• ETRI Journal
• /
• 제28권3호
• /
• pp.291-300
• /
• 2006

A simple and general bit log-likelihood ratio (LLR) expression is provided for Gray-coded rectangular quadrature amplitude modulation (R-QAM) signals. The characteristics of Gray code mapping such as symmetries and repeated formats of the bit assignment in a symbol among bit groups are applied effectively for the simplification of the LLR expression. In order to reduce the complexity of the max-log-MAP algorithm for LLR calculation, we replace the mathematical max or min function of the conventional LLR expression with simple arithmetic functions. In addition, we propose an implementation algorithm of this expression. Because the proposed expression is very simple and constructive with some parameters reflecting the characteristic of the Gray code mapping result, it can easily be implemented, providing an efficient symbol de-mapping structure for various wireless applications.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제27권4호
• /
• pp.574-579
• /
• 2014

A lysozyme gene from breast of Tibetan sheep was successfully expressed by secretion using a-factor signal sequence in the methylotrophic yeast, Pichia pastoris GS115. An expression yield and specific activity greater than 500 mg/L and 4,000 U/mg was obtained. Results at optimal pH and temperature showed recombinant lysozyme has higher lytic activity at pH 6.5 and $45^{\circ}C$. This study demonstrates the successful expression of recombinant lysozyme using the eukaryotic host organism P. pastoris paving the way for protein engineering. Additionally, this study shows the feasibility of subsequent industrial manufacture of the enzyme with this expression system together with a high purity scheme for easy high-yield purification.

• 복식
• /
• 제54권8호
• /
• pp.49-58
• /
• 2004

The purpose of this study is to develop a photomontage expression in order to express a characteristic personality and creativity of artists of effectively in fashion illustration. The results of this study were as follows : 1) Because of a fashion and a human body were the major subjects in fashion illustration, human body transformation and composition between a human body and heterogeneous objects by photomontage appeared with a lot of works. 2) Photomontage appeared with a parody in a truth recurrence differ from a visual art, a parody seemed to be a humor with recurrence image of the original and it appeared with the general public image and it is effective in message delivery. 3) It was a stopped screen. but photomontage was expressed through overlapping and reiteration was characteristic, and it appeared with movement. a direction, a speed and rhythm effectively. 4) One screen of general chapter was only to express limited meaning, but after screen of a lot of chapter, it was able to express that was borrowed and reconstructive with a lot of contents or different contents are more than before. 5) It is changed, and composited images have a multiple point of time, and it extend a space-time limit, visual limit and an expression enabled a multidimensional space-time. Moreover, photomontage neglects unique sincerity and fact of a photo by development and utilization of computer graphic. and it can get a screen effect to spread in the virtual world as abstraction and hyper-reality. Therefore, if various photomontage expression apply to fashion illustration works, it can overcome a limit of a visual expression. and it is able to become an important way for expanding a filed of expression and enhancement of a practical function gradually in fashion illustration

• 한국의류산업학회지
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.24-32
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this study is to understand characteristic of expression in Korean style fashion design and investigated Korean style fashion design's deployment and design idea method as well as its esthetic value. The photographs for the research were selected from fashion collections during S/S 2003-F/W 2007 by four specialists in the department of textile and then analyzed with 288 final data. The results were as followings. First, the characteristics of design expression in Korean style fashion design were formation by separating partial shape from the whole, formation by shape's separation and repetition, and connecting formation by combination and transformation of parts. In the case of color, they were direct expression, contrasting formative expression, and gradual changing expression. In the case of pattern, they were the methods of filling, filling & emptying, and partial filling. Second, the deployments of Korean style fashion design were adding modern elements to traditional things, combining traditional elements and modern things, and adding traditional elements to modern things. The third, Korean style fashion design's idea methods were weaving, snatching, adding, and changing. Fourth, it was shown that esthetic values of Korean style fashion design were the interactive organism by building organic relationship, the optimum expressing beauty with minimum elements, the palpitation having dynamics and rhythmical beauty.

• 한국디지털건축인테리어학회논문집
• /
• 제9권3호
• /
• pp.85-93
• /
• 2009

In this study, the ex-formal expressions observed in space form of Korean modern architecture are distributed for characteristic analysis based on the period and type. The result of the study is certified by the work analysis and the result is as follows. Initially, due to the limited materials and influence of western brutalism, the works developed during 1960~70 tend to be plastic and contain expressionism. Around 1980's, the works tend to show forms of amusement and popularity. In 1990's the works show significance in deconstructive expression. From after 2000, ecological concept of architecture was introduced and organic expression started increasing Secondly, the ex-formal expressions are found to be in four different types. The organic expression is shown regardless of the period. In modern days, not only the physical properties of materials, but also the ecological concept is combined with the organic expression and is in increase. The plural expression started appearing after the 1980's and the sculptural diversity is enhancing with the addition of decorative factors or modification of geometrical form. The ex-construction and deconstructive expression show significance in some characteristics such as folding, inclination, and geometrical explosion. The free form and nonlinear expression tend to increase dramatically based on the development of structure technology as well as execution and introduce of the digital design technique.

• 한국주거학회논문집
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.17-27
• /
• 1994

The Purpose of this study is to classify the life styles of urban residents in apartments and to find out possible correlation with their preferences on interior ambience.The selected samples were 3,000 residents from Seoul, Pusan, Kwaungju and Cheonan, and 2,750 of them were analyzed.'The results can be summarized as follows.1.The life style patterns were classified into S types, namely organized type, decoration-oriented type, self expression type, practicality-oriented type and fashion-oriented type. 2. Interior image were classified into 4 types, namely characteristic image, contemporary image, classic image and rich image.3. The interior preference was correlated with the life style patterns, such as organizd type preferred to contemporary image, decoration-oriented type preferred to rich image, self expression type preferred to classic image and practicality-oriented type preferred to characteristic type.4. The patterns of life style and the interior preference differed significantly according to the size of apartment and the age of owner.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
• /
• 제19권5호
• /
• pp.48-55
• /
• 2010

Marcel Wanders, one of the greatest designers in the world of contemporary design, was born in the Netherlands. His works run the gamut from interior design to furniture design to lighting design, building a unique world of works. He started to gain fame when he presented "Knotted Chair" at Droog Design in 1996, which was made out of aramid ropes and later became his symbol. In 2000, he established "moooi," a world-renowned design label. By giving characteristic qualities, his works are given meaning, and like a fantastical dream, their images are extremely fantastical and stimulating. As can be seen in his character cover, he puts emphasis on the harmony between minimalism and decoration, establishing his own unique design concept. In this thesis, based on Marcel Wander's design philosophy, his overall design characteristics were classified into theatrical effects and storytelling. Expressive elements depaysement, eclectic mixture, and scale modification were derived from theatrical effects and analyzed; for storytelling, object, semantic cues, and dream and fantasy were derived and analyzed. A distinguishing feature of such analysis is his meaning-centric design approach, the principle by which to form long-term relationships with the users by creating user-centric designs that make them find meaning and values in diverse experiences in their daily routine, giving them familiar yet unique experience.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.117-122
• /
• 2005

본 논문은 얼굴 특징점 추출을 위한 알고리즘을 제안한다. 얼굴 특징점은 얼굴 애니메이션과 아바타 모방을 위한 표정 표현이나, 얼굴 표정 인식 등에서 중요한 자료이다. 얼굴 특징점 추출을 위한 기존 방법은 고가의 모션 캡쳐 장비나 표식을 사용하는 것으로 대상 인물에게 심리적 부담감이나 부자연스러움을 준다. 이에 반해 제안된 알고리즘은 카메라로 취득된 영상에서 영상 처리만으로 얼굴 특징점을 추출함으로써 기존 방법의 문제점을 해결한다. 또한 효율적인 특징점 추출을 위해 특징점 추출의 근원이 되는 기존 얼굴 구성요소 검출 알고리즘의 문제점을 분석하고 개선한다.

• 복식문화연구
• /
• 제18권5호
• /
• pp.1003-1016
• /
• 2010

The purpose of this study is to reorganize any rusty image including natural modeling characteristic presented from the natural phenomenon to certain patterns in order to create the fashion design that are valued in the expansion of independently expressional area and modeling art. As a method for research, the author analyzed the concept and characteristic for rust with a base of theoretical background by the documental research and realistic consideration, analyzed its modeling characteristic through domestic and overseas pictures, and e-documents as data, inspected the modeling activities of various categories that various images were adapted related to rust, looked into the concept of Digital Textile Printing and its producing procedure as an expressional method, and analyzed the examples of modern dress and its ornament making use of Digital Textile Printing. The conclusions of this study are as below. First, the rust occurred due to the natural phenomenon is the bond with different material like metal, each unique modeling characteristic occurs and harmony of various patterns has abundant aesthetic value. Second, the author could endowed sensible characteristic and speciality with works and could produce creative fashion design that painting, abstractive pattern and harmony of unique sense of colors are significant by using the image of rust, Third, to emphasize natural feeling of rust, the author could develop creative design that simple silhouette and impressive pattern look significant by reorganizing and applying rust according to repetition, increment, rhythm, contract, emphasis and harmony. Fourth, Digital Textile Printing method is used to induce visual effect by the expression of feels of rust, and the author could express the natural patterns, delicate expression for the feels of a material and unique design of emotion.

• 한국의류학회지
• /
• 제28권2호
• /
• pp.332-343
• /
• 2004

This is a study on expression and the extent of using make-up according to the lifestyle of woman. The purpose of this study is to induce factors which decide the lifestyle of woman, group them, understand groups＇ demographic characteristic and study on make-up expression and the extent of using make-up according to the lifestyle of groups. This survey is conducted to 611 women and analyzed with SPSS package. The result of a study is as follows： 1. We classified them into 5 factors such as factors of make-up preference, arance-oriented, economy and information-oriented, daily make-up, and interest in make-up with the method of AIO analysis. Then I researched groups on the basis of the mean of those factors. As a result, it is classified as a make-up oriented group, a consciously daily make-up group, a unconcern of make-up group, and a reasonable make-up pursuit group. 2. The demographic characteristic according to the classified lifestyles showed the difference as a result of variance analysis of age, marital status, job, education, and monthly pay. 3. A result of variance analysis on the extent of satisfaction with their faces according to the lifestyle showed the difference of facial satisfaction with complexion, skin, eyes, nose and so on. 4. We analyzed a reason of make-up, a extent of make-up, image to express, the most concerning part for make-up, and the type of cosmetics which people use most in order to know the difference of make-up expression and the extent of using make-up. As a result, its variance showed the difference among groups.