Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5765/jkacap.2013.24.4.191

Psychopathology, Temperament, and Character Factors of Adults with Childhood Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Symptoms  

Song, Yul-Mai (Neuropsychiatry Research Laboratory, Gongju National Hospital)
Lee, Kounseok (Department of Psychiatry, Samsung Medical Center)
Han, Doug Hyun (Department of Psychiatry, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital)
Lee, Young Sik (Department of Psychiatry, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital)
Min, Kyung Joon (Department of Psychiatry, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital)
Park, Jin Young (Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital)
Kim, Jun Won (Neuropsychiatry Research Laboratory, Gongju National Hospital)
Publication Information
Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry / v.24, no.4, 2013 , pp. 191-198 More about this Journal
Abstract
Objectives : The objective of this study is to find out the differences in psychopathology, temperament, and character factors between young adults with and without childhood attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms. Methods : The subjects consisted of 314 university students (male=72, female=242) in Gongju. They were divided into childhood ADHD group (N=54) and normal group (N=260) to the Wender-Utah Rating Scale. Participants were assessed using Korean Adult ADHD Scale, Beck Depression Inventory-II, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Kimberly Young's Internet Addiction Test, Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, Paranoia Scale, Korean-Schizotypal Ambivalence Scale, Lubben Social Network Scale, and Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised. Descriptive statistics, t-test, chi-square, spearman correlation, and stepwise multiple regression were applied to analyze the data. Results : Participants with childhood ADHD symptoms had high level of adult ADHD symptoms (p<.001), impulsiveness (p=.001), depression (p<.001), anxiety (p<.001), internet addiction (p<.001), paranoia tendency (p<.001) and low level of selfesteem (p<.001) compared to normal group. Self-directedness (p<.001) was lower, Harm avoidance (p=.001) and Self-transcendence (p=.029) were higher in the childhood ADHD group. In correlation and stepwise multiple regression, childhood ADHD symptoms were significantly associated with cooperativeness (r=-0.515 and ${\beta}$=-0.547, p<.001 respectively). Conclusion : This result showed that young adults with childhood ADHD symptoms had various forms of psychopathology and childhood ADHD symptoms were influenced by character such as cooperativeness. Therefore, more thorough evaluation regarding childhood ADHD symptoms is needed.
Keywords
ADHD Symptom; Adult; Psychopathology; Temperament; Character;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 2  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Cantwell DP. Attention deficit disorder: a review of the past 10 years. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1996;35:978-987.   DOI   ScienceOn
2 Spencer TJ, Biederman J, Mick E. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: diagnosis, lifespan, comorbidities, and neurobiology. J Pediatr Psychol 2007;32:631-642.   DOI   ScienceOn
3 Park S, Cho MJ, Chang SM, Jeon HJ, Cho SJ, Kim BS, et al. Prevalence, correlates, and comorbidities of adult ADHD symptoms in Korea: results of the Korean epidemiologic catchment area study. Psychiatry Res 2011;186:378-383.   DOI   ScienceOn
4 Bahn GH, Son SJ, Park YC, Cho AR, Park JK. Occupational & military issues of adult with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Kyung Hee Univ Med Cent 2006;22:112-116.
5 Goodman DW, Thase ME. Recognizing ADHD in adults with comorbid mood disorders: implications for identification and management. Postgrad Med 2009;121:20-30.   DOI   ScienceOn
6 McGough JJ, Smalley SL, McCracken JT, Yang M, Del’Homme M, Lynn DE, et al. Psychiatric comorbidity in adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: findings from multiplex families. Am J Psychiatry 2005;162:1621-1627.   DOI   ScienceOn
7 Yang J, Kim JH, Kim JW, Choi J, Hong HJ, Joung YS. Treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adults. J Korean Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2012;23 Suppl:S72-S89.
8 Koo YJ, Choi KS, Bang YW, Kim OS, Song HJ, Joo EJ. Factor structure of Wender Utah Rating Scale (Korean) in normal female adults. J Soc Korean Women Psychiatr 2009;7:63-67.
9 Kwon SM. Assessment of psychopathology in anxiety disorder. Korean J Psychopathol 1997;6:37-51.
10 Cloninger CR, Svrakic DM, Przybeck TR. A psychobiological model of temperament and character. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1993;50:975-990.   DOI   ScienceOn
11 Lee EK, Lee J. A study on two types of excessive internet use revealed in Iowa Gambling Task, Balloon Analogue Risk Task, and Psychological Rating Scales. J Korean Acad Addict Psychiatry 2012;16:54-61.
12 Kim E. The validation of Korean Adult ADHD scale. Korean J Clin Psychol 2003;22:897-911.
13 Sung HM, Kim JB, Park YN, Bai DS, Lee SH, Ahn HN. A study on the reliability and the validity of Korean version of the beck depression inventory-II (BDI-II). J Korean Soc Biol Ther Psychiatry 2008;14:201-212.
14 Young KS. Internet addiction: the emergence of a new clinical disorder. Cyberpsychol Behav 1998;3:237-244.
15 Heo SY, Oh JY, Kim JH. The Korean version of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, 11th version: Its reliability and validity. Kor J Psychol: Gen 2012;31:769-782.
16 Min B, Oh H, Lee J. Temperament a nd Character I nventory-Revised- Short. Seoul: Maumsarang;2007.
17 Won HT, Lee HJ. The self-concept and attributional style in paranoid group. Korean J Clin Psychol 1997;16:173-182.
18 Lee YJ, Seok JH, Jeon JH, An SK, Kim JJ, Lee HS. Development of Korean Version of Schizotypal Ambivalence Scale (K-SAS). J Korean Neuropsychiatr Assoc 2005;44:58-64.   과학기술학회마을
19 Lubben JE. Assessing social networks among elderly populations. Family & Community Health 1988;11:42-52.   DOI
20 Oncu B, Olmez S, Senturk V. [Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Wender Utah Rating Scale for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adults]. Turk Psikiyatri Derg 2005;16:252-259.
21 Campbell SB, Paulauskas S. Peer relations in hyperactive children. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 1979;20:233-246.   DOI
22 Barkley R, Murphy K, Fischer M. ADHD in Adults: What the science says. New York: Guilford Press;2008.
23 Faraone SV, Perlis RH, Doyle AE, Smoller JW, Goralnick JJ, Holmgren MA, et al. Molecular genetics of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Biol Psychiatry 2005;57:1313-1323.   DOI   ScienceOn
24 Tillman R, Geller B, Craney JL, Bolhofner K, Williams M, Zimerman B, et al. Temperament and character factors in a prepubertal and early adolescent bipolar disorder phenotype compared to attention deficit hyperactive and normal controls. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2003;13:531-543.   DOI   ScienceOn
25 Gaub M, Carlson CL. Gender differences in ADHD: a meta-analysis and critical review. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1997;36:1036-1045.   DOI   ScienceOn
26 Jang WS, Hong SD, Joung Y. Temperament and character patterns of patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. J Korean Neuropsychiatr Assoc 2006;45:77-82.   과학기술학회마을
27 Cloninger CR, Svrakic DM. Integrative psychobiological approach to psychiatric assessment and treatment. Psychiatry 1997;60:120-141.   DOI
28 Downey KK, Stelson FW, Pomerleau OF, Giordani B. Adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: psychological test profiles in a clinical population. J Nerv Ment Dis 1997;185:32-38.   DOI   ScienceOn
29 Barkley RA. Behavioral inhibition, sustained attention, and executive functions: constructing a unifying theory of ADHD. Psychol Bull 1997;121:65-94.   DOI   ScienceOn
30 On SG, Kim EJ. Social understanding and behavior in Children with ADHD. Korean J Clin Psychol 2003;22:793-813.
31 Yoo H, Kim JY, Jeon J, Park S, Hong JP, Kim SY, et al. Temperament and character factors according to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder subtype. Korean J Psychopathol 2005;14:21-27.
32 Mannuzza S, Klein RG, Klein DF, Bessler A, Shrout P. Accuracy of adult recall of childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Am J Psychiatry 2002;159:1882-1888.   DOI   ScienceOn
33 Mannuzza S, Klein RG, Bessler A, Malloy P, LaPadula M. Adult outcome of hyperactive boys. Educational achievement, occupational rank, and psychiatric status. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1993;50:565-576.   DOI   ScienceOn