• Title/Summary/Keyword: cell control

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Power Control Based Call Admission Control Method of the CDMA PCS System

  • 이강원;국광호;최정락
    • Korean Management Science Review
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    • v.16 no.1
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    • pp.39-50
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    • 1999
  • This paper proposes a new call admission control method to enhance the reverse link capacity of a cell with heavy traffic in the CDMA PCS system under the uneven traffic load between cells. Since the capacity of a cell in the CDMA system is restricted by the total interference caused by terminals in the own cell and the adjacent cells, we can enhance the capacity of a cell by reducing the interference from other cells if possible. Our power control method allows that the signal powers received in base stations with heavy traffic be larger than those received in base stations with light traffic in order to make the interference due to other cells in the cells with heavy traffic relatively small. In the previous study, it was assumed that the signal power received by each base station in the CDMA PCS system is same when the call admission control algorithm is implemented. We could show that the reverse link capacity of a cell in the CDMA PCS system can be increased about 20% under our call admission control method.

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Beamforming Strategy Using Adaptive Beam Patterns and Power Control for Common Control Channel in Hierarchical Cell Structure Networks

  • You, Cheol-Woo;Jung, Young-Ho;Cho, Sung-Hyun
    • Journal of Communications and Networks
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    • v.13 no.4
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    • pp.319-326
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    • 2011
  • Beamforming techniques have been successfully utilized for traffic channels in order to solve the interference problem. However, their use for control channels has not been sufficiently investigated. In this paper, a (semi-) centralized beamforming strategy that adaptively changes beam patterns and controls the total transmit power of cells is proposed for the performance enhancement of the common channel in hierarchical cell structure (HCS) networks. In addition, some examples of its practical implementation with low complexity are presented for two-tier HCS networks consisting of macro and pico cells. The performance of the proposed scheme has been evaluated through multi-cell system-level simulations under optimistic and pessimistic interference scenarios. The cumulative distribution function of user geometry or channel quality has been used as a performance metric since in the case of common control channel the number of outage users is more important than the sum rate. Simulation results confirm that the proposed scheme provides a significant gain compared to the random beamforming scheme as well as conventional systems that do not use the proposed algorithm. Finally, the proposed scheme can be applied simultaneously to several adjacent macro and pico cells even if it is designed primarily for the pico cell within macro cells.

Energy Management Technology Development for an Independent Fuel Cell-Battery Hybrid System Using for a Household (가정용 독립 연료전지-배터리 하이브리드 에너지 관리 기술 개발)

  • YANG, SEUGRAN;KIM, JUNGSUK;CHOI, MIHWA;KIM, YOUNG-BAE
    • Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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    • v.30 no.2
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    • pp.155-162
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    • 2019
  • The energy management technology for an independent fuel cell-battery hybrid system is developed for a household usage. To develop an efficient energy management technology, a simulation model is first developed. After the model is verified with experimental results, three energy management schemes are developed. Three control techniques are a fuzzy logic control (FLC), a state machine control (SMC), and a hybrid method of FLC and SMC. As the fuel cell-battery hybrid system is used for a house, battery state of charge (SOC) regulation is the most important factor for an energy management because SOC should be kept constant every day for continuous usage. Three management schemes are compared to see SOC, power split, and fuel cell power variations effects. Experimental results are also presented and the most favorable strategy is the state machine combined fuzzy control method.

Study on the Anti-cancer, Anti-metastasis and Immune response improvement Effects of Aqua-acupuncture with Rubi Fructus infusion solution (항암(抗癌) 및 면역효과(免疫效果)에 복분자약침(覆盆子藥鍼)이 미치는 영향(影響))

  • Lee, Seon-Hee;Lee, Byung-Ryul
    • Journal of Acupuncture Research
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    • v.17 no.1
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    • pp.189-219
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    • 2000
  • To study the effects of anti-cancer, anti-metastasis and immune response improvement effects of aqua-acupuncture with Rubi Fructus infusion solution, we used Rubi Fructus infusion solution(taken by water-alcohol method) put into Chung-wan (CV12) and Chok-Samni(ST36) of BALB/c or C57BL/6 which are corresponding to humanbody. We observed the cytotoxicity, the effect on the expression of MMP-9 gene, the ability to control cancer cell proliferation, change of body weight, surviving number, median surviving time, increase of life span, changes in amount of leukocyte, erythrocyte, platelet, total protein, creatinine, glucose and LDH, weight of spleen, number of pulmonary colony, histological analysis on tissue metastasis of lung and liver, splenic cell proliferation, the expression of cytokine gene, the number of $CD4^+$, $CD8^+$, $CD19^+$ and NK cell, and concluded like this. The results were obtained as follows : 1. Effects of Anti-cancer 1) The cytotoxicity about B16-F10 cell line of $2^0$, $2^{-1}$, $2^{-2}$, $2^{-3}$, $2^{-5}$, $2^{-6}$, $2^{-7}$, $2^{-8}$ diluent groups in Rubi Fructus infusion solution treatment was inhibited significantly, compared with control group. 2) The cytotoxicity about HT1080 cell line of $2^0{\sim}2^{-8}$ diluent groups in Rubi Fructus infusion solution treatment was inhibited significantly, compared with control group. 3) The effect on expression of MMP-9 gene was inhibited significantly in all the sample groups, compared with control group. 4) The effect on the control-ability on the cancer cell proliferation showed cytotoxicity significantly in $2^0$, $2^{-1}$, $2^{-2}$, $2^{-3}$, $2^{-4}$, $2^{-5}$, $2^{-6}$, $2^{-7}$, diluent groups. 2. Effects of Anti-metastasis 1) S-180 cancer cell line transplants in BALB/c mice were inhibited significantly in weight increase in all the sample groups, compared with control group. The surviving number increased in almost sample groups, except one group put into Chok-Samni(ST36) with 20% Rubi Fructus infusion solution treatment group that showed same number of the control group. 2) S-180 cancer cell line transplants in BALB/c mice showed high MST significantly in almost sample groups, compared with control group. But one group put into Chok-Samni(ST36) with 20% Rubi Fructus infusion solution showed low MST than control group. 3) The group injected in vein with B16-F10 cancer cell line in C57BL/6 mice showed increased ILS than control group significantly in anti-metastasis test. 3. Effects of Immune response improvement 1) The group injected in vein with B16-F10 cancer cell line in C57BL/6 mice were increased significantly in the number of leukocyte and glucose, and decreased significantly in the amount of platelet and LDH, compared with control group. However, there's no significant increase or decrease in number of erythrocyte, total protein and creatinine. 2) We couldn't find any significant relation in spleen weight of the sample group. 3) In pulmonary colony, sample group was decreased significantly, compared with control group. 4) Histological analysis of sample group inhivited compared with that of control group in both of lung and liver. 5) In immune system, all the sample groups showed having more relevancy to the effect on splenic cell proliferation than normal group. 6) Cytokine gene increased in almost sample groups, except one group treated with $50{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ Rubi Fructus infusion solution on IL-12. 7) In flow cytometry there's no significant relation in number of $CD8^+$ cell, however, the number of $CD4^+$, $CD19^+$ cell and NK cell in sample group had more relation than in control group. Above the results showed that aqua-acupuncture of Rubi Fructus solution has effects of anti-cancer, and-metastasis and immune response improvement.

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The Effects of Anti-Histamine and Mast Cell Stabilizer against Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury to TRAM Flap in Rat (백서 복직근피판의 허혈-재관류 손상에 대한 히스타민 차단제의 효과)

  • Yoon Sang;Kyu Yoon;Yun Jeong
    • Archives of Plastic Surgery
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    • v.33 no.6
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    • pp.742-747
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    • 2006
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of mast cell and histamine as typical product of mast cell in ischemia-reperfusion injury of muscle flap using H2 receptor blocker and mast cell stabilizer. Methods: Thirty-five Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 250-300 gm were divided into four groups; Group I: Control group without ischemia, Group II: Normal saline injection group with ischemia, Group III: Cimetidine injection group with ischemia, Group IV: Sodium cromoglycate injection group with ischemia. Well established single pedicled transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous(TRAM) flap was designed in all rats and were rendered ischemia by clamping the artery for 150 minutes. All injections were applied intramuscular around gluteal area 30 minutes before reperfusion. The flap survival was evaluated at 7 days after operation. Neutrophil counts and mast cell counts were evaluated 24 hours after reperfusion. Results: The difference of skin flap survival between control group and cimetidine injection group was not significant. In the normal saline injection group flap survival was markedly decreased compared to that of control group. The muscle flap survival was similar to the results of skin flap survival. The neutrophil counts were significantly decreased in control group and sodium cromoglycate injection group than normal saline injection group. The mast cell counts were significantly decreased in cimetidine injection group and control group than both normal saline injection and sodium cromoglycate injection groups. The protective effect of sodium cromoglycate was not seen in the skin flap, but the muscle flaps showed protective effects of sodium cromoglycate compared to normal saline injection group. Conclusions: It is suggests that commonly used antihistamine(H2 receptor blocker) has protective effect against ischemia-reperfusion injury to skin and muscle flaps by reducing neutrophil and mast cell. The mast cell stabilizer was not effective for skin flap but, possibly, for muscle flap.

Anti-Oxidative Effect of Seungyangikki-tang Decoction in Spleen, Pancreas and Stomach Cells of SD Rats (승양익기탕(升陽益氣湯) 전탕액이 노화쥐의 비장, 췌장, 위장 세포의 항산화능에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Joo-Yong;Ahn, Taek-Won
    • Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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    • v.22 no.2
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    • pp.82-92
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    • 2010
  • 1. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the anti-aging and anti-oxidative effects of Seungyangikki-tang decoction(SY) in spleen, pancreas and stomach cells of Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats. 2. Methods: This experiment was used by the tissue of spleen, pancreas and stomach cells of 6, 52 and 68 weeks old SD rats. We devided each group by three. One group as normal group was non-treated cells, another group as control group was saline-treated cells, and the other group as experimental group was SY treated cells. After culture for 48 hours, each groups measured the level of SOD, GSH, MDA and NO in the tissue of kidney, bladder and spleen cells. 3. Results and Conclusions: SOD activity was significantly increased in spleen cell of 6, 68w-SY group, pancreas cell of 52,68w-SY group and in stomach cell of 52w-SY group compared with those of the control groups. GSH concentration was significantly increased in spleen cell of 6,68w-SY group and in pancreas cell of 6w-SY group compared with those of the control groups. MDA concentration was significantly decreased in spleen cell of 68w-SY group and in stomach cell of 68w-SY group compared with those of the control groups. NO concentration was significantly decreased in spleen cell of 68w-SY group, stomach cell of 68w-SY group compared with those of the control groups.

Anti-oxidant Effect of Hyangsayangyi-tang Decoction in Stomach, Spleen and Pancreas Cell of SD Rats (향사양위탕(香砂養胃湯) 전탕액이 노화주의 비장, 췌장, 위장 세포의 항산화능에 미치는 영향)

  • Choi, Byoung-Chol;Ahn, Taek-Won
    • Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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    • v.20 no.2
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    • pp.72-84
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    • 2008
  • 1. Objectives The purpose of this study was to observe the anti-oxidant effects of Hyangsayangyi-tang(HY) in SD rats. 2. Methods This experiment was used the tissue of stomach, spleen and pancreas cells of 6, 52 and 68 weeks old SD rats. Each age group was again divided into three groups. One group, as normal group, was not-treated cells, another group, as control group, was saline-treated cells, and the last group, as experimental group, was HY-treated cells. After culture for 48 hours, each groups measured the level of SOD, GSH, MDA and NO in the tissue of stomach, spleen and pancreas cells. 3. Results and Conclusions The activity of SOD were significantly increased in spleen cell of 52, 68 w-HY group, pancreas cell of 68 w-HY group and in stomach cell of 52, 68 w-HY group compared with those of the normal and the control groups. The level of GSH were significantly increased in spleen cell of 52, 68w-HY group and in pancreas cell of 68w-HY group compared with those of the normal and the control groups. The level of MDA were significantly decreased in pancreas cell of 68 w-HY group compared with those of the normal and the control groups. The level of NO were significantly decreased in spleen cell of 68 w-HY group, pancreas cell of 52, 68w-HGD groups compared with those of the control groups. According to results, HY showed anti-oxidant effect. Investigation into the clinical use of the HY is suggested for future research.

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Cell Loss and Delay Control Scheme using Windows in ATM Networks (비동기식망에서 windows를 이용한 손실 및 지연제어 기법)

  • Kim, Nam-Hee;Kim, Byun-Gon;Cho, Hae-Seong
    • Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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    • 2006.05a
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    • pp.405-408
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    • 2006
  • Design of appropriate control schemes that can satisfy the cell loss, delay requirements with various traffic specification for B-ISDN is an extremely important challenging problem. In this paper, we proposes a priority control scheme with a window counter and a cell counter per each type of class. The priority control for satisfying required service quality is performed with delay/loss factor obtained by comparing window counter with cell counter. The performance of proposed control scheme is estimated by computer simulation.

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A Design of Adaptive Controller based on Immune System (면역시스템에 기반한 적응제어기 설계에 관한 연구)

  • Lee Kwon Soon;Lee Young Jin
    • Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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    • v.10 no.12
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    • pp.1137-1147
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    • 2004
  • In this paper, we proposed two types of adaptive control mechanism which is named HIA(Humoral Immune Algorithm) PID and CMIA(Cell-Mediated Immune Algorithm) controller based on biological immune system under engineering point of view. The HIA PID which has real time control scheme is focused on the humoral immunity and the latter which has the self-tuning mechanism is focused on the T-cell regulated immune response. To verify the performance of the proposed controller, some experiments for the control of AGV which is used for the port automation to carry container without human are performed. The experimental results for the control of steering and speed of an AGV system illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme. Moreover, in that results, proposed controllers have better performance than other conventional PID controller and intelligent control method which is the NN(neural network) PID controller.

The expression and functional roles of microRNAs in stem cell differentiation

  • Shim, Jiwon;Nam, Jin-Wu
    • BMB Reports
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    • v.49 no.1
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    • pp.3-10
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    • 2016
  • microRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of cell state transition and retention during stem cell proliferation and differentiation by post-transcriptionally downregulating hundreds of conserved target genes via seed-pairing in their 3' untranslated region. In embryonic and adult stem cells, dozens of miRNAs that elaborately control stem cell processes by modulating the transcriptomic context therein have been identified. Some miRNAs accelerate the change of cell state into progenitor cell lineages—such as myoblast, myeloid or lymphoid progenitors, and neuro precursor stem cells—and other miRNAs decelerate the change but induce proliferative activity, resulting in cell state retention. This cell state choice can be controlled by endogenously or exogenously changing miRNA levels or by including or excluding target sites. This control of miRNA-mediated gene regulation could improve our understanding of stem cell biology and facilitate their development as therapeutic tools. [BMB Reports 2016; 49(1): 3-10]