• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.2643-2648
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• 2016

Background: High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels are lower in Japanese compared with Western subjects. Since it is uncertain whether hsCRP is a potent predictor of mortality at low CRP concentrations, the present study examined associations with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in a large population of Japanese. Materials and Methods: Subjects were 4,737 men and 6,343 women aged 49-76 years participating in the baseline survey of an ongoing cohort study of lifestyle-related diseases between February 2004 and July 2006. Hazard ratios for all-cause and cause-specific mortality associated with hsCRP levels were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression. Results: A total of 436 all-cause deaths occurred during a median follow-up of 8 years. The main cause of death was cancer. In men, hsCRP levels were positively associated with the risk of all-cause mortality as well as deaths from cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD). All-cause mortality hazards for the 2nd (0.34-0.84 mg/L) and the 3rd (${\geq}0.85mg/L$) tertiles of hsCRP were 1.27 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.93-1.73) and 1.75 (1.30-2.37), respectively (p for trend=0.001). In women, increased risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality associated with elevated hsCRP levels was observed, but the associations were not statistically significant. Conclusions: HsCRP may be an independent predictor of all-cause, cancer and CVD mortality in apparently healthy Japanese men, but not women. The differential effect of hsCRP in predicting mortality risk by sex warrants further investigation.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.496-505
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• 2009

This study was conducted to provide basic data and insight into behaviors that result in increased continuous sales and competitiveness. This was done by examining the effect of personal involvement on customer satisfaction and trust, the effect of customer satisfaction on switching cost and loyalty, the effect of trust on switching cost and loyalty and by analyzing the indirect effect of trust and loyalty to personal involvement on switching cost and loyalty of the patrons of casual dining restaurants. In order to achieve the goals of the study, a hypothesis and structural equation were proposed based on preceding research and the proposed model was analyzed using LISREL 8.30 to prove the hypothesis and better understand the interactions between the cause and effect. The results were as follows: Six proposed hypothesis were chosen and the indirect effect was verified. In other words, customers' personal involvement was shown to have an effect on trust and devotion and satisfaction influenced switching cost and loyalty. Trust had an effect on switching cost and loyalty and by analyzing the indirect effect the customers' personal involvement was shown to affect the switching cost and loyalty through satisfaction and trust. The result of this analysis provides clues to better understand the eating-out behavior of customers and proves that personal involvement, satisfaction, trust, switching cost and loyalty are directly and indirectly related.

• 한국산업경영시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국산업경영시스템학회 2002년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.243-257
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• 2002

A study on processing for producing cure seat radiated by Original Infrared Rays and Magnatic force. We are well aware that Original Infrared Rays and Magnatic force influence on our human body benificially. In the technical background of this research product, we treated that the product has some operations of ceramic hardwood charcoal, far infrared rays and magnetic, so it can serve large part curative values made of far infrared rays and magnetic force of ceramics. Also, in the special quality of the product deal with ceramic, hard charcoal, ferrite, gelatin what is needed in production. And among them, ferrite, ceramic and hard charcoal are introduced by the manufacturing process of the moleculeization. In concluding, this study described the manufacturing process on the basis of the worksheets and arranged the useful effect which effect on human body. There are so many symptoms in the pain of muscle. It's very various. for example, it is the cause of the liver, the spleen and a kidney function's weakening. the cause of the backbone subluxation, the cause of the shoulder joint and scapula, the cause of the sacrum and iliacjoint, the cause of hip joint and the cause of a sprain. In this thesis, we mainly deal with the method which the muscle and nervous system disease by fatigue and a sprain cure seat radiated by Original Infrared Rays and Magnatic force. then, Original Infrared Rays and Magnatic force pack up frapezius muscle, gluteus minimum muscle, gluteus medius muscle, gluteus maximus muscle, pririformis muscle around the spine. through this course the moral pressure by the nervous system disease can be treat.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제24권68호
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• pp.9-20
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• 2001

A study on processing for producing cure seat radiated by Original Infrared Rays and Magnatic force. We are well aware that Original Infrared Rays and Magnatic force influence on our human body benificially. In the technical background of this research product, we treated that the product has some operations of ceramic hardwood charcoal, far infrared rays and magnetic, so it can serve large part curative values made of far infrared rays and magnetic force of ceramics. Also, in the special quality of the product deal with ceramic, hard charcoal, ferrite, gelatin what is needed in prodution. And among them, ferrite, ceramic and hard charcoal are introduced by the manufacturing process of the moleculeization. In concluding, this study described the manufacturing process on the basis of the worksheets and arranged theuseful effect which effect on human body. There are so many symptoms in the pain of muscle. It＇s very various. for example, it is the cause of the liver, the spleen and a kidney function＇s weakening. the cause of the backbone subluxation, the cause of the shoulderjoint and scapula, the cause of the sacrum andiliacjoint, the cause of hip joint and the cause of a sprain. In this thesis, we mainly deal with the method which the muscle and nervous system disease by fatigue and a sprain cure seat radiated by Original Infrared Rays and Magnatic force. then, Original Infrared Rays and Magnatic force pack up frapezius muscle, gluteus minimum muscle, gluteus medius muscle, gluteus maximus muscle, pririformis muscle around the spine. through this course the moral pressure by the nervous system disease can be treat.

• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.87-101
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to develop the measuring instruments for evaluation criteria for Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award(MBNQA), suitable for ICT Industries, and to analyze the cause-effect relationship between those criteria through aforementioned instruments. MBNQA is formed with seven categories: Leadership, Strategic planning, Focus on patients, other customers and markets, Measurement, analysis and knowledge management, Human resource focus, Process management and Results. As excluding the Human Resource Focus category, this study empirically examined the cause-effect relationship among six categories. In order to empirically examine the research model, this study calculated Cronbach's alpha and reliability index, thus examined the reliability and executed Exploratory Factor Analysis. Furthermore, Average Variance Extracted(AVE) is used to verify the discriminant validity. Lastly, the hypothesis testing was made complete through significance test on the paths between variables. The result of this study shows that both leadership and social responsibility have direct cause-effect relationship with Measurement, analysis and knowledge management, Human resource focus, Process management and also that this relationship has direct impact on Human resource focus, Measurement, analysis and knowledge management as well, consequently exerting influence on the result through Process management, Finance and Market data.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.61-70
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• 2023

Although research on Virtual Reality (VR) has uncovered numerous technical advantages of VR over traditional media, little is known about how individual VR users with varying prior experience respond to VR differently. This paper examines the effect of users' prior VR experience on their subsequent real-life behavior in the domain of charitable consumption. Specifically, we find that compared to experienced VR users, novice VR users are more likely to support a charitable cause in real life (e.g., ocean conservation) after experiencing this cause in VR. The increased support among novice VR users occurs because they perceive the use of VR to be more novel. We find a boundary of this effect such that when VR is used to promote a noncharitable cause, novice VR users no longer increase their real-life support after VR. This research offers new possibilities for future studies on the use of VR in societal marketing.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.101-110
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• 2010

Objectives : This experimental study was performed to investigate the effect of Fel Ursi & Bovis Calculus pharmacopuncture solution(FUBCPS) manufactured by using alcohol/water extraction method for identify ing the use of it as eyedrops. Methods: FUBCPS was manufactured by using alcohol/water extraction method. Measure the size of inhibition zone and MIC(Minimum Inhibition Concentration) after administering FUBCPS on bacterial species. Staphylococcus aureus. Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum and Candida albicans, which cause keratitis. Administering cravit(Levonoxacin medicine) on bacterial species also performed to compare the anti-bacterial potency of this material, measured by using the size of inhibition zone Results : After administering FUBCPS on bacterial species(Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum, Candida albicans). there was no response to MIC and there was no anti -bacterial potency also. Conclusions : This study suggests that FUBCPS dose not have anti-bacterial effects on bacterial species which cause Keratitis. These study result recommends that we need to research more on herbal medicines of eye drop which have anti-bacterial effects on keratitis

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.554-566
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• 2024

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Urban-rural inequities in health and mortality exist in Korea, a highly centralized developed country. The potential impact of multiple health-related lifestyle behaviors on mortality and difference between urban and rural areas is not fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the effect of high-risk health behaviors on all-cause mortality among residents living in urban and rural in Korea. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Cross-sectional analyses were conducted on 8,298 adults aged 40 yrs and older from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2015. High-risk behaviors were defined as having poor diet quality, current smoking, high-risk drinking, or insufficient physical activity. Mortality status was linked to the Cause of Death data followed up to December 31, 2019. The associations between all-cause mortality and high-risk behaviors were evaluated using Cox proportional hazard regression models adjusted for age, sex, education, income, and survey year. Population attributable fractions (PAFs) were calculated, and effect modification analysis was conducted. Participants were stratified by residential area (urban or rural). RESULTS: During the follow-up (median: 5.4 yrs), 313 deaths occurred. A higher proportion of rural residents than urban residents engaged in multiple high-risk behaviors (28.9% vs. 22.6%; P < 0.0001). As individual factors, a greater risk of mortality was associated with poor diet quality, current smoking, and inadequate physical activity, and these tendencies persisted in rural residents, especially for diet quality. Multiple high-risk behaviors were positively associated with a higher risk of mortality in Koreans living in urban and rural areas. PAF (95% confidence interval) was 18.5% (7.35-27.9%) and 29.8% (16.1-40.2%) in urban and rural residents, respectively. No additive or multiplicative effect of the region was observed. CONCLUSION: The higher prevalence of multiple high-risk lifestyle behaviors in rural residents may explain the higher mortality in rural areas compared to urban areas. Comprehensive public health policies to improve health-related behaviors in rural populations may be needed.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.158-164
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• 2003

Recently, there are much concerns about ginseng as disease therapeutics. There are no epidemiologic study on relationship between ginseng intake and all cause mortality based from general population Cohort. This study sought to examine relationships between ginseng intake and all cause mortality from Kangwha Cohort data. From March 1985 through December 1999, 2696 males and 3595 females who were aged 55 or over as of 1985 were followed up. We calculate the mortality rate, standardized mortality ratio and risk ratios by ginseng intake. Cox proportional hazard model was used to adjust various confounding factors. Ginseng intake group had the lower all cause mortality(Risk ratio(RR)=0.88, 95%Confidence Interval(CI)=0.79-0.97) among males. Increasing ginseng intake, lower all cause mortality(Low ginseng intake: RR=0.88, 95%CI=0.79-0.98; high ginseng intake : RR=0.87, 95%CI=0.75-1.00) among males. There is no statistically significant difference between ginseng intake and mortality among females. The results of this study suggests that ginseng intake may prolong the human life among males.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.51-54
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• 2001

Bufonis Venenum is a toad venom and its main components are bufadienolides, namely resibufogenin, bufalin and cinobufagin. The desensitizing effect of Bufonis Venenum is useful for the treatment of the premature ejaculation in Chinese medicine. But, minor components of Bufonis Venenum cause problems such as topical burring, pain, and erectile dysfunction. To clarify and eliminate the components responsible for these side effects, we prepared two extracts of Bufonis Venenum with either 70% ethanol or ethylacetate and tested their pharmacological effects. The extract of Bufonis Venenum with 70% ethanol produced pain response in rat hind paw, and exhibited contraction of rabbit corpus cavernosal muscle in vitro. On the other hand, the ethylacetate extract did not cause pain and smooth muscle contraction. The desensitizing effect of the ethylacetate extract was similar to that of the 70% ethanol extract. In conclusion, these results show that the extract of Bufonis Venenum with ethylacetate does not have the components causing side effects and deserve further study for therapeutic potential in premature ejaculation in men.