• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.214-217
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• 2016

A 10-year-old, 24.1 kg, intact female Siberian husky dog (case 1) and 11-year-old, 5.0 kg, intact male Shihtzu dog (case 2) presented with chief complaints of polydipsia, anorexia, vomiting and exercise intolerance (case 1) and stranguria (case 2). Splenic nodule (case 1) and mass (case 2) were identified in these patients through ultrasonographic examination. Laparoscopic splenectomy was conducted for the histopathologic evaluation. In addition, laparoscopic ovariohysterectomy, liver biopsy (case 1) and castration (case 2) were performed for treatment or diagnosis of primary symptoms. Under general anesthesia, 5 mm three-portal access laparoscopic splenectomy was performed using the Sonicision$^{TM}$ equipment. The dogs were rotated onto right lateral recumbency. The spleen was elevated using a fan or goldfinger retractor, which revealed the ventral aspect of the spleen. Resection of vessels was started at the caudal aspect of the spleen using the Sonicision$^{TM}$. The excised spleen was removed from the abdominal cavity using a 12 mm endo-bag via the enlarged instrument portal. There were no post-operative complications in either patient. Histopathologic diagnoses were splenic lymphoid hyperplasia (case 1) and splenic nodular hyperplasia (case 2). Based on our experience, laparoscopic splenectomy is sufficient to replace traditional splenectomy in small animal surgery. The use of the Sonicision$^{TM}$ could be a novel surgical technique for three-portal laparoscopic splenectomy, regardless of patient size.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.206-213
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• 2011

Purpose: Intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) is a high precision therapy technique that can achieve a conformal dose distribution on a given target. However, organ motion induced by respiration can result in significant dosimetric error. Therefore, this study explores the dosimetric error that result from various patterns of respiration. Materials and Methods: Experiments were designed to deliver a treatment plan made for a real patient to an in-house developed motion phantom. The motion pattern; the amplitude and period as well as inhale-exhale period, could be controlled by in-house developed software. Dose distribution was measured using EDR2 film and analysis was performed by RIT113 software. Three respiratory patterns were generated for the purpose of this study; first the 'even inhale-exhale pattern', second the slightly long exhale pattern (0.35 seconds longer than inhale period) named 'general signal pattern', and third a 'long exhale pattern' (0.7 seconds longer than inhale period). One dimensional dose profile comparisons and gamma index analysis on 2 dimensions were performed. Results: In one-dimensional dose profile comparisons, 5% in the target and 30% dose difference at the boundary were observed in the long exhale pattern. The center of high dose region in the profile was shifted 1 mm to inhale (caudal) direction for the 'even inhale-exhale pattern', 2 mm and 5 mm shifts to exhale (cranial) direction were observed for 'slightly long exhale pattern' and 'long exhale pattern', respectively. The areas of gamma index >1 were 11.88 %, 15.11%, and 24.33% for 'even inhale-exhale pattern', 'general pattern', and 'long exhale pattern', respectively. The long exhale pattern showed largest errors. Conclusion: To reduce the dosimetric error due to respiratory motions, controlling patient's breathing to be closer to even inhaleexhale period is helpful with minimizing the motion amplitude.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.27-36
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• 2005

Introduction : The aim of the study is to investigate the suppressive action of electroacupuncture on cold alloynia development in the rat model of neuopathic pain. Methods : To produce neuropathic pain, the right superior caudal trunk was resected $1{\sim}2\;mm$ between S1 and S2 spinal nerves. The rats were divided into control and four electroacupuncture groups: Two electroacupuncture groups were given 2 Hz or 100 Hz electroacupuncture for 20 minutes everyday after the sacral nerve injury. Other two electroacupuncture groups were given 2 Hz or 100 Hz electroacupuncture for 20 minutes just one session at one hour after the sacral nerve injury. The right point of Joksamni (ST36) was applied for electroacupuncture. The control group was induced neuropathic pain without electroacupuncture. The cold allodynia was assessed by immersing the tail in $4^{\circ}C$ water. The latency to an abrupt tail movement after rat tail immersion was measured with a cut-off time of 15 sec at 4th, 7th and 14th day after the sacral nerve injury. Results : The results were as follows; 1. At 4th experimental day, there were no significant differences between 2 Hz or 100 Hz electroacupuncture groups and the control group. 2. At 7th experimental day, everyday 2 Hz or 100 Hz electroacupuncture groups showed significant differences compared with the control group. But There were no significant differences between 2 Hz and 100 Hz electroacupuncture groups. 3. At 14th experimental day, everyday 2 Hz electroacupuncture group showed significant differences compared with the control group. But everyday 100 Hz electroacupuncture group showed no significant difference compared with the control group and everyday 2 Hz electroacupuncture group. 4. There were no significant differences between the control and 2 Hz or 100 Hz electroacupuncture groups which were done just one session at one hour after the surgery. 5. Everyday 2 Hz electroacupuncture group showed significant differences in the one session of the 100 Hz electroacupuncture group. Conclusion : Everyday 2 Hz electroacupuncture exerts a suppressive action on cold allodynia development in the rat model of neuropathic pain.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.83-89
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• 1996

The early life history of Korean bullhead, Pseudobagrus fulvidraco was studied to obtain some information required in aquaculture and reinforcement of natural population. The fertilized eggs were almost spherical in shape and demersal. The egg membranes were transparent with minute folds on the surface, causing them to stick to other substrates. Yolk is yellowish without oil droplets. The eggs just after fertilization were measuring $1.4{\pm}0.03mm$(1.3~1.5mm, n=10) and expanded to $1.7{\pm}0.08mm$(1.6~1.8mm, n=10) in diameter in 1.5 hr. The blastodisc was formed in 30 min and cleavage started in 1 hr after fertilization, and the intervals of each stage of cleavage was about 30 min at $25.0^{\circ}C$. The yolk from 32-cell stage to gastrula stage partly depressed and the depressed part moved clockwise. Hatching occurred in 53 hr after fertilization and hatched embryos had 18~19+20~21(38~40) myomeres measuring 4.2~4.3mm in total length. At the age 7 d after hatching, 4 pairs of barbels were already formed ; 1 pair on the posterior part of the nostril, 1 pair on the upper jaw, and 2 pairs on the lower jaw. And the posterior margin of caudal fin changed into two folds. The lateral band and the form of all fins were completed in 3 weeks.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.225-230
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• 2010

This study was proposed to investigate the effects of water extract of aged black garlic on ethanol induced hangovers in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing $180{\pm}10\;g$ were divided into the following three groups; control, 130 mg/kg, and 260 mg/kg of aged black garlic extract. Aged black garlic was administered orally 30 min before and 30 min after ingestion of 40% ethanol (5 g/kg, B.W.). The rats were killed 24 hr after ethanol treatment, and blood was taken from the caudal artery at 1, 3, and 5 hr to test for ethanol or acetaldehyde in the serum. Groups that were administered aged black garlic extract pre- and post-alcohol consumption showed a significant decrease in ethanol levels in the blood at 1, 3, and 5 hr. The acetaldehyde concentrations decreased in both 130 mg/kg and 260 mg/kg groups that were administered aged black garlic extract pre- and post-alcohol consumption. The activities of alcohol dehydrogenase seemed to be unaffected, although the aged black garlic showed slightly higher activities of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase in pre- or post-alcohol consumption. The aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity in the serum, elevated by ethanol, was decreased by administering a high dosage of aged black garlic extract, but resulted in no significant change in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity. These results concluded that aged black garlic extract can reduce hangover syndrome through the elevation of ALDH.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.208-214
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• 2000

The egg development and morphological changes of larvae of the file fish, Thamnaconus modestus(Gunther), was investigated by artificial insemination. The fertilized egg was spherical in shape, colorless and adhesive with 0.63~0.67mm in diameter and yolk had 20~30 oil globules of various size (0.04~0.16 mm in diameter). The hatching occured at 53 hours after fertilization in $21.0\sim23.0^{\circ}C$ of water temperature. Hatched larvae measured 2.07~2.20 mm in total length with 5~6+17~18=22~24 myotomes. The 3~4 days after hatching larvae grew to the total length 2.62~2.77 mm, opened mouth and anus. The 5 days after hatching, total length of the larvae was 2.74~3.04 mm, the first dorsal fin was formed at the behind of head. After hatching 12~13 days larvae attained 3.78~3.99 mm in total length. This period formed rudimental dorsal fin and anal fin. Twenty days after hatching, larvae grew to 6.04~6.17mm in total length, at which time the dorsal, anal and caudal fin rays reached 19~20, 18~19 and 9~10, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.67-76
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• 2012

Skeletal development in the oblong rockfish, Sebastes oblongus, was studied based on extensive larval rearing conditions from December 2007 to March 2008. Newly-hatched larvae lacked osteological elements. After 3 days of bearing, jaw bones were ossified almost simultaneously with the frontal, parietal, clavicle, opercle, preopercle and branchiostegal rays at 8.0 mm average total length (TL). Ossification of the opercular was completed by 12.3 mm and the full complement of ossified elements of cranium and pectoral girdle were completed by 16.2 mm. Ossification of the cartilaginous caudal complex began to at 9.8 mm, and completely ossified by 18.0 mm. The fusing of the first and second, and the third and fourth hypurals initially occurred by 10.8 mm, and their fusion was finally completed at 18.0 mm. Notochord flexion occurred and formed an individual centrum by 8.5 mm and 10.8 mm, respectively, and all 26 centra were ossified by 13.2 mm. The preorbital bone began to ossify on the anterior region of eye at 10.8 mm, and the $1^{st}$ suborbital bone appeared ossified on the lower of eye by 12.3 mm, and all elements were ossified at 27.5 mm. Finally, after 71 days of bearing, the juveniles became 27.5 mm, and ossification was completed at this stage.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.164-174
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• 2016

Tanakius kitaharae and Glyptocephalus stelleri, belonging to the family Pleuronectidae, were very similar in external morphology not only during adult periods, but also during larval periods. In this study, we compared larval development and growth of the two pleuronectids species in detail. Fifty-eight specimens of T. kitaharae larvae and five specimens of G. stelleri larvae were collected from the East Sea, southern Korean Strait, and the adjacent waters of Jeju Island during 2014~2016, and were identified using morphological and molecular markers. Flexion larvae of T. kitaharae (10.23~16.77 mm total length, TL) and G. stelleri (14.33 mm TL) were similar in morphometrics, but can be distinguished by the melanophores in the fin membranes (present in the former vs. absent in the latter), and the melanophores at posterior margin of shoulder girdle (absent in the former vs. present in the latter). Postflexion larvae of T. kitaharae (17.12~24.92 mm TL) and G. stelleri (27.71~32.95 mm TL) differed in the number of melanophores on the mid-lateral caudal region (two in the former vs. five in the latter), and that on the dorsal and anal fin pterygiophores (five or six in the former vs. one row in the latter). Tanakius kitaharae and G. stelleri larvae differed in size at the beginning of metamorphosis. The left eye of T. kitaharae larvae between 23.13~24.92 mm TL reached the dorsal margin of the head while that of G. stelleri larvae between 38.66~42.67 mm TL did not reached yet.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.49-58
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• 1998

The spawning behavior and early life history of the Korean aucha perch, Coreoperca herzi were studied. The eggs were spawned in a one-layer mass, hanging from the underside of a largy stone and guarded by one male. According to the considerable size difference os eggs in the individual ovaries, it was concluded that they spawns several times within a spawning season of May~June. The ripe eggs were demersal and adhesive, and their diameter were 2.60~3.04mm with several oil globule of 0.10~0.64mm. Hatching in the tank with $19.0{\pm}1.0^{\circ}C.$ in men water temperature started from the 380 hours after fertilization. Newly-hatched larvae were measured 6.45~7.34mm in total length (TL, mean : 6.85mm), and mouth and anus were open. Melanophores were present on the head, around the yolk, and on the dorsal part of the abdominal region. 3 days old larvae were measured 7.00~7.40mm in TL (mean : 7.25mm), and they fed Daphnia sp. and Brachionus plicatilis actively. 6 days old larvae transformed to postlarval stage and they were 7.94~10.10mm in TL (mean : 9.00mm). As yolk sac were nearly absorbed, the caudal notochord flex at 45. Aggregate numbers of all fin rays were completed at over 16.90~19.80mm in TL (30 days after hatching), at which time the larvae reached the juvenile stage. In fifty days old larvae(24.60~27.10mm in TL) were similar in body form, lateral line and color to adult.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.323-328
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• 1982

Kareius bicoloratus (Basilewsky) is one of the commonly found right-eye flounders and widely distributed in the coastal waters of Korea and Japan. On December 11,1980, the ailthors carried out an experiment to obtain a large number of fertilized eggs from wild adult fish caught by a trawler. The fish were obtained from Maisaka fish market, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. The egg is pelagic, spherical in shape and measuring 1.014-1.04 mm in diameter. The yolk as well as the egg capsule is colorless and transparent, and contain no oil globules. The hatching took place in 73 hr 45 min after fertilization at the water temperature $8.0-9.5^{\circ}C$. Newly hatched larvae are 3.09-3.146 mm in total length, with the anus situated in the middle of the body. The marginal fin does not have Pigment cells and myotome number is 17+20=37. Within one day after hatching, the larvae attained 3.77 mm in total length, and there appeared three or four melanophore on yolk sac. When the larvae attained 3.96 mm in total length, melanophores began to appear on the eye ball. Two days after hatching, the larvae attained 4.05 mm in total length, most of yolk material was absorbed, and the caudal fin began to grow at the terminal part of the notochord. When the larvae attained 4.21 mm in total length, mouth and eyes began to move. After 3 days, the larvae attained 4.342-4.394 mm in total length, alimentary canal differentiated, melanophores appeared on the lower jaw and posterior part of the fin membrane. When the larvae attaind 4.576 mm in total length, marginal line of dorsal fin membrane became concave.