• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.4 no.6
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• pp.445-453
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• 2000

The present investigation tested the hypothesis that the activation of protein kinase G (PKG) leads to a phosphorylation of $Ca^{2+}-activated$ potassium channel $(K_{Ca}\;channel)$ and is involved in the activation of $K_{Ca}$ channel activity in cerebral arterial smooth muscle cells of the rabbit. Single-channel currents were recorded in cell-attached and inside-out patch configurations of patch-clamp techniques. Both molsidomine derivative 3-morpholinosydnonimine-N-ethylcarbamide $(SIN-1,\;50\;{\mu}M)$ and 8-(4-Chlorophenylthio)-guanosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate $(8-pCPT-cGMP,\;100\;{\mu}M),$ a membrane-permeable analogue of cGMP, increased the $K_{Ca}$ channel activity in the cell-attached patch configuration, and the effect was removed upon washout of the drugs. In inside-out patches, single-channel current amplitude was not changed by SIN-1 and 8-pCPT-cGMP. Application of ATP $(100\;{\mu}M),$ cGMP $(100\;{\mu}M),$ ATP+cGMP $(100\;{\mu}M\;each),$ PKG $(5\;U/{\mu}l),$ ATP $(100\;{\mu}M)+PKG\;(5\;U/{\mu}l),$ or cGMP $(100\;{\mu}M)+PKG\;(5\;U/{\mu}l)$ did not increase the channel activity. ATP $(100\;{\mu}M)+cGMP\;(100\;{\mu}M)+PKG\;(5\;U/{\mu}l)$ added directly to the intracellular phase of inside-out patches increased the channel activity with no changes in the conductance. The heat-inactivated PKG had no effect on the channel activity, and the effect of PKG was inhibited by 8-(4-Chlorophenylthio)-guanosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate, Rp-isomer $(Rp-pCPT-cGMP,\;100\;{\mu}M),$ a potent inhibitor of PKG or protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A, 1 U/ml). In the presence of okadaic acid (OA, 5 nM), PP2A had no effect on the channel activity. The $K_{Ca}$ channel activity spontaneously decayed to the control level upon washout of ATP, cGMP and PKG, and this was prevented by OA (5 nM) in the medium. These results suggest that the PKG-mediated phosphorylations of $K_{Ca}$ channels, or some associated proteins in the membrane patch increase the activity of the $K_{Ca}$ channel, and the activation may be associated with the vasodilating action.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.183-194
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• 2018

This study investigated the characteristics of Omni Channel and examined the influence of them on consumers' perceived functional value and emotional value as well as the effect of perceived functional value and emotional value on user's intention of use through Omni Channel. To verify the research model, the questionnaire survey was conducted on 20's to 40's men and women residing in Seoul and the metropolitan area by convenience sampling. The number of copies used for data analysis was 696. To verify the research model, factor analysis, reliability analysis, and structural equation model analysis were performed using AMOS 20.0. First, Omni Channel characteristics consisted of four factors: instant connectivity, location-based provability, interactivity, and entertainment. Second, the instant connectivity, location-based provability and entertainment positively influenced functional value and emotional value; however, the interactivity was significant only to the emotional value. Third, consumers' perceived value of Omni Channel characteristics had a significant effect on attitude. Fourth, the more favorable the attitude toward Omni Channel is higher for the intention to use Omni Channel.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.60 no.2
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• pp.252-256
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• 2011

We analyze the channel capacity with considering the effect of the loading conditions of indoor PLC networks on channel state information. We consider various numbers of load for two kinds of the networks with regular length branches and a deployed network of indoor PLC. For calculating the channel capacity degradation, two noise scenarios and impedances are considered. From the simulation results, we suggest the robust regression lines for modeling the channel capacity degradation. In the cases of 0 $\Omega$ and $Z_0$ loads, natural log and linear function curve show the best goodness of fit, respectively. For the deployed indoor PLC network with 0 $\Omega$ loads, compared with the networks with regular length branches, the goodness of fit decreases by the amount of 0.12 and 0.15 for low noise and high noise scenarios, respectively. Using the regression lines, we can estimate the channel capacity degradation without measurement.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.241-256
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• 2015

Channel girder bridges that consist of a deck slab and two side beams are good choices for railway bridges and urban rail transit bridges when the vertical clearance beneath the bridge is restricted. In this study, the behavior of simply supported channel girder bridges was theoretical studied based on the theory of elasticity. The accuracy of the theoretical solutions was verified by the finite element analysis. The global bending of the channel girder and the local bending of the deck slab are two contributors to the deformations and stresses of the channel girder. Because of the shear lag effect, the maximum deflection due to the global bending could be amplified by 1.0 to 1.2 times, and the effective width of the deck slab for determining the global bending stresses can be as small as 0.7 of the actual width depending on the width-to-span ratio of the channel girder. The maximum deflection and transversal stress due to the local bending are obtained at the girder ends. For the channel girders with open section side beams, the side beam twist has a negligible effect on the deflections and stresses of the channel girder. Simplified equations were also developed for calculating the maximum deformations and stresses.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.41 no.8
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• pp.17-24
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• 2004

Quantum effects in the poly-gate are analyzed in two dimensions using the density-gradient method, and their impact on the short-channel effect of double-gate MOSFETs is investigated. The 2-D effects of quantum mechanical depletion at the gate to sidewall oxide is identified as the cause of large charge-dipole formation at the corner of the gate. The bias dependence of the charge dipole shows that the magnitude of the dipole peak-value increases in the subthreshold region and there is a large difference in carrier and potential distribution compared to the classical solution. Using evanescent-nude analysis, it is found that the quantum effect in the poly-gate substantially increases the short-channel effect and it is more significant than the quantum effect in the Si film. The penetration of potential contours into the poly-gate due to the dipole formation at the drain side of the gate corner is identified as the reason for the substantial increase in short-channel effects.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.1000-1005
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• 2008

The US government has designed new military standard vocoder algorithm, which is called MELP algorithm, to provide robust communication performance on poor channel environment. In this paper, we analyze transmission effect of security communication in MELP vocoder environment of HF channel. MELP vocoder develop properly application in environment of HF channel and influence of MELP vocoder and channel encoding apply to in envitonment of wireless burst and performance of plaintext communication and security communication study a matter from analysis of MOS and spectrum analysis.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.40 no.9
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• pp.638-643
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• 2003

Channel width dependence of hot-carrier effect in nMOSFET with shallow trench isolation is analyzed. $I_{sub}$- $V_{G}$ and $\Delta$ $I_{ㅇ}$ measurement data show that MOSFETs with narrow channel-width are more susceptible to the hot-carrier degradation than MOSFETs with wide channel-width. By analysing $I_{sub}$/ $I_{D}$, linear $I_{D}$- $V_{G}$ characteristics, thicker oxide-thickness at the STI edge is identified as the reason for the channel-width dependent hot-carrier degradation. Using the charge-pumping method, $N_{it}$ generation due to the drain avalanche hot-carrier (DAHC) and channel hot-electron (CHE) stress are compared. are compared.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.51-56
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• 2013

Even if transmissions through normal channel between ubiquitous devices and terminal readers are encrypted, any extra sources of information retrieved from encrypting module can be exploited to figure out the key parameters, so called side channel attack. Since side channel attacks are based on statistical methods, making side channel signal weak or complex is the proper solution to prevent the attack. Among many countermeasures, shielding the electromagnetic signal and adding noise to the EM signal were examined by applying different thicknesses of thin films of ferroelectric (BTO) and conductors (copper and gold). As a test vehicle, chip antenna was utilized to see the change in radiation characteristics: return loss and gain. As a result, the ferroelectric BTO showed no recognizable effect on both shielding and adding noise. Cu thin film showed increasing shielding effect with thickness. Nanometer Au exhibited possibility in adding noise by widening of bandwidth and red shifting of resonating frequencies.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2010.02a
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• pp.430-430
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• 2010

MICC 방법으로 제작된 TFT는 large grain과 그에 따른 grain boundary의 감소로 인하여여, 소자의 전기적 특성을 좋게 할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 bi-layer channel의 large grain size TFT를 제작하여 소자의 전기적 특성을 비교하였다. Channel의 width / length의 크기는 각 각의 경우 $7/5{\times}2$, $10/5{\times}2$, $15/5{\times}2$ (${\mu}m$)로 하였다. 소자의 성능 측정 결과 Field-effect mobility의 경우에는 channel width가 증가할 수록 감소하는 경향성을 나타내었으며, Threshold voltage의 경우에는 조금 감소하는 경향성은 있었으나 변화의 폭이 매우 작았다. Output characteristics 의 경우에는 모든 set에서 좋은 saturation 특성을 보였다. 이것은 current croding이 없었다는 것을 의미하는데, 큰 grain size로 인한 효과로 해석 할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 bi-layer channel에서 corner effect에 중점을 두어 소자의 전기적 특성 변화에 대하여 논하였다.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.83-95
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• 2007

We are motivated by how offline and online firms compete. The Internet made many conventional offline firms build a dynamic online business as another sales channel using their advantages such as brand equity, an existing customer base with comprehensive purchasing data, integrated marketing, economies of scale, and longtime experience with the logistics of order fulfillment and customer service. Even though the hybrid selling using both offline and online channel seems to have advantages over a pure online retailer, all the conventional offline firms are not seen to create an online business. Many conventional offline firms began to launch online business since the Internet era, however, just being online business is not likely to guarantee success. According to Bizate.com's report whether the hybrid channel strategy is successful is still under investigation. For example, consider the classic case of Barnes and Noble versus Amazon.com, Barnes and Noble was already the largest chain of bookstores in the U,S., when Amazon.com was established in 1995, BarnesandNoble.com followed suit in 1997, After suffering losses in its initial years, Amazon finally turned profitable in 2003. In 2004, Amazon's net income was $588 million on revenues of $6.92 billion, while Barnes and Noble earned $143 million on revenues of $4.87 billion, which included BarnesandNoble.com's loss of $21 million on revenues of $420 million. While these examples serve to motivate our thinking, it does not explain when offline firms should venture online. It also does not provide an analytical framework that can generalized to other competitive online-offline situations. We attempt to do this in this paper and analyze a hybrid channel model where a conventional offline firm competes against online firms using its own direct online channels. We are particularly interested in an optimal channel strategy when a conventional offline firm sells its products through its own direct online channel to compete with other rival online firms. We consider two situations where its direct online channel and other online firms are symmetric and asymmetric in the brand effect. The analysis of this paper presents several findings. In the symmetric model where a hybrid firm's online channel is not differentiated from a pure online firm, (i) a conventional offline firm will not launch its online business. In the asymmetric model where a hybrid firm's online channel is differentiated from a pure online firm, (ii) a conventional offline firm can launch its online business if its brand effect is greater than a certain threshold. (iii) there is a positive relationship between its brand effect and online customer costs showing that a conventional offline firm needs more brand effect in order to launch online business as online customer costs decrease. (iv) there is a negative relationship between its brand effect and the number of customers with access to the Internet showing that a conventional offline firm tends to launch its online business when customers with access to the Internet increases.