is widely distributed in nature particularly in the skin layer of salmonoids and the crust of shrimp, lobster, etc. Recently, it was produced from the yeast culture of Phaffia rhodozyma. Because of its high thermal stability and antioxidant functionality, its applications can be extended into food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical ingredient beyond the traditional feed additive. Because of its very high lipophilicity, astaxanthin has been extracted traditionally by strong organic solvents such as chloroform, petroleum ether, acetone, etc. In this study, we developed a surfactant-based solubillization system for astaxanthin, and used it to extract astaxanthin from disrupted yeast cells. Among Tween 20, Triton X-100 and SDS, Tween 20 was identified as the most suitable surfactant in terms of extraction capacity and safety. The ethylene oxide group of Tween 20 was identified as the most significant factor to increase the HLB value that determined the extraction capacity. The effects of micelle formation condition, such as the molar ratio of astaxanthin and Tween 20, pH, and ionic strength were also investigated. pH and ionic strength showed no significant effects. The optimal molar ratio between astaxanthin and Tween 20 was 1 : 12. Antioxidant activity of astaxanthin was higher than ${\beta}$-carotene and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol. Astaxanthin in the crude extract from the yeast cell was more resistant to air and/or light degradation than pure astaxanthin, probably because of the presence of other carotenoids and lipids.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.290-306
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• 2024

To treat the novel COronaVIrus Disease (COVID), comparatively fewer medicines have been approved. Due to the global pandemic status of COVID, several medicines are being developed to treat patients. The modern COVID medicines development process has various challenges, including predicting and detecting hazardous COVID medicine responses. Moreover, correctly predicting harmful COVID medicine reactions is essential for health safety. Significant developments in computational models in medicine development can make it possible to identify adverse COVID medicine reactions. Since the beginning of the COVID pandemic, there has been significant demand for developing COVID medicines. Therefore, this paper presents the transferlearning methodology and a multilabel convolutional neural network for COVID (MLCNN-COV) medicines development model to identify negative responses of COVID medicines. For analysis, a framework is proposed with five multilabel transfer-learning models, namely, MobileNetv2, ResNet50, VGG19, DenseNet201, and Inceptionv3, and an MLCNN-COV model is designed with an image augmentation (IA) technique and validated through experiments on the image of three-dimensional chemical conformer of 17 number of COVID medicines. The RGB color channel is utilized to represent the feature of the image, and image features are extracted by employing the Convolution2D and MaxPooling2D layer. The findings of the current MLCNN-COV are promising, and it can identify individual adverse reactions of medicines, with the accuracy ranging from 88.24% to 100%, which outperformed the transfer-learning model's performance. It shows that three-dimensional conformers adequately identify negative COVID medicine responses.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제57권5호
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• pp.628-636
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• 2019

다양한 산업 공정에서 배관은 각 단위공정 사이의 연결 매개체의 역할을 하며, 내부의 유동에 있어 필수적인 장치이다. 따라서 배관의 최적설계는 안전과 비용의 측면에서 매우 중요한 문제이며, 설계 시 필수적인 사항은 배관 내 압력강하 및 유속, 배관 지름 등을 결정하는 일이다. 본 연구에서는 배관 지름 및 유속이 정해졌을 때 발생하는 압력강하, 배관의 압력강하 및 유속이 정해졌을 때의 배관 지름, 배관 지름 및 압력강하가 정해졌을 때의 유속을 결정하는 소프트웨어를 개발하였다. 배관 내 유동을 단일 상 흐름, 균질 2 상 유동, 분리 2 상 유동으로 구분하였으며 이에 따라 적절한 계산 모델을 적용하였다. 파이프의 재질 및 상대 거칠기, 유체의 물성치, 마찰계수의 계산을 위한 시스템 라이브러리를 구축하여 사용자의 입력을 최소화하였다. 배관 재질에 따른 가격 라이브러리를 구축하여 단위 길이당 배관 투자 비용의 산출을 가능하도록 구성하였다. 이러한 모든 기능은 사용자 편의를 위한 그래픽 사용자 인터페이스를 이용한 통합 환경에서 구현할 수 있으며, C# 언어를 개발 언어로 사용하였다. 소프트웨어의 정확도를 문헌 자료와 실 수행 과제의 예제를 통하여 검증하였으며 단일 상의 경우 1% 미만, 2 상의 경우 최고 8.8% 정도의 차이를 보였으며, 이에 따라 개발된 소프트웨어가 실제 공정의 계산에 유용하게 쓰일 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.279-288
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• 2014

원자력발전은 국가의 안정적인 에너지 공급원 및 저탄소 발생 에너지원으로써 기능을 해왔으나, 원자력발전에 필수적으로 발생하는 사용후핵연료 축적이라는 큰 숙제를 안고 있다. 이를 해결하기 위한 방법 중의 하나가 파이로프로세싱과 소듐냉각고속로를 연계한 사용후핵연료의 재활용이다. 용융염 전해공정을 이용하는 파이로프로세싱은 사용후핵연료에 존재하는 장 반감기 고독성 원소와 고방열 핵종을 분리하여 고준위 폐기물을 줄이면서도 고속로의 원료물질을 공급하고, 소듐냉각고속로에서는 이를 이용하여 전력을 생산한 후 다시 그 사용후핵연료를 파이로프로세싱에서 원료물질로 가공하는 개념이다. 파이로프로세싱의 전단부에 해당하는 전해환원 공정은 산화물 형태의 사용후핵연료를 금속으로 전환시켜 후속 공정인 전해정련공정에 금속을 공급하는 역할을 한다. 파이로프로세싱을 위한 전해환원 공정의 상용화를 위해서는 고용량, 고효율의 시스템 개발이 요구되므로 양극과 음극에서 공정 속도의 영향을 미치는 인자를 연구하였다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.391-401
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• 2010

A reduction in risk of occupational exposure to chemical hazards within the workplace has been the focus of attention both through industry initiatives and legislation. The aims of this study were to develop an exposure matrix by industry and process, and to apply this matrix to control the risk of occupational exposure to Dichloromethane (DCM). The exposure matrix is a tool to convert information on industry and process into information on occupational risk. The exposure matrix comprised industries and processes involving DCM, based on an exposure database provided by KOSHA (the Korean Occupational Safety and Health Agency), which was gathered from a workplace hazards evaluation program in Korea. The risk assessment of the exposure matrix was performed using Hallmark risk assessment tool. The results of the risk assessment were indicated by a Danger Value (DV) calculated from the combination of hazard rating (HR), duration of use rating (DUR), and risk probability rating (RPR) of exposure to the chemical, and were divided into four control bands which were related to control measures. The applicability of the risk assessment of the exposure matrix was evaluated by a field study, and survey of the employees of the exposure matrix groups. Among 45 industries examined, this study found that greater attention should be paid to two industries: the manufacture of other optical instruments and photographic equipment, and the manufacture of printing ink, and to one process among 47 examined, the packing process in the manufacture of printing ink, because these were regarded as carrying the highest risk. This tool of a risk assessment for the exposure matrix can be applied as a general exposure information system for hazard control, risk quantification, setting the occupational exposure limit, and hazard surveillance. The exposure matrix includes workforce data, and it provides information on the numbers of exposed workers in Korea by agent, occupation, and level of exposure and risk.