• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.147-154
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• 2017

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Assessing changes in energy intake and dietary sources is important to understand trends in the prevalence of obesity. Thus, we examined trends in energy intake and its nutrient and food sources in Korean adults from 1998 through 2015. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This study included 70,769 subjects aged ${\geq}19$ years who completed a nutrition survey. Subject data were obtained from the 1998, 2001, 2005, 2007-2009, 2010-2012, and 2013-2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Dietary intake was assessed by a 1-day 24-hour recall method. RESULTS: In men, the daily energy intake significantly increased from 2,196 kcal in 1998 to 2,489 kcal in 2013-2015 (P for trend < 0.0001). However, the daily energy intake among women did not change significantly over the same period (P for trend = 0.5772). The percentages of energy intake from animal foods (e.g., meat and milk) and beverages increased during the study period in both men and women. However, the percentage of energy intake from plant foods decreased due to a marked decrease in the intake of white rice. Changes in food sources of energy intake led to changes in the nutrient sources of energy intake; for example, the increase of energy intake from fat and decrease of energy intake from carbohydrate. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that since 1998, energy intake has increased among Korean adult men, but not among women. However, the composition of food and nutrient sources of energy intake has changed in both men and women. Energy intake and its nutrient and food sources should continue to be monitored regularly in the Korean adult population.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.313-319
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• 1984

몰핀의 투여량, 몰핀을 주사하는 시간, 쥐의 나이에 따라서 몰핀이 food intake에 미치는 효과 유무를 Sprague-Dawley 쥐를 이용해 조사하였다. 또한 $^{3}H-naloxone$을 이용한 opiate receptor binding assay에 의해서 정상상태에서 몰핀이나 식염수를 주사한 쥐의 뇌에서 opiate receptor binding의 변화를 조사하여 아래와 같은 결과를 얻었다. Food intake에 미치는 몰핀의 효과는 2시간에 유의차를 나타냈으며 몰핀 투여량이 증가할수록 효과는 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 또 어릴수록 효과가 많이 나타났으며 female이 male보다 효과가 컸으나 지속적이지 못했다. 몰핀을 주사하는 시간을 달리하는 실험에서 male 이나 female 모두 10:00에 주사한 경우에 몰핀 효과가 16 : 00에 주사한 경우보다 크게 나타났다. Opiate receptor binding assay 결과, 몰핀을 주사한 쥐에서 $^{3}H$ naloxone binding 이 유의있게 감소했으며 오전에 몰핀을 주사한 쥐에서 naloxone binding 이 더 많이 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 실험에서, 몰핀이 food intake 에 미치는 효과는 몰핀의 opiate receptor binding을 통해서 작용한 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.146-154
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate the vegetable eating behaviors and preferences of elementary school students by stage of change for vegetable intake. The subjects consisted of 191 fourth and fifth grade elementary school students from Gyeonggi province. The stage of change for vegetable intake was categorized into three groups: precontemplation (PC, 18.4%), preparation (P, 43.5%), and action/maintenance (A&M, 48.2%). The trend to eat a variety of foods was more distinctive as the students went from the PC to the A&M stage. The stage of change for vegetable intake was closely related with the kimchi-eating pattern of the students. The A&M group ate more vegetables than the PC group because they liked vegetables and/or wanted to prevent disease. The PC group had a lower tendency to follow recommendations for vegetable eating than the P and A&M groups. The PC group also had an incorrect notion that low vegetable consumption over an extended time would not have a big impact on their health. The vegetables of high preference for the elementary school students were potato, sweet potato, lettuce, radish, perilla leaf, cucumber, and cabbage. The vegetables of low preference were spinach, onion, balloon flower, and green pepper. The PC group had lower preferences for most vegetables than the P and A&M groups. Therefore, careful nutrition education is necessary especially for students in the PC group in order to explain the positive effects of vegetable intake and negative effects of an unbalanced diet. It is also necessary to survey students' tastes consistently and to develop recipes that encourage them to consume more vegetables agreeably.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.415-419
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• 1995

Ornithine decarboxylase(ODC) catalyzes the first and key step in the polyamine biosynthetic pathway. Ornithine decarboxylase is known to the enzyme that increase substantially its activity in regenerating liver. We found that activity and mRNA level for ODC increase significantly after partial hepatectomy in the rat. After laparotomy, there was significant decrease in activity ; however, mRNA content was unaltered in contrast to previous reports of no change in ornithine decarboxylase and thymidine kinase after sham hepatectomy. This may be mediated by the decrease in food intake after hepatectomy. Therefore it is necessary to examine the effect of food intake after hepatectomy on the ODC activity and mRNA level in the future.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.540-548
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• 1997

According to the data published in 1990s on the intake of dietary fiber(DF) of Korean, DF intake of Korean has been gradually decreasing in the last two decades. Mean daily intake of DF in 1990s is estimated to be in the rage of 17-20g per capita and over seventy five percent of the subjects examined appeared to consume DF less than 20g per day. The major food sources of Df in Korean diet include cereals, vegetables, fruits, seaweeds and seasonings. The present level of DF intake of Korean is lower than the tentatively recommended minimum intake of DF. It is predicted that, if the present trend of change on food consumption pattern is maintained, the gradual increases in the incidence of chronic degenerative diseases will be continuing. Therefore, the beneficial effects of DF on health care and disease control should be emphasized through the nutritional education and high level consumption of DF needs to be strongly recommended in the dietary guideline. In order to raise the daily consumption of DF, more whole grain cereals need to be used as a part of staple and more frequent intake of legumes and seaweeds is required as well as the development of high-fiber diet recipes and natural high-fiber products.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.259-269
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• 2021

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the changes in the eating habits and lifestyle of middle-aged women in Gwangju during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A total of 428 middle-aged women aged between 40 and 60 participated in a survey relating to general information, food and lifestyle, health functional food, and menopausal symptoms. The correlation between the variables was analyzed. Results: In the positive habits, the intake of nutritional supplements for immunity enhancement increased the most, followed by the use of media to learn healthy eating tips, and diets including healthy food. Negative habits increased in the order of frequency of taking delivery orders, levels of stress or anxiety, and time spent sitting or watching movies. In the case of recommended foods, the intake increased the most in the order of eggs, fruits, vegetables, milk/dairy products, and seaweed. Non-recommended foods increased in the order of meat, bread, rice, and noodles. The awareness of health functional foods was in the increasing order of interest, knowledge, consumption experience, and purchase amount. The type of health functional food intake was in the increasing order of probiotics, multivitamin and mineral supplements, vitamin C, collagen, and omega-3. Menopausal symptoms were in the increasing order of bone and joint pain, poor sleep quality, emotional ups and downs, loneliness, and feeling of emptiness. In the correlation of major variables, positive habits showed a significant positive correlation with recommended food intake and the recognition of health functional foods. Negative habits showed a significant positive correlation with non-recommended food intake and a significant positive correlation with menopausal symptoms. Recommended food intake showed a significant positive correlation with health functional food recognition and intake and menopausal symptoms. Conclusions: This study suggests that it is necessary to establish social measures to reduce the negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on middle-aged women and to ensure effective self-management through a healthy lifestyle since the pandemic has a long-term impact.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.481-485
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• 1990

This study is designed to forecast the characteristics in food consumption patterns under per capita GNP growth. Ordinary least square(OLS)method was employed as analyzing technique. Equation was $Y=a_0+a_1X$, in which X was per capita GNP and Y were Engel coefficient, food supply, energy supply, nutrient intake and ratio of self-supply of food. The result obtained indicates that the intake of nutrient such as protein and fat will be increased, and wheat, corn and legume are expected to be imported wholly due to lower ratio of self-supply, and rice will be over-supplied continually. Therefore, the relevant policy of government must be established in the field of supply and demand of food, and the research of sound national health should be done.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2006

Objectives: To find out the effects GGT1, an antiobestic drug widely used clinics, has on the amount of feed intake, the amount of change in the body weight and the food efficiency ratio using the data from the hGHTg obese male rats. Also, to evaluate in terms of antiobestic effects, the difference between GGT1 and reductil (sibutramine), which has been approved by the FDA of the United States. Methods: We measured the change in body weight and the amount of feed intake for 8 weeks by categorizing the hGHTg obese male rats into three groups: the control group, the GGT1 group, and the reductil (RD) group. We also evaluated the antiobestic effect by calculating the food efficiency ratio, which is the increase of bodyweight divided by the amount of feed intake. Results: In case of body weight, moderate slope of the curve in the graph of GGT1 group could mean that the weight is decreasing as time flows. In case of food efficiency ratio, the p-value was 0.745 in a test for determining if an interaction exists between the group and the point of measurement, meaning that it does not exist; also, the p-value in a test for the effect of level of repetition in food efficiency ratio according to the point of measurement equaled 0.002. Conclusion: The drug-treated groups had a greater inhibitory effect in feed intake than the control group. The results showed the food efficiency ratio had a tendency to decrease. The GGT1 group in particular was under a greater effect than the RD group.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.861-870
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• 2008

This study was conducted to evaluate the health status, life style, dietary habits and nutritional status of 44 industry workers that were routinely exposed to unclean environments while consuming 3 major pork dishes 2 times a week for 6 weeks. The health status, life style and dietary habits of the workers were investigated by a survey questionnaire, and the nutritional status was evaluated using the 24-hour recall method. Overall, the subjects reported that their health status was fairly good throughout the year, but that they felt dizziness and fatigue often. In general, the subjects did not exercise regularly and drank alcohol very often. The average daily energy intake increased from 1,708.3 kcal to 1,859.5 kcal without a change in the BMI or WHR when the respondents were fed pork dishes. However, the mineral intake did not differ significantly in response to the consumption of pork, although the Zn intake tended to increase. Moreover, the vitamin $B_1$, niacin, and E intakes increased after consuming pork(p<0.05), while the cholesterol intake decreased from 425.2 mg to 356.7 mg after eating pork(p<0.05). Additionally, both the fat intake and the PUFA intake increased after the consumption of pork with the intake of oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids increasing significantly(p<0.001). Finally, the intake of essential amino acids also increased significantly in response to the consumption of pork(p<0.01). Based on the results, regular consumption of pork dishes improved the nutritional status of industry workers without any adverse effect in terms of the intake of relative fat and cholesterol.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.174-183
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• 2008

제3기 (2005년) 국민건강영양조사 자료를 이용하여 분석한 결과 연구 대상자의 과반수에서 식품확보가 불안정하였으며, 식품안정성은 식사섭취와 관련이 있어 식품확보가 불안정한 군에서 영양소 섭취량이 낮고 섭취 식품의 다양성이 적었다. 본 연구는 우리 국민의 식품안정성과 식사섭취의 관련성에 대한 거의 초기 연구로 식품확보에 대한 안정성의 문제 크기를 파악하고 식품확보 여부에 따른 식사섭취의 양적${\cdot}$질적 측면을 다루었다. 이와 함께 식생활은 건강과 밀접한 관련이 있으므로 식품안정성과 건강 및 질병에 관한 후속 연구가 필요하며, 이러한 연구 결과에 근거하여 향후에는 저소득층의 안정적인 식품확보를 지원하는 정책을 마련하고 시행중인 정책의 효과 평가와 개선 방안을 모색할 필요가 있겠다.