• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.61-68
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• 2015

Objective : Police officers are exposed to job-related traumatic events and have a high prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study examined the relationship between PTSD symptoms and dimensions of temperament and character in police officers. Method : Thirty-six police officers participating in a psychological support program were enrolled. All subjects were asked to complete a demographic questionnaire, the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) and other self-reported symptoms scales. Results : Among all participants (age $40.8{\pm}10.2$, men 94.4%), the rate of 'post-traumatic stress symptoms group' was 47.2%. After controlling for confounding factors, lower self-directedness scores were significantly associated with higher PTSD symptoms (${\beta}=0.6$, p=0.03) in multiple regression analysis. Conclusion : Character traits, especially self-directedness, were associated with the severity of PTSD symptoms severity. These findings may provide useful information regarding personality factors related to PTSD in police officers.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.191-198
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• 2013

Objectives : The objective of this study is to find out the differences in psychopathology, temperament, and character factors between young adults with and without childhood attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms. Methods : The subjects consisted of 314 university students (male=72, female=242) in Gongju. They were divided into childhood ADHD group (N=54) and normal group (N=260) to the Wender-Utah Rating Scale. Participants were assessed using Korean Adult ADHD Scale, Beck Depression Inventory-II, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Kimberly Young's Internet Addiction Test, Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, Paranoia Scale, Korean-Schizotypal Ambivalence Scale, Lubben Social Network Scale, and Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised. Descriptive statistics, t-test, chi-square, spearman correlation, and stepwise multiple regression were applied to analyze the data. Results : Participants with childhood ADHD symptoms had high level of adult ADHD symptoms (p<.001), impulsiveness (p=.001), depression (p<.001), anxiety (p<.001), internet addiction (p<.001), paranoia tendency (p<.001) and low level of selfesteem (p<.001) compared to normal group. Self-directedness (p<.001) was lower, Harm avoidance (p=.001) and Self-transcendence (p=.029) were higher in the childhood ADHD group. In correlation and stepwise multiple regression, childhood ADHD symptoms were significantly associated with cooperativeness (r=-0.515 and ${\beta}$=-0.547, p<.001 respectively). Conclusion : This result showed that young adults with childhood ADHD symptoms had various forms of psychopathology and childhood ADHD symptoms were influenced by character such as cooperativeness. Therefore, more thorough evaluation regarding childhood ADHD symptoms is needed.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.23-28
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• 2009

Objectives : This study was conducted to investigate the association between the symptoms of boys with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and the attention-deficit hyperactivity symptoms, temperament and character patterns of their parents. Methods : Forty-five boys with ADHD and who met the DSM-IV criteria were evaluated by using the ADHD rating scale (ADHD-RS), and their parents completed the Korean Adult ADHD scale (K-AADHDS) and the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). Results : The parental K-AADHDS scores were not associated with the ADHD-RS total score and the subscale scores of their siblings. The most potent variable related to the ADHD-RS total score was the maternal self-directedness, and the second was the maternal persistence. The maternal self-directedness was the variable that was most correlated with the hyperactivity/impulsivity subscale scores of the ADHD-RS. Conclusion : The results suggest that the paternal ADHD symptoms may not be related to the ADHD symptoms of boys with ADHD. Higher maternal self-directedness and persistence may decrease overall the ADHD symptoms of these boys, and higher maternal self-directedness itself may predict lower hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms of the boys with ADHD.

• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.94-100
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• 2019

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in anxiety and depression symptoms, comorbidity according to the patterns of temperament and character in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Methods : The temperament and character inventory (TCI), beck depression inventory (BDI) and beck anxiety inventory (BAI) were administered to 151 PTSD patients classified into four groups of adaptation, vulnerable temperament, immature personality and composite vulnerability according to the results of the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). MANOVA and Chi-square tests were conducted to analyze differences in BDI, BAI, temperament and character scores and rate of comorbid disorders between the four groups. Results : The immature character and complex vulnerability group showed the higher rate of comorbid depression disorder. Anxiety and depression severity were significantly different among groups, especially depression severity had higher scores in the immature character and complex vulnerability groups and anxiety severity had higher scores in the complex vulnerability group than adaptive group. The immature character and complex vulnerability groups showed significantly lower score on the temperament scale of reward dependence and persistent. Conclusion : The results demonstrate the significance of adaptive characteristics on anxiety and depression symptoms regardless of vulnerable temperaments, and its consequent role in the management of character factors relative to intervention regarding PTSD.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.31-40
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• 2005

Objectives: This study was performed to investigate the character of childhood common cold according to four seasons. Methods: We made an investigation into medical record of 432 children under fifteen years of age who visited pediatrics or emergency room suffering from common cold. We analyzed the principal and secondary symptoms of the children classifying four seasons by $SPSS^{\circledR}$ 12.0 for windows. Results: Male to female ratio were 1.42:1, the average of age was 3.86 years old. Distribution of principal symptoms was that nasal discharge was 231(56.1%), cough was 233(54.1%), nasal obstruction was 162(39.3%), secretion and sputum were 126(30.6%), fever was 121(29.4%), and headache was 13(3.2%). Out of these fever occurred in high frequency during spring and summer, nasal obstruction occurred in high frequency during spring and autumn. Distribution of secondary symptoms was that throat pain was 93(22.6%), otalgia was 39(9.5%), vomiting was 35(8.5%), abdominal pain was 30(7.3%), anorexia was 23(5.6%), sweating was 21(5.1%), diarrhea was 19(4.6%), and startle was 11(2.7%). Out of these otalgia occurred in high frequency during spring and summer, diarrhea occurred in high frequency during autumn and winter. Conclusions: A few symptoms can be the character according to four seasons.

• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.111-120
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• 2008

Objective : This study investigated the temperament and character traits associated with suicide attempts in patients with mood disorders. Methods : The temperament and character inventory (TCI) was administered to 150 patients who visited psychiatric clinics seeking treatment for mood symptoms. The patients were divided into three groups as follows : non-suicide ideation, suicide ideation and suicide attempt. We also gathered socio-economic data in order to rule out confounding variables. MANOVA was performed to analyze differences in personal temperament and character scores on the TCI between the three groups. Results : The self-directedness and cooperativeness subscales of the TCI are most influenced by the clinical symptoms rated by Beck Suicide Ideation Scale and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. In the temperament scale, the suicide attempt group scored higher on the novelty seeking and harm avoidance items than the other two groups. The specific temperaments associated with suicidal behavior in patients with depression are impulsivity (NS2) and anticipatory anxiety or pessimism (HA1). Conclusion : In this study, we found that more risky patients who had previously attempted suicide had a temperament of impulsivity or pessimism. This finding suggests that a more cautious approach is needed to assess mood disorder patients with impulsive or pessimistic temperaments in order to prevent suicide attempts.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.60-68
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• 2015

Objectives The purpose of this study is to establish relationship between functional gastrointestinal disorders in children and Temperament and Character using objective criteria and questionnaires. Methods This study surveyed 3-6 years old 130 children who were attending the kindergarten or daycare center in the vicinity of Gangdong from May 15th, 2014 to November 30th, 2014. The Korean-translated Questionnaire on Pediatric Gastrointestinal Symptoms-Rome III (QPGS-Rome III) and The Junior Temperament and Character Inventory 3-6 (JTCI 3-6) questionnaires were used. Results 1. Between the groups, functional gastrointestinal disorder group scored significantly higher on NS, NS1, NS4, HA4, ST and ST1. 2. As the number of functional gastrointestinal disorders increase, the group scored higher on NS, NS1, NS4, HA4, ST and ST1. Conclusions This study showed functional gastrointestinal disorder group exhibited higher NS, NS1, NS4, HA4, ST and ST1 scores.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.103-111
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• 2000

Objectives : We studied the aspects of headache in the patients with stroke. We compared character of headache on stroke with functional one. Methods : The subject of this study was based on 63 patients with headache who were admitted to the oriental hospital after stroke. We analyzed patients into sex & age, month, severity of headache on stroke type & lesion, site & character of headache. associated symptoms & signs on headache state.Results : The age of headache with stroke is higher than general headache. There was significant differences between general headache and headache with stroke. The cerebral hemorrhage is severer than cerebral infaction in th pain of headache. The most frequently appeared site of headache is temporal area and associated symptoms is vertigo & nausea.Conclusions : The headache of stroke patient is different form functional headache. because of cerebral vascular accident influence on inducing headache. Therefore we should study different methods between the headache of stroke patient and the others in medical treatment.

• 대한한의진단학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.109-113
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• 2015

Byunzheng(辨證), 'Identification of Patterns' implies the process of identifying the original cause from symptoms and signs. Each symptom and sign has a meaning that manifests. But in Clinic, it is difficult to recognize the main cause through symptoms and signs by itself, because the patients complaint their symptoms differently. When considering Byunzheng, not only one symptom of one cause but relationship of manifested symptoms and causes are necessary. The object of Byunzheng is to diagnose Illness and disease through symptoms and signs and to coordinate Therapeutic Methods by Byunzheng. In Byunzheng, there are patterns according to the function of Internal Organs(臟腑), the Channels, the Eight Principles, the Five Elements and etc. Process to Diagnose Byunzheng is the most important. Until present, it is not clear to conclude the Byunzheng process or criteria. In certain case of Byunzheng is recognized by doctor's intuition, but most case is needed for conscious reasoning. Therefore, in this statement, process of conclude Byunzheng is reviewed rather than describing each character of Byunzheng.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.371-379
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• 2015

본 연구는 SCL-90-R을 이용해 측두하악장애 증상과 심리특성과의 관계를 알아보고자 실시되었다. 대전과 강원지역의 20-31세 대학생 294명(남자 140명, 여자 54명)을 대상으로 2014년 03월 01일부터 2014년 6월 30일까지 자기기입식 설문조사를 실시하였다. 수집된 자료의 분석결과 하악 사용과 관련된 구강 내 악습관 중 이갈이와 편측 저작이 측두하악 장애증상의 심도에 유의미한 상관관계(p<0.01)를 보였으며, 간이 정신진단검사(SCL-90-R) 결과 공포불안(PHOB)를 제외한 항목에서 측두하악장애 증상의 심도와 유의미한 상관관계를 보였다(p<0.05). 연구대상자들의 심리특성이 측두하악장애 증상에 미치는 순수한 영향력을 살펴보기 위해 개인적 특성변수를 통제하여 다중회귀분석을 실시한 결과 개인적 심리특성 요인중 신체화(SPM) 척도만이 측두하악장애 증상의 심도에 유의한 정(+)적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.