• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.131-137
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• 1999

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of microbial fertilizers on the yields of Leaf lettuce, chemical components of soil, and the microbial floras. Six micriobial fertilizers, MPK+Husk+Palma, Husk+Palma, MPK+Compost, Compost, Bio livestock cattle system(BLCS) cattle dropping, and Tomi, were used. All of the microbial fertilizers were tend to increase yields of Leaf lettuce, especially MPK+Husk+Palma treatment was most effective. In a chemical components of soil, concentrations of K, Mg were increased with Tomi treatment, however, the other concentrations of soil chemical components were not different. In a microbial floras of soil, Tomi, Husk+Palma, and MPK+Husk+Palma treated plots increased in numbers of total bacteria and bacillus. Tomi treated plot increased in numbers of actinomycetes and fungi, also. The other microbial floras of soil were not different, however. The microbial fertilizers may affect the useful microbial floras, therefore, it would be increase yield of Leaf lettuce treated with them.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.29-36
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• 2001

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of microbial fertilizers on the yield of altari radish, chemical components of plant and soil, and the microbial floras. Six microbial fertilizers, MPK＋Husk＋Palma, Husk＋Palma, MPK＋Compost, Compost, Bio livestock cattle system (BLCS) cattle dropping, and Tomi, were used in this experiment. The yield of altari radish was increased in treatments of all microbial fertilizers. The concentration of all chemical components in plant were not significantly different. Whereas the amount of $P_2$$O_{5}$ in soil was increased in Compost treatment, the other components were not significantly different compared with control. The total bacteria and bacilli in soil were increased in Tomi, Husk＋Palma, and MPK＋Husk＋Palma treatments, and actinomycete and fungi were increased in Tomi treatment.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.195-203
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• 2022

Background: The aim of the present study was to determine radioactive concentrations in fertilizers known to contain essential nutrients. Results of this study could be used as basic data to monitor the impact of chemical fertilizers on the environment and public health. Nitrogen fertilizers, calcium fertilizers, sulfur fertilizers, phosphate acid fertilizers, and potassium chloride fertilizers were used in this study. Materials and Methods: Five chemical fertilizers were pulverized, placed in polyethylene containers, and weighed. The time to measure each specimen was set to be 3,600 seconds for a scintillator-based gamma-ray spectroscopy system. Concentration of gamma radionuclide was analyzed based on obtained spectra. At the end of the measurement, the spectrum file was stored and used to calculate radioactive concentrations using a gamma-ray spectrometer software. Results and Discussion: In the nitrogen fertilizer, 3.49 ± 5.71 Bq/kg of ¹³⁷Cs, 34.43 ± 7.61 Bq/kg of ¹³⁴Cs, and 569.16 ± 91.15 of ⁴⁰K were detected whereas ¹³¹I was not detected. In the calcium fertilizer, 5.74 ± 4.40 Bq/kg of ¹³⁷Cs (the highest concentration among all fertilizers), 22.37 ± 5.39 Bq/kg of ¹³⁴Cs, and 433.67 ± 64.24 Bq/kg of ⁴⁰K were detected whereas ¹³¹I was not detected. In the sulfur fertilizer, 347.31 ± 55.73 Bq/kg of ⁴⁰K, 19.42 ± 4.53 Bq/kg of ¹³⁴Cs, 2.21 ± 3.49 of ¹³⁷Cs, and 0.04 ± 0.22 Bq/Kg of ¹³¹I were detected. In the phosphoric acid fertilizer, 70,007.34 ± 844.18 Bq/kg of ⁴⁰K (the highest concentration among all fertilizers) and 46.07 ± 70.40 Bq/kg of ¹³⁴Cs were detected whereas neither ¹³⁷Cs nor ¹³¹I was detected. In the potassium chloride fertilizer, 12,827.92 ± 1542.19 Bq/kg of ⁴⁰K was and 94.76 ± 128.79 Bq/kg of ¹³⁴Cs were detected whereas neither ¹³⁷Cs nor ¹³¹I was detected. The present study examined inorganic fertilizers produced by a single manufacturer. There might be different results according to the country and area from which fertilizers are imported. Further studies about inorganic fertilizers in more detail are needed to create measures to reduce ⁴⁰K. Conclusion: Measures are needed to reduce radiation exposure to ⁴⁰K contained in fertilizers including phosphoric acid and potassium chloride fertilizers.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.79-85
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• 1996

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of slow-release fertilizers on yield of radigh. Fertilizers were treated with CDU, MEISTER, Jobi Gohyungbok-hapbiryo, Kyungki Wonyebokbi 1ho, Kyungkibokbi Nojeok, Kyungki Jeonjakgo-hyungbokbi, Tradidtional manuring, and No maunring. Yields of radish were increased with slow-release fertilizers, CDU and MEISTER were effective to radish shoot, also. But analysis of chemical components of plants and soil were no difference. It was very effect to increase yields of radish, to reduce in number of supplementary manuring and laboring.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.85-91
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• 1997

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of slow-release fertilizers on yield of lettuce. Fertilizers were treated with CDU, MEISTER, Jobi Gohyungbokhapbiryo, Kyungki Wonyebokbi 1ho, Kyungkibokbi Nojeok, Kyungki Jeonjakgohyungbokbi, Traditional manuring, and No manuring. Yields of Spinach was increased with slow-release fertilizers, also. But analysis of chemical components of plants and soil were no difference. It was very effect to increase yields of lettuce, to reduce in number of supplementary manuring and laboring.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.107-114
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• 1999

몇가지 土壤微生物劑의 處理가 배추의 收量과 土壤 및 植物體의 化學成分, 그리고 微生物相에 미치는 影響을 調査하였다. 모든 微生物劑 處理區에서 無處理에 비하여 收量이 增加하였고, 糖度 또한 增加하여 微生物劑의 處理가 배추의 收量뿐만 아니라 品質의 向上에도 매우 效果的이라고 思料되었다. 植物體의 化學成分을 調査한 結果, MPK+Compost 處理區에서 Fe와 Zn 含量이 매우 높았으나 有意性은 없었고, 다른 成分들은 處理區間에서 差異가 없었다. 土壤의 化學成分에서는 Tomi 處理區에서 K와 Mg의 含量이 높았으나, 다른 處理區에서는 差異가 없었다. 土壤의 微生物相을 調査한 結果, 總細菌數에서는 Tomi 處理區가 가장 높았고 Husk+Palma 및 MPK+Husk+Palma 處理區에서도 높게 나타났다. Bacillus는 MPK+Husk+Palma 處理區가 가장 높았고 Husk+Palma와 Tomi 處理區에서도 몹시 增加되었다. Actinomycetes와 fungi에서도 Tomi 處理區가 매우 增加하였으나, 다른 處理區間에는 差異가 없었고, psedomonas에서도 各 處理間에 差異가 없었다.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.103-117
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• 2001

This study was inducted to investigate the effects of microbial fertilizers on the fields of young radish(Raphanus sativus L.), chemical components of plant and soil, and the microbial floras. Six microbial fertilizers, MPK+Husk+Palma, Husk+Palma, MPK+Compost, Compost, BIO Livestock Clean System(BLCS) cattle dropping, and Tomi were used. The yields of young radish were increased in six microbial fertilizer treatments. The fresh matter weight, the number of leaves, and the dry matter weight of young radish in BLCS cattle dropping treatment, the leaf length in MPK+Husk+Palma treatment, the sugar content in Husk+Palma treatment, arid the leaf width in Tomi treatment showed the highest amount, respectively. The effects of microbial fertilizers on chemical characteristics of young radish and soil were examined. Phosphoric acid amount of young radish in Tomi treatment was much higher than other treatments. Potassium amount of young radish showed high significance in all microbial fertilizer treatments compared with control, and shoved the highest in Compost treatment . Two components, phosphoric acid find potassium, in soil inoculated by microbial fertilizers showed significant. Phosphoric acid in the Tomi treatment and Potassium in Husk+Palma treatment were increased. The microorganic populations in soil inoculated with microbial fertilizers were examined. While the number of Bacillus in ceil was increased in MPK+Husk+Palma treatment, the numbers of total bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi were increased in Tomi treatment.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제58권1호
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• pp.36-42
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• 2013

벼 재배시 화학비료를 대체하기 위한 유기질비료의 활용성 시험에서 유기질비료의 사용 후 토양의 화학적 특성에서는 pH와 유기물함량은 유기질비료의 시비량이 많을수록 증가하는 경향을 보이고 있다. 생육특성 면에서도 대조구와 비교하여 생육초기에는 유기질비료와 화학비료를 같이 사용한 처리구가 높게 나타나고 있으나 생육후기에서는 유기질비료를 12 kg/10 a를 시비한 처리구7이 엽면적과 생체중, 건물중이 가장 높은 수준이었으며 수량구성요소 면에서는 영화수나 등숙비율은 유의차는 인정되지 않았으며 수량 면에서도 대조구와 처리구들이 10 a당 500 kg이상의 수량을 보였고 가장 높은 수량은 처리구7이 538 kg/10 a 나타내고 있으며 미질특성 면에서도 대조구와 비교하여 유기질비료의 시비에 따라 큰 차이가 나타나지 않고 있다. 벼 재배시 유기질비료로 화학비료를 대체하기 위하여 본 실험을 진행한 결과 유기질비료를 시비할 시에는 토양의 물리성이 개선되는 효과가 나타났으며 벼의 수량구성측면과 현미의 품질측면에도 관행적으로 시비하던 화학비료와 비교하여 큰 차이가 없어 유기질비료는 화학비료를 대체할 수 있는 비료로서의 효과가 입증되었으며 합리적인 사용량은 10 a당 267 kg을 사용하는 것이 품질과 수량확보 면에서 유리한 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.290-303
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• 2003

현대 농업은 과도한 인구 증가에 따른 필요한 식량을 충족하기 위해 화학비료에 많이 의존하고 있다. 이는 농작물의 집약적인 경작으로 인해 토양의 중요 식물영양소가 점차 고갈되고 유기물 함량이 낮아진 토양에서 양분을 공급하기 위해 화학비료를 많이 사용하기 때문이다. 그러나 화학비료의 무분별한 사용은 화학비료의 가격상승과 더불어 화석연료의 소모를 늘리며, 심각한 환경오염을 일으키게 되었다. 따라서, 현재 세계가 주목하고 있는 새로운 방안은 농업 환경을 유지시키는 토양에 인산과 질소를 높이는 bacteria, fungi, algae와 같은 미생물의 접종과 함께 유기물 비료를 시비함으로서 화학 비료의 효능을 증가시키거나 화학비료의 대체 영양분으로 이용하는 것이다. 이러한 미생물비료 중 Azospirillum은 식물뿌리에 군집화 함에 있어 기주 식물에 특이성이 없으며, 넓은 범위의 pH 환경과 질소화합물이 존재하는 환경에서도 질소고정이 가능하다. Azospirillum 균 접종은 10-25%의 수확량 증가를 나타냈으며 질소비료시비를 25% 절감시키는 효과를 나타내었다. 질소고정 외에 Azospirillum은 뿌리의 생육을 증가시켜 무기양분과 수분의 흡수를 증가시킨다. 또한, Azospirillum은 식물 생장 호르몬을 생성하여 뿌리호흡 및 물질대사와 뿌리의 생장 및 활력을 높이고 polyhydroxybutyrate를 생성 이용하여 thermosplastic을 분해할 수 있다고 보고되고 있으며, 이러한 Azospirillum의 호르몬 생성 및 질소 고정 효능을 증대 향상시키기위해 많이 연구되고 있다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는 친환경농업을 위한 유용미생물로써 Azospirillum의 효율적 가치를 평가하였다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.98-102
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• 2012

Organic farming has rapidly increased in Gangwon province, but there is a concern about nutrient accumulation and nutrient imbalance in the soil of organic farming. This study was conducted to investigate the impact of continuous application of organic amendments on growth and yield of red pepper and soil characteristics compared with chemical fertilizers application for four years. Treatments of organic amendments including oil cake, rice straw compost, amino acid compost, rice bran compost, and mushroom media (spent substrate) compost resulted in comparable growth and yield of pepper to chemical fertilizers. Organic amendments improved soil physical and chemical characteristics. Especially, rice bran compost and oil cake significantly increased soil organic matter compared with chemical fertilizer application and mushroom media compost and rice straw compost significantly improved soil aggregate stability. On the other hand, available phosphate level in the soil amended with rice bran compost or mushroom media compost was relatively high compared with the other treatments due to relatively high phosphate levels in the composts. It is not easy to adjust nutrient composition in the organic materials. Therefore, the results obtained from the study imply that nutrient imbalance needs to be carefully considered in organic farming without use of chemical fertilizers.