• 농업과학연구
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.583-589
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• 2012

In the continued research on natural fungicides for the control of plant diseases by using plant-derived products, we found that Reynoutria elliptica. had a strong fungicidal activity against several plant pathogens. R. elliptica (3.2 kg) were extracted with 80% aq. MeOH and the concentrated extracted was partitioned with n-hexane, EtOAc, n-BuOH and $H_2O$ successively. The four layers were tested their disease control efficacies against 4 plant disease such as rise blast (RCB), tomato grey mold (TGM), tomato late blight (TLB), and barly powdery mildew (BPM). The n-hexane fraction was highly active showing over 95% control against TLB and BPM. and the EtOAc fraction was highly active showing over 95% control against RCB, TLB, and BPM. By using silica gel chromatography, MPLC, and HPLC, three compounds that were expected to have antifungal activity were isolated. Their chemical structures were elucidated as physcion, emodin, and emodie-8-O-glucoside by EI-MS and NMR spectroscopic analyses.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2007

살균활성을 보이는 천연물인 incrustoporin(1)의 기본골격인 2(5H)-furanone을 포함하는 유도체 2를 microwave를 이용한 Suzuki-Miyaura coupling 반응으로 합성하였고, 또한 furanone의 화학구조에서 산소원자를 탄소원자로 치환한 2-cycloalkenone 유도체 3 및 4를 유사한 방법으로 합성하였다. 합성한 이들 유도체들의 살균활성을 6종의 식물병원균에 대하여 조사한 결과, 벼 도열병 및 토마토 역병에 대하여 다소 방제효과를 나타내었다. 따라서 이들 유도체들은 다양한 구조변화를 통한 살균제 개발에 활용할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.178-185
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• 2020

벼키다리병은 Fusarium fujikuroi의 감염에 의해 발생하는 대표적인 종자전염성 병이다. 이 병의 방제는 화학약제를 이용한 종자소독이 가장 효율적이지만 최근 약제에 저항성을 갖는 균주의 출현이 증가하고 있다. 미산성 차아염소산수는 환경이나 사람의 건강에는 유해성이 낮지만 바이러스, 박테리아, 곰팡이에 강력하고 광범위한 항균활성을 갖는 살균소독제로 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 화학 약제 저항성 또는 민감성 균주를 포함하는 16개의 F. fujikuroi 균주를 대상으로 미산성 차아염소산수의 항균활성을 조사하고, 이를 이용한 친환경적 병 방제 기술 개발을 목적으로 하였다. 미산성 차아염소산수는 화학약제 저항성 균주를 포함한 조사한 F. fujikuroi 균주 모두에 대해 유리염소 5±2.5 ppm 농도에서 비특이적이고 강한 항균 활성을 나타냈고, 처리 후 5분 이내에 F. fujikuroi 세포의 치명적 손상과 함께 완전한 살균 효과를 나타났다. F. fujikuroi 균주로 감염된 벼 종자를 20±10 ppm의 유리염소를 포함하는 미산성 차아염소산수로 12시간 침지 소독하였을 경우, 종자 소독 효과와 병 방제율은 각각 95~98%와 90.1~92.6%였다.

• 식물병연구
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.57-63
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• 2003

Clubroot disease of curcifer crops caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae had been first reported in 1928 in Korea, and maintained mild occurrence until 1980s. Since 1990s the disease has become severe in alpine areas of Kyonggi and Kangwon, gradually spread to plain fields throughout the country, and remains as the great-est limiting factor for its production. Researches on the disease has begun in late 1990s after experiencing severe epidemics. Survey of occurrence and etiological studies have been carried out, particularly, on the pathogen physiology, race identification, quantification of soil pathogen population, and host spectrum of the pathogen. Ecology of gall formation and its decay, yield loss assessment associated with time of infection, and relationships between crop rotation and the disease incidence was also studied during late 1990s. In studies of its control, more than 200 crucifer cultivars were evaluated for their resistance to the disease. Lime applica-tion to field soil was also attempted to reduce the disease incidence. Resistant radish and welsh onion were recommended as rotation crops with crucifers after 3-year field experiments. However, so for, most studies on clubroot disease in Korea have been focused on chemical control. Two fungicides, fluazinam and flusulfamide, were selected and extensively studied on their application technologies and combination effects with lime application or other soil treatment. To develop environmentally-friendly control methods, solar-disinfection of soil, phosphoric acid as a nontoxic compound, and root-parasiting endophytes as biocontrol agents were examined for their effects on the disease in fields. In the future, more researches are needed to be done on development of resistant varieties effective to several races of the pathogen, establishment of economically-sound crop rotation system, and improvement of soil-disinfection technique applicable to Korean field condi-tion, and development of methodology of pretreatment of fungicides onto seeds and seedbeds.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.5-11
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• 1983

The purpose of this paper is to investigate domestic pesticides on their mutagenecity through a literature review on mutagenecities of chemical compounds : and to report the results of experimental tests on the mutagenecity of other pesticides for which mutagenecity had not been previously demonstrated. For the experiments on mutagenecity, Ames test using Salmonella typhimurium TA 100 was performed. Subjects of this research were 167 kinds of pesticides utilized in Korea during the last 10 years from 1973 to 1982. The results were as follows : 1) The total amount of pesticide which was consumed in Korea during the past ten years(1973-1982) was 113,038tons. The average ingredient amount utilized per hectare of areble land in 1982 was 6.6kg. 2) Among mutagenic pesticides, it was found that there were 11 kinds of insecticides, 6 kinds of fungicides and 3 kinds of herbicides. The total amount of these mutagenic pesticide used during the past 10 years is as follows: 8,911 tons of insecticides; 2,708tons of fungicides; and 14,087 tons of herbicides. 3) For the regulation and restriction on the use of toxic pesticides, the mutagenecities of ingredient chemicals should be considered. 4) The three kinds of herbicides and two kinds of growth regulators whose mutagenecity was not mentioned in the literature review, were all found to be negative in the mutagenecity test using Salmonella typhimurium TA 100.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.149-153
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• 2001

A total of 2109 isolates of Botrytis cinerea were collected from infected plants fo strawberry, tomato, and cucumber in Korea from 1994 to 1996. Based on in virtotests for mycelial growth on potato-dextrose agar containing fungicides, the esolates were classified into six phenotypic groups : SSR, SRR, RSS, RRS, RSR, and RRR, representing sensitivity (S) or resistance (R) to carbendazim, procymidone, and diethofencarb. In that order the isolation frequencies of the SSR, SRR, RSS, RRS, RSR, and RRR phenotypes were 28.7, 1.1, 28.8, 39.4, 1.0, and 0.9%, respectively. Three isolates from each SSR, SRR, RSS, RRS, and RSR and an isolate of RRR phenotype were selected and evaluated for their fitness-related characteristics such as pathogenic aggressiveness, mycelial growth rate, sporulation, and sclerotial formation. Competitive abilities of the SSR, SRR, RSS, RRS, and RSR phenotypes were also compared by inculating mixtures of conidial suspensions of two phenotypes to cucumber plant, and then determining re-isolation frequencies from lesions. In general, significant differences in fitness-related characteristics, except pathogenic aggressiveness, were found not only between but also within phenotype groups. In the competitiveness tests, carbendazim-sinsitive phenotypes (SSR and SRR) were found to be more competitive than the resistant ones (RSS and RSR), whereas, the procymidone-resistant phenotypes (SRR and RRS) appeared to be more competitive than the sensitive ones (SSR, RSS, and RSR). There was no consistent dominance in competitiveness between the diethofencarb-resistant and sensitive phenotypes. The RSR phenotype was the least competitive among the five phenotypes.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.177-183
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• 2008

고랭지배추 재배지에 발생하는 나방류 해충의 종합적 관리를 위해 생물적방제와 화학적방제의 조화로운 사용에 의한, 배추 재배 시 사용되는 약제 중, 배추좀나방의 천적인 큰밤고치벌(Microplites mediator)에 대해 저독성을 보이는 약제를 선발하였다. 큰밤고치벌에 대한 저독성 약제 선발 방법으로 분무법(Spraying method), 잎침지처리법(Leaf dipping method) 및 충체침지처리법(Body dipping method)을 확립하였다. 배추에 등록되어 있는 주요 살충제 31종을 추천농도로 희석한 후 큰밤고치벌 성충을 충체침지처리한 결과 16종이 저독성 약제로 선발되었으며, 배추에 등록된 살균제 및 제초제 15종은 큰밤고치벌(Microplites mediator) 성충에 모두 독성이 낮았다.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.322-329
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• 2017

As a result of contemporary environmental concerns, a number of studies from plants' tissues as one of the alternatives to conventional chemicals are increasingly investigated. In tandem with these trends, Lagenaria breviflora (LB) fruit, reputed as antiviral and depilatory agents in the Yoruba folkloric medicine was examined on Vitex doniana wood to ascertain its antifungal activity. Fungicides of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% LB fruits formulations (concentrations) were developed through simple one-step mechanical-forming process, including control. In this study, the yield, the chemical compositions, the absorption capacity of the fungicides and wood weight losses (WWL) analysis were evaluated to investigate the antifungal activity of LB fruit on wood. The fruit extract yielded 35.4% of fresh juice weight. LB fruits contained total: alkaloids ($8.78{\pm}0.21mg/mL$), flavonoids ($2.01{\pm}0.02mg/mL$), phenol ($7.42{\pm}0.09mg/mL$), saponins ($11.00{\pm}0.10mg/mL$) and tannins ($5.47{\pm}0.05mg/mL$) contents. All the formulations provided effective protection against the tested wood fungi compared to control. Interestingly, the antifungal activity of 50% and 25% formulations of 6.8% WWL and 9.9% WWL satisfied the excellent fungal resistance class description against white rot fungus (Ganoderma lucidum) and brown rot fungus (Fibroporia vaillantii), respectively according to ASTM D 2017. These results thus, support LB fruit as a strong potential source of natural antifungals for industrial wood production.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.211-215
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• 2002

홍화 탄저병에 방제 효과가 높은 약제를 선발하고자 지오판.리프졸 수화제 등 5종의 약제에 대하여 약효 및 약해시험을 실시한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1, $m^2$당 수확주수는 무처리 16.8주에 비하여 이미녹타딘트리스치람 수화제 처리에서 21.2주로 가장 많았다. 2. 이미녹타딘트리스치람 수화제와 메티람과립 수화제 처리시 방제가가 49.4~57.2%를 나타내어 효과적 이었다. 3. 약해는 시험약제 5종이 모두 기준량과 배량처리에서 약해가발생하지 않았다. 4.홍화 종실수량은 무처리 75 kg/10a에 비하여 이미 녹타딘트리스치람 수화제와 메티람과립 수화제 처리에서 47~48% 증수되었다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.328-333
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• 2005

Paenibacillus elgii SD17 (KCTC $10016BP^T$=NBRC $100335^T$) was recently reported as a new species. Based on its inhibitory activity to Thanatephorus cucumeris AG1-1, strain SD17 was further evaluated for its potential as a biocontrol agent against soil-borne diseases of turf grasses in Korea. P. elgii SD17 showed a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity in vitro test and suppressed development of turf grass diseases; Pythium blight caused by Pythium aphanidermatum and brown patch caused by T. cucumeris AG1-1 on creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris) in the growth chamber tests. Under a condition for massive culture in a 5,000 L fermenter, P. elgii SD17 reached $6.4{\times}10^8$ spores/ml that resulted in approximately $1.0{\times}10^7$ cfu/g when formulated into a granule formulation (GR) using the whole culture broth instead of water. Using the GR formulation, biocontrol activity of P. elgii SD17 was confirmed. In the growth chamber tests, the GR formulation was effective against brown patch and Pythium blight with similar level of disease severity compared to each of the standard fungicides at the application rates of 10 g/$m^2$ or above. In the field tests, compared to each untreated control, the GR formulation also effectively controlled Pythium blight, brown patch and large patch at all the application rates of 5, 10 and 20 g/$m^2$, respectively, without significant response by the application rates. However its performance was inferior to each of the standard chemical fungicides. Based on these results, we consider this GR formulation of P. elgii SD17 as an effective biocontol agent to suppress Pythium blight, brown patch and large patch of turf grasses in Korea.