• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.38-49
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• 2001

This study was designed to analyze the dietetic practitioner's job in the over 600-ed hospitals in korea and to assess their labor time spent and staffing need indices. The actual time spent and expected labor time spent on dietitians' activities were investigated and the proper dietic staffing needs in the hospitals was also calculated. A job analysis questionnaires were developed and mailed to 20 hospitals. Completed questionnaires were received form 12 hospitals for a response rate of 60%. The followings are summary of the results. 1. The jobs dietitians at the hospitals were classified into the following 7 areas, direct patient care, indirect patient care, therapeutic patient care, education & counseling, meeting & research, delay & movement, and administration & food services. 2. The actual time spent on dietetic practice was 48.6 hours and expected labor time spent was 99.2 hours, Therefore, the proper time required to conduct classified jobs was 2.1 times higher than the time spent. Especially, the time required for performing clinical nutrition services including direct patient care, indirect patient care, therapeutic patient care was significantly higher than the time needed. 3. The average times required for the direct patient care was 1334.6min, for the indirect patient care was 796.3min, for the therapeutic patient care was 1634.5min, for the education & counseling was 265.2min, for the meeting & research was 366.7min, for the delay & movement was 327.3min, and for the administration & food services was 1170min. The staffing need indices was 12.3. As a conclusion, the standardized job descriptions for the dietitian to carry out their job at the hospital should be established. And the clinical dietitians as nutrition professionals have to be recruited to provide systematically hospitalized patients with medical nutrition therapy at each hospital.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.51-59
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• 1976

Contemporary nursing is concerned with meeting patients physical psychological and secio-economical needs and with helping persons to sore their own problems. At the time of confinement and delivery, women often have physical and psychological disco- mort related to fear, tension or anxiety. Pain related to these causes varies with the individual woman. Effective nursing care to meet individual needs during labor and delivery is important if nurses are to understand and relieve woman's physical and psychological pain. A questionnaire prepared for the purpose by the investigator was administered to 162 women in two general hospitals, one in Seoul and one in TaeGu, during August 1 and September 20, 1975 and to the 13 delivery-room nurses who cared for them. It was hoped that the study would contribute to comprehensive nursing care during labor and delivery and to improve maternal and child health. 1. The sample of mothers ranged in age from 18 to 39; the majority were from 25 to 29 years old (54.3%). Most of them were housewives (87.6%). Sixty-three percent had high school or higher education. They had a range of one to seven deliveries. Sixty-one percent were primiparas Most had some prenatal care (87.6%). 2. The age of the group of nurses ranged from 22 to 39. Ten were 22 or 23. Five of the 13 had from six to ten months experience in the de]ivory room. Twelve were single and ten had a religious affiliation. 3. Both primiparas and multiparas thought equally that physical and psychological care, nursing skills and attitudes were important during labor and delivery, but did not relate basic nursing care directly to normal delivery. Need for nursing care was rated more highly by primiparas (2.83-3.48) than by multiparas (2.51-3.17) (p〈0.05). 4. There was no difference in need for nursing care according to the educational level of the women nor according to whether they had a religious affiliation or not (p〉0.05). 5. There was no difference in the reported nursing care given regarding of the educational preparation of the nurses (p〉 0.05). 6. There the reported nursing needs of the women and the reported nursing care given were compared, physical and psychological nursing care directed toward protecting the mother and fetus and a safe do]ivory were considered important by both groups. Neither group related simple nursing care directly to protection of the mother and fetus or to a safe delivery. The women rated highly their needs for nourishment (3.05) and having a relative with them (2.90) for emotional support but there was little evidence (2.39) that the nurses provided care to meet these needs (p〈0.05). In conclusion, the nursing needs of the women during the three stages of labor and the nursing care given were generally similar. The women had more psychological needs than physical needs but in comparison, nurses gave a little more physical than psychological care. The results point up the need to make adjustments in labor and delivery room nursing care the nurse should Prepared to pay more attention and bigger consideration in psychological comfort care than physical care.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.67-79
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• 2001

This study was designed to verify the effect of Doula-type-delivery nursing care on plasma $\beta$-endorphin, serum cortisol, related to delivery stress during labor, and postpartum anxiety of primipara by a quasi experiment(nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design), from December, 1999 to August, 2000. The subjects of this experiment consisted of sixty eight primipara, with single gestation, full term, uncomplicated pregnancies, thirty three for the experimental group and thirty five for the control group. Their mean age was 26.1 years for the experimental group and 25.5 years for the control group. Their mean gestation period was 39.7 weeks for the experimental group and 40.1 weeks for the control group. As treatment, Doula-type-delivery nursing care was given for the experimental group. Data assessed plasma $\beta$-endorphin, serum cortisol during labor, and anxiety during postpartum. Plasma $\beta$-endorphin, serum cortisol were measured in the latent phase before treatment(pre-test) and the transition phase after treatment(posttest). Also, anxiety was measured in the latent phase before treatment(pre-test) and 24 hours postpartum after treatment(posttest). Data was analyzed by t-test, $x^2$-test, Repeated measures ANOVA with SAS Program. The results of this study were as follows; 1. Plasma $\beta$-endorphin was significantly elevated in the experimental group who were cared for with Doula-type-delivery nursing care during labor(P=.0463). 2. No significant group effects were found, but significant time effects were found for serum cortisol. 3. The postpartum anxiety of the experimental group was significantly lower than the control group(P=.0110). In conclusion, these findings indicate that Doula-type-delivery nursing care during labor could be effective in increasing maternal plasma $\beta$-endorphin and decreasing postpartum anxiety. Doula-type-delivery nursing care during labor could be applied as an effective nursing treatment for primipara.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.290-301
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the influencing factors on turnover intention of nurses in long-term care hospitals. Methods: Data were collected from 210 nurses in 11 long-term care hospitals in B city. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and Stepwise multiple regression. Results: Turnover intention was significantly correlated with emotional labor(r=.35, p<.001) and job involvement (r=-.38, p<.001). In a multiple regression, emotional labor (${\beta}=.31$, p<.001), age (${\beta}=-.27$, p<.001), job satisfaction (${\beta}=.24$, p<.001), job involvement (${\beta}=-.23$, p<.001), and number of patients assigned(${\beta}=.14$, p=.009) were associated with turnover intention. These factors attributed to 41.2% of the total variance in turnover intention. Conclusion: Considering the results of this study, proactive educational and/or human resource management interventions need to be developed especially for those younger nurses in order to reduce emotional labor as well as to promote job satisfaction and job involvement of nurses in long-term care hospitals.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.139-151
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• 2004

The purposes of this study were to examine the time use on weekdays and weekends by the time amount of each activities and compare time amounts of single parent with that of two parents family. So two methods were applied, one was secondary data analysis ,the other was deep-interview. The major findings of analysis of time use were as follows; 1) Mothers in single parent family used significantly less time amount of household labor and family care than them in two parent family 2) Fathers in single parent family used significantly more time amount of household labor but used significantly less time amounts of family care than them in two parent family And 3) Mothers in single parent family used significantly more time amounts of household labor and family care than fathers in single parent family. The results of deep-interview were as follows; roughly the amounts of household labor time, family care time, leisure time were of little quantity and absence of spouse, family size, family life cycle stage, economic condition, sex role identity, psychological factor maybe seemed important.

• Issues in Feminism
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.1-47
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• 2011

The public interventions to care work affect women's labor participation as well as quality of care jobs in the market. We identify five different patterns of ways in which care work has been socialized. Some ways of intervention tend to reinforce the commodification of care work through producing it in the market area. Other ways of intervention has a lot of hazard to return care work to women in the families, after all. We can call it re-familization. Whether care work is re-familized or not largely depends on the ways of public supports for care: cash benefit vs. in-kind benefit. Cash benefits for women's care work negatively affect on their labor market participation. The effects vary across family income levels. In other words, you may expect that cash benefits for care work may reduce female labor supply in lower income classes. The marketization of care service provision may worsen the quality of care jobs while the public provision tends to increase the wage level of care jobs.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.281-290
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of emotional labor, resilience, nursing work environment on turnover intentions of comprehensive nursing care medical service ward nurses. The data were collected from 186 subjects using a structured self-report questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS WIN Version 22.0. The mean score of emotional labor, resilience, nursing work environment, and turnover intentions were 3.66, 3.52, 2.62, and 3.82. Turnover intentions had significant correlation with emotional labor, resilience and nursing work environment. The influencing factors on turnover intentions were sex, emotional labor, resilience and nursing work environment of comprehensive nursing care medical service ward nurses. These result indicates that in order to reduce the turnover intentions of comprehensive nursing care medical service ward nurses, it is necessary to develop and apply an intervention programs considering sex, emotional labor, resilience, and nursing work environment.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.67 no.4
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• pp.279-299
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• 2015

This study examines the impact of Long-Term Care Insurance(LTCI) on family caregivers(especially focused on female household members) labor supply in South Korea. When public care and informal care are substitutes, LTCI will change allocation of time of family caregivers to spend more time to paid work. The impact of LTCI on labor supply depends on each country's institutional level of public care services. If public care can not substitute for informal care, labor supply of family caregivers will not rise significantly. The conclusions of vigorous empirical study from western countries' are incompatible and problem of endogeneity in terms of methodology has been raised consistently. The dataset of this study are used the third and ninth waves of Korea Welfare Panel. As a result, the introduction of LTCI had no effect on labor supply of household members. Robust findings suggest the positive effects of caregiving on labor market outcomes in simple comparison t-test, but not in fixed-effect regression. Compared with western countries, South Korea's public care services can be interpreted as a supplement to only part that remained at the level does not substitute informal care. These findings may suggest that if LTCI become much more prevalent in the future, senior citizens and family members will be able to choose the LTCI arrangement that best suits their needs.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.153-161
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of violence experience, emotional labor and job stress on clinical nurses' depression and to provide suggestions for improving the quality of patient care. Methods: This research involved 257 clinical nurses who were working at an acute care hospital with at least 200 beds in S city and K province. Data were collected from May 23 to June 7 in 2014 and were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 21.0. Results: The results show that 98.1% of subjects had violence experience in the past year and the violence experience included 44.4% physical threat, 37.5% verbal violence and 18.1% physical violence. The average scores were emotional labor 3.57, job stress 3.54 and depression 21.16. There were positive correlations among violence experience, emotional labor, job stress and depression (p<.01). There were also significant co-relationships between depression and violence experience (r=.21, p=.001), between depression and emotional labor (r=.48, p<.001) and between depression and job stress (r=.31, p<.001). Conclusion: The results suggest that it is necessary to set up guidelines for clinical nurses to manage violence, emotional labor and job stress in order to create better working environment and to improve quality of patient care.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.169-176
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• 2020

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the factors affecting fatigue of care helpers in long-term care facilities. Methods: The subjects consisted of 131 care helpers at six long-term care facilities in Chungcheongnam-do. A survey was conducted between July and September 2019 to collect data, which were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple regression analysis.Results: An increase in fatigue of care helpers owing to taking care of over 10 patients a day, increase in emotional labor and sleep disturbance, and a decrease in economic status was observed. Their fatigue decreased when there was an increase in their subjective health status and job satisfaction. Work-related stress (β=.37, p<.001), emotional labor (β=.21, p=.014), and sleep disturbance (β=.18, p=.026) significantly predicted fatigue. These factors explained 37% of the total variance in fatigue (F=10.48, p<.001).Conclusion: In addition to improving the work environment, interventions that alleviate emotional labor and improve sleep quality, are needed to lower the fatigue of care helpers.