• 한국의류학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.750-756
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• 1997

The purpose of the study was to investigate a transmittance rate of UVB (Ultraviolet B) through summer fabrics and a protection rate of summer fabric from UVB. The subjects were randomly selected 159 fabrics from Korean common summer fabrics. The protection rates of 159 fabrics from UVB were measured by UVB lamp and UVB sensor, and 14 fabrics among these fabrics were selected for an assay of MTT(3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) -2, 5 -diphenyltetrazolium). The protection rate of fabrics from cell toxicity of UVB was measured by investigating the difference of the amount of cell toxic substance on between fabrics covered with and without HeLa cell The average protection rate of 159 fabrics from UVB was 95.08%. As result findings, three negative correlations were found between: 1) the transmittance rate of UVB and the amount of MTT on fabrics (y=0.0373+0.O0518 x, r=-0.9323, p<0.001); 2) the air permeability of fabrics and the amount of MTT (r: -0.79, p< 0.01); 3) the air permeability of fabrics and the protection rate of fabrics from UVB (r=0.89, p<0.01). However, there was no effect of thickness of fabrics on the protection rate from UVB and the amount of MTT.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제52권5호
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• pp.463-474
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• 2002

배 경 : 전체 폐암의 75%를 차지하고 있는 비소세포폐암의 항암요법은 Cisplatin을 근간으로 하여 최근 여러 가지 새로운 항암제들이 개발되어 사용하고 있다. Cisplatin의 충분한 항암효과를 기대할 수 있는 용량을 결정하는데 중요한 것이 용량 제한성 (dose-limiting) 부작용으로, 결국 악성종양세포와 정상세포를 구분할 수 없어 발생하게 되며 이는 한번의 고용량(single high dose) 및 축적되는 용량(cumulative dose) 모두에서 생길 수 있어 최근 화학적 보호제제들을 사용 하여 이러한 cisplatinn의 용량 제한성 부작용들을 최소화시키면서 고용량의 cisplatin을 시도해 항암효과를 강화시키려는 연구가 많이 시행되고 있다. 방 법 : 비소세포폐암세포주(폐선암과 폐편평상피암)와 정상 폐포상피세포주에서 각각 단계적으로 cisplatin용량을 고용량으로 증량시키면서 세포독성효과를 먼저 비교 하고 다시 glutathione을 함께 투여하였을 때 glutathione이 고용량 cisplatin의 세포독성에 미치는 효과를 각 세포주들에서 비교하였다(SPSS 10.0 ANOVA test p<0.05) 결 과 : 폐선암세포주는 결과의 차이가 심해 비교하기가 힘드나 나타난 결과로 볼 때 glutathione의 투여는 cisplatin의 항암효과를 상쇄시켜 임상에서 투여하는데는 문제가 있을 것으로 생각된다. 폐편평상피암세포 주와 정상폐상피세포주 두가지를 같은 cisplatin 농도와 glutathione 농도에서 비교하였는데 Cisplatin 농도는 0, 30, 60, 125 ${\mu}g$/ml의 4 단계의 농도에서 비교 하였고 결과는 편평상피폐암세포주에서는 glutathione 농도 100 ${\mu}g$/ml 에서 76.6-81.5%, 250 ${\mu}g$/ml에서 80.5-93.2% 정도로 생존율을 나타내고 정상폐상피세포주에서 glutathione농도 100, 250 ${\mu}g$/ml 모두에서 91.5-100%까지 90%이상의 생존율을 유지하였다. (ANOVA test p<0.05) 결 론 : glutathione은 정상폐상피세포주에서 고농도 cisplatin에 의한 세포독성에 대한 보호효과가 크다.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2000년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.117-120
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• 2000

본 연구는 4가지 종류의 재조합 발광성 미생물을 이용하여 내분비계 장애물질로 알려진 여러 가지 물질에 대한 cellular toxicity를 유전자 손상, 단백질 손상, 산화적 손상, 생물막 손상으로 구별하여 확인하였다. 4가지 발광성 미생물의 반응성에 따라 내분비계 장애물질의 독성 형태를 규명할 수 있었고, 생명체에 미치는 독성 정도를 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 유전자 손상을 탐지할 수 있는 DPD2794의 경우 유전자 손상을 일으키는 형태에 따라 두 그룹으로 보다 세분화가 가능하였다. 따라서 본 연구결과를 바탕으로 내분비계 장애물질이 호르몬 교란으로 인한 피해뿐만 아니라 cellular toxicity로 인한 피해 역시 입힐 수 있는 것으로 확인하였고, 이들 발광성 박테리아를 이용하여 그 독성 형태를 정확하게 파악할 수 없었던, 유해 물질들의 분류를 위한 screening method로의 개발 역시 가능할 것이다.

• ALGAE
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.131-137
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• 2017

Although green algae of the genus Closterium are considered ideal models for testing toxicity in aquatic ecosystems, little data about the effects of toxicity on these algal species is currently available. Here, Closterium ehrenbergii was used to assess the acute toxicity of copper (Cu). The median effective concentration ($EC_{50}$) of copper sulfate based on a dose response curve was $0.202mg\;L^{-1}$, and reductions in photosynthetic efficiency ($F_v/F_m$ ratio) of cells were observed in cultures exposed to Cu for 6 h, with efficiency significantly reduced after 48 h (p < 0.01). In addition, production of reactive oxygen species significantly increased over time (p < 0.01), leading to damage to intracellular organelles. Our results indicate that Cu induces oxidative stress in cellular metabolic processes and causes severe physiological damage within C. ehrenbergii cells, and even cell death; moreover, they clearly suggest that C. ehrenbergii represents a potentially powerful test model for use in aquatic toxicity assessments.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.791-794
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• 2008

Bleomycin에 의한 폐독성은 잘 알려져 있으나, Bleomycin 유도 폐독성 후에 기흉 없이 발생한 자연성 종격동 기종은 드문 것으로 알려져 있다. 따라서, Bleomycin 항암 치료를 받은 환자에서 호흡 곤란의 악화 원인으로 자연성 종격동 기종도 고려해야 할 필요가 있다. 저자들은 생식 세포종으로 Bleomycin 항암치료를 받은 후 심한 호흡곤란을 호소하는 두 명의 환자에서 기흉이 없는 자연성 종격동 기종을 진단하고 치료 하였기에 보고하는 바이다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.393-400
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• 1997

The effects of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and catalase on the toxicity of paraquat(PQ) were studied using diethyldithiocarbamate(DDC), 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole(AT) which are inhibitors of Cu, Zn-SOD and catalase in rats. Sprague Dawley rats were divide into 6 groups: control, DDC, PQ, AT, DDC+PQ, and AT+PQ group. The PQ (50 mg/kg body weight(BW); about half dose of $LD_{50}$) was administered with orally, otherwise AT(1.0g/kg BW) and DDC(1.0g/kg BW) were administered by intrperitoneal(iP) injection. The survival rate of rats in PQ+AT group was significantly decreased compared with PQ group while the difference of survival rate between DDC group and DDC+PQ group was not significant. The SOD activity after administration of DDC was decreased in liver, lung and kidney, but catalase activity was not changed. The catalase activity in liver, lung and kidney of AT treated rats was decreased, while SOD activity was not changed in this group. The effects of DDC and AT to the PQ toxicity was also observed in primary cultured rat Skin fibroblasts. The viable cells that was measured with MTT method, was decreased in AT+PQ treated group compared to PQ treated group, but the difference of cell viability between DDC treat group and DDC+PQ treated group was not observed. This result, AT potentlate PQ toxicity while DDC were not affect, suggested that the decreased catalase activity lead to elevation of hydrogen peroxide levels and PQ toxicity may be correlate with the hydrogen peroxide rather than the superoxides.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.221-227
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• 2013

Embryonic stem (ES) cells have potential for use in evaluation of developmental toxicity because they are generated in large numbers and differentiate into three germ layers following formation of embryoid bodies (EBs). In earlier study, embryonic stem cell test (EST) was established for assessment of the embryotoxic potential of compounds. Using EBs indicating the onset of differentiation of mouse ES cells, many toxicologists have refined the developmental toxicity of a variety of compounds. However, due to some limitation of the EST method resulting from species-specific differences between humans and mouse, it is an incomplete approach. In this regard, we examined the effects of several developmental toxic chemicals on formation of EBs using human ES cells. Although human ES cells are fastidious in culture and differentiation, we concluded that the relevancy of our experimental method is more accurate than that of EST using mouse ES cells. These types of studies could extend our understanding of how human ES cells could be used for monitoring developmental toxicity and its relevance in relation to its differentiation progress. In addition, this concept will be used as a model system for screening for developmental toxicity of various chemicals. This article might update new information about the usage of embryonic stem cells in the context of their possible ability in the toxicological fields.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.111-116
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• 2013

Chrysanthemum indicum is widely used to treat immune-related and infectious disorders in East Asia. C. indicum flower oil contains 1,8-cineole, germacrene D, camphor, ${\alpha}$-cadinol, camphene, pinocarvone, ${\beta}$-caryophyllene, 3-cyclohexen- 1-ol, and ${\gamma}$-curcumene. We evaluated the safety of C. indicum flower oil by conducting acute oral toxicity, bone marrow micronucleus, and bacterial reverse mutation tests. Mortality, clinical signs and gross findings of mice were measured for 15 days after the oral single gavage administration of C. indicum flower oil. There were no mortality and clinical signs of toxicity at 2,000 mg/kg body weight/day of C. indicum flower oil throughout the 15 day period. Micronucleated erythrocyte cell counts for all treated groups were not significantly different between test and control groups. Levels of 15.63~500 ${\mu}g$ C. indicum flower oil/plate did not induce mutagenicity in S. Typhimurium and E. coli, with or without the introduction of a metabolic activation system. These results indicate that ingesting C. indicum flower oil produces no acute oral toxicity, bone marrow micronucleus, and bacterial reverse mutation.

• 한국동물생명공학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.17-24
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• 2021

In this study, the potential toxicity of isoprocarb was demonstrated using zebrafish embryos. We treated isoprocarb (0, 29, and 58 mg/L) to the zebrafish embryos for 72 h then, we estimated morphological changes and apoptotic cell numbers. The increasing extent of apoptosis from the anterior to posterior region of developing zebrafish larvae was correlated with toxicity in the overall development process, including growth and normal organ formation. The appearance of abnormalities in the isoprocarb-treated groups in comparison to normal developing zebrafish larvae was verified using quantitative image analysis based on ImageJ software program. The vascular system comprising a complex interconnection of blood vessels was visualized in vessel-fluorescent transgenic zebrafish (fli1:eGFP). The main vasculature was malformed on isoprocarb treatment, and this was also related to cardiac defects. Taken together, normal embryonic development in zebrafish was interrupted owing to the acute toxicity of isoprocarb.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.59-69
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• 2002

Recently, recombinant human erythropoietin (rHu-EPO) has been used to treat various types of anemia. YHB216 is a new rHu-EPO developed by Yuhan Research Institute. In this study, we investigated the single dose and 4-week repeated dose toxicity of YHB216 in Beagle dogs. In the single dose toxicity study, YHB216 was administered intravenously at single dose levels of 0 and 25,000 IU/kg to dogs (2 dogs/sex/group). There were no treament-related changes in survivals, clinical signs, body weight gain, hematological values, blood chemical values, and necropsy finding during experimental period. In the repeated dose toxicity study, YHB216 was administered intravenously to dogs for 4 weeks at the dose levels of 0, 100, 500, and 2,500IU／kg (3 dogs/sex／group). There were no toxicologically significant changes in clinical signs, body weights, food and water consumptions, ophthalmoscopy, urinalysis and blood chemistry. There were increased values of red blood cell, hemoglobin, and hematocrit at all treated groups. Spleen revealed increased weight and extramedullary hematopoiesis at 500 IU/kg or more. These changes are all considered to be Pharmacology-related effects and were recovered after 4-week recovery period. From these results, it is concluded that LD50 value was above 25,000 IU/kg in the single dose toxicity study of YHB216 in dogs and the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) was 100 IU/kg day in the repeated dose toxicity study of YHB216 in dogs.