• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.65-75
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• 2022

This study aims to forecast of Air Passenger Demand between South Korea and North Korea using the system dynamics analysis methodology that is based on the system thinking. System dynamics is not only a tool that makes the systematic thought to a model but also a computer program-based analysis methodology that mathematically models the system varying according to time variation. This study analyzed the causal relationship based on the interrelation among variables and structured them by considering various variables that affect aviation cooperation from the perspective of Air passenger demand forecasting. In addition, based on the causal relationship between variables, this study also completed the causal loop diagram that forms a feedback loop, constructed the stock-flow diagram of Inter-Korean model using Vensim program. In this study, Air passenger demand was using by the simulation variable value into System Dynamics. This study was difficult to reflect the various variables constituting the North Korea environment, and there is a limit to the occurrence of events in North Korea.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.207-228
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• 2007

Measuring Information Technology(IT) organizations' activities have been limited to mainly measure financial indicators for a long time. However, according to the multifarious functions of Information System, a number of researches have been done for the new trends on measurement methodologies that come with financial measurement as well as new measurement methods. Especially, the researches on IT Balanced Scorecard(BSC), concept from BSC measuring IT activities have been done as well in recent years. BSC provides more advantages than only integration of non-financial measures in a performance measurement system. The core of BSC rests on the cause-and-effect relationships between measures to allow prediction of value chain performance measures to allow prediction of value chain performance measures, communication, and realization of the corporate strategy and incentive controlled actions. More recently, BSC proponents have focused on the need to tie measures together into a causal chain of performance, and to test the validity of these hypothesized effects to guide the development of strategy. Kaplan and Norton[2001] argue that one of the primary benefits of the balanced scorecard is its use in gauging the success of strategy. Norreklit[2000] insist that the cause-and-effect chain is central to the balanced scorecard. The cause-and-effect chain is also central to the IT BSC. However, prior researches on relationship between information system and enterprise strategies as well as connection between various IT performance measurement indicators are not so much studied. Ittner et al.[2003] report that 77% of all surveyed companies with an implemented BSC place no or only little interest on soundly modeled cause-and-effect relationships despite of the importance of cause-and-effect chains as an integral part of BSC. This shortcoming can be explained with one theoretical and one practical reason[Blumenberg and Hinz, 2006]. From a theoretical point of view, causalities within the BSC method and their application are only vaguely described by Kaplan and Norton. From a practical consideration, modeling corporate causalities is a complex task due to tedious data acquisition and following reliability maintenance. However, cause-and effect relationships are an essential part of BSCs because they differentiate performance measurement systems like BSCs from simple key performance indicator(KPI) lists. KPI lists present an ad-hoc collection of measures to managers but do not allow for a comprehensive view on corporate performance. Instead, performance measurement system like BSCs tries to model the relationships of the underlying value chain in cause-and-effect relationships. Therefore, to overcome the deficiencies of causal modeling in IT BSC, sound and robust causal modeling approaches are required in theory as well as in practice for offering a solution. The propose of this study is to suggest critical success factors(CSFs) and KPIs for measuring performance for IT organizations and empirically validate the casual relationships between those CSFs. For this purpose, we define four perspectives of BSC for IT organizations according to Van Grembergen's study[2000] as follows. The Future Orientation perspective represents the human and technology resources needed by IT to deliver its services. The Operational Excellence perspective represents the IT processes employed to develop and deliver the applications. The User Orientation perspective represents the user evaluation of IT. The Business Contribution perspective captures the business value of the IT investments. Each of these perspectives has to be translated into corresponding metrics and measures that assess the current situations. This study suggests 12 CSFs for IT BSC based on the previous IT BSC's studies and COBIT 4.1. These CSFs consist of 51 KPIs. We defines the cause-and-effect relationships among BSC CSFs for IT Organizations as follows. The Future Orientation perspective will have positive effects on the Operational Excellence perspective. Then the Operational Excellence perspective will have positive effects on the User Orientation perspective. Finally, the User Orientation perspective will have positive effects on the Business Contribution perspective. This research tests the validity of these hypothesized casual effects and the sub-hypothesized causal relationships. For the purpose, we used the Partial Least Squares approach to Structural Equation Modeling(or PLS Path Modeling) for analyzing multiple IT BSC CSFs. The PLS path modeling has special abilities that make it more appropriate than other techniques, such as multiple regression and LISREL, when analyzing small sample sizes. Recently the use of PLS path modeling has been gaining interests and use among IS researchers in recent years because of its ability to model latent constructs under conditions of nonormality and with small to medium sample sizes(Chin et al., 2003). The empirical results of our study using PLS path modeling show that the casual effects in IT BSC significantly exist partially in our hypotheses.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.155-164
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• 2013

Purpose : This study was conducted to assess whether Korean medicine doctors' attire influences patients' preference (confidence, comfortability, neatness) in a university hospital. Materials and Methods : Employing a cross-sectional design, outpatients answered a questionnaire in a university hospital of Korean Medicine. Respondents were asked for completing the questionnaire to estimate their preference of doctor's attire for confidence, comfortability and neatness after watching 4 types of attire in both male and female Korean medicine doctors, including white coat, traditional attire, formal suit and casual clothes. Whether Korean medicine doctors' attire on a patients' preference is important was also asked for the respondents using a 5-point Likert scale. Results : All 175 patients were enrolled, of whom 38.9% were male respondents, 46.3% graduated from a university at least and mean age of responders was 47.1. Most had a tendency for preferring white coat followed by traditional attire and only a small portion of respondents preferred for formal suit and casual clothes. When comparing preferences in confidence between white coat and traditional attire only, male patients preferred white coat more than female patients did with statistical significance. In addition, 85.4% of respondents answered that Korean medicine doctors' attire is important to a clinical situation with higher ratio of female respondents (87.9%) than male respondents (80.9%). Conclusion : Patients preferred white coat and traditional attire mostly for the Korean Medicine doctor's attire with only small preference for formal suit and casual clothes. Also, Patients recognized that Korean medicine doctors' attire is important in the clinical situation.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.1-8
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• 2015

This study aims to suggest key strategy for successful establishment of LIS (Land Information System). Survey questionnaires on casual and outcome factors for LIS establishment are distributed to the LIS users and developers. Analysis results show that user participation has statistically significant, positive effect on business efficiency, user satisfaction, data sharing and services. Government support and developer technical skill are appeared to be the two important factors for improving the business efficiency and user satisfaction of LIS. Based on such results, this study suggests different strategies for successful development and implementation of LIS, including the definition of users' role and their proactive participation, visionary guide and support by government, cooperative relationship based government support and user participation, sufficient technology for land informatization. This study contributes to systematic organization of situational factors of South Korea's LIS towards its achievements. The results of this study could also be utilized for strengthening global competitiveness of the domestic geospatial information firms, in particular in supporting the development of land information projects in developing countries.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.1-13
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• 2016

Since protecting the environment became a major issue in modern society, an increasing number of individuals have engaged in lifestyles of health and sustainability (LOHAS). The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of restaurant and LOHAS images on customer satisfaction and loyalty. Particularly, this study analyzes the incremental information content of LOHAS image in the relationship between restaurant image and customer satisfaction/loyalty. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to customers of casual-dining restaurants in three major cities (i.e., Seoul, Daegu, and Busan) in South Korea. The empirical findings suggest significant incremental information content of LOHAS image beyond general restaurant image in explaining customer satisfaction and loyalty.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.35-44
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationships between clothing image and clothing shopping orientation of middle aged women. For this purpose, the subjects of 300 adult women from in their 40’s to 50’s, living in Daegu area were sampled out by convenient sampling method. The result of this analysis are as follows. 1)a factor analysis identified six different types of clothing image: classy, bold, plain, feminine, casual, and peculiar. 2)five different types of clothing shopping orientation were identified: conspicuous, conformable, hedonic, uniqueness conscious, and quality conscious. 3)the results of multiple regression analysis found that clothing images affected clothing shopping orientation of middle aged women. This meant that significant relationships existed among these variables and there was a causal relationship between clothing image and clothing shopping orientation.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.65-71
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• 2011

Path analysis is a useful method to find out direct or indirect effects between variables. Compared to regression analysis for studying the casual relationship, this method has a good advantage. In this study, I want to figure out direct or indirect relationships between golf skills and adjust average scores using path analysis. To analyze data, I applied AMOS in SPSS and collected data in 2010 PGA.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.107-122
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• 1998

It has been suggested that equity theory a social psychological theory concerned with the fairness in casual relationships should be applicable to marital relationships. This study describes the development of the scale for measuring perception of equity which measure the level of equity in marital relationships among Korean couples. PES(Perception of Equity Scale) is composed of two subscales; detailed measure of equity(DME) and global measure of equity(GME). The PES which include items from two areas of concern for intimates-pschological-emotional concern day-to-day concern-are describes. As results of test reliability of areas of DME range from .86 to .88 and reliability of GME is .92. And there are primarily evidences of construct validity of PES. Therefore PES is very reasonable scale to measure of equity/inequity perception in married couples. Finally analyzing of the level of equity in this sample husbands and wives has generally equitable relationships with their partn rs. Another findings suggest that husbands are overbenefited of their patners through marriage whereas wives are not.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2010.06c
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• pp.152-155
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• 2010

실시간 데이터 마이닝 기법은 다양한 종류의 센서에서 수집된 다차원 스트림 데이터들 사이에 존재하는 의미있는 정보를 탐사할 수 있다. 전통적인 데이터베이스 시스템에서의 마이닝 기법은 정적인 데이터베이스에 기초하므로 실시간으로 수집되는 스트림 데이터는 시간 속성을 갖는 인터벌 이벤트로 요약되어야 한다. 이 논문은 다차원 스트림 데이터 환경에서 스트림 데이터를 요약하고 이들 사이에 존재하는 인과 관계를 탐사하는 실시간 데이터 마이닝 기법을 제안한다. 제안 기법은 센서에서 수집되는 데이터의 대부분이 객체의 정상적인 상태 데이터임을 고려하여 의미있는 이상 이벤트를 선별하여 전송한다. 그리고 스트림 데이터의 연속성을 고려하며 스트림 데이터를 세 가지 상태의 이벤트로 요약하고 인과 관계 규칙을 탐사한다. 인과 관계 규칙은 시간에 따라 이벤트 발생에 영향력을 미치는 원인 이벤트를 발견함으로써 이벤트의 발생을 미리 예측할 수 있다.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.123-135
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of textile materials on children's clothing purchase according to types of clothings. In addition, textile fiber preference on the types of children's clothings was investigated. The subjects were 307 mothers with preschool children(4-6 yrs) in Seoul. The data were gathered by questionnaire and analyzed by analysis of variance and crosstabulation analysis. The results were as follows. 1) Textile materials were major consideration in purchasing children's clothings especially underwear. 2) There were significant differences in the perception of importance on textile material properties according to types of children's clothings. 3) Preferable fibers varied according to children's clothing types. 4) Relationship between fiber preference on the children's clothing types and demographic variables of mothers was not found except education and income in casual wear.