• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.311-314
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• 2010

Bartonella henselae is the causative agent of cat scratch disease. Although cats are the main zoonotic reservoirs of Bartonella spp., unusual cases of cat scratch disease caused by a domestic dog scratch have been recently reported. For the in vivo B. henselae infection, eight dogs were inoculated intradermally with $2{\times}10^8CFU$ of B. henselae Houston-1 suspended in 1 ml of phosphate buffered saline on day 0 and subsequent injections of the same amount given intradermally on days 21, 28, 36, 58 and 64. After in vivo canine B. henselae infection was confirmed by nested PCR, the IFN-$\gamma$ levels of the culture supernatant of PBMC stimulated with B. henselae was significantly higher in the B. henselae-PCR positive group than the B. henselae-PCR negative group. Our results showed that the canine immune responses against B. henselae were different from those of cats. Th1 activation by B. henselae stimulation was characterized in dog peripheral blood mononuclear cells, whereas Th2 activation was reported in B. henselae-infected cats.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.43.1-43.13
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• 2020

Background: Canine parvovirus (CPV) and feline panleukopenia (FPV) cause severe intestinal disease and leukopenia. Objectives: In Korea, there have been a few studies on Korean FPV and CPV-2 strains. We attempted to investigate several genetic properties of FPV and CPV-2. Methods: Several FPV and CPV sequences from around world were analyzed by Bayesian phylo-geographical analysis. Results: The parvoviruses strains were newly classified into FPV, CPV 2-I, CPV 2-II, and CPV 2-III genotypes. In the strains isolated in this study, Gigucheon, Rara and Jun belong to the FPV, while Rachi strain belong to CPV 2-III. With respect to CPV type 2, the new genotypes are inconsistent with the previous genotype classifications (CPV-2a, -2b, and -2c). The root of CPV-I strains were inferred to be originated from a USA strain, while the CPV-II and III were derived from Italy strains that originated in the USA. Based on VP2 protein analysis, CPV 2-I included CPV-2a-like isolates only, as differentiated by the change in residue S297A/N. Almost CPV-2a isolates were classified into CPV 2-III, and a large portion of CPV-2c isolates was classified into CPV 2-II. Two residue substitutions F267Y and Y324I of the VP2 protein were characterized in the isolates of CPV 2-III only. Conclusions: We provided an updated insight on FPV and CPV-2 genotypes by molecular-based and our findings demonstrate the genetic characterization according to the new genotypes.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.58.1-58.11
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• 2020

Background: Quantitative evaluation of renal cortical echogenicity (RCE) has been tried and developed in human and veterinary medicine. Objectives: The objective of this study was to propose a method for evaluating RCE quantitatively and intuitively, and to determine associations between ultrasonographic renal structural distinction and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in canine chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods: Data were collected on 63 dogs, including 27 with normal kidney function and 36 CKD patients. Symmetric dimethylarginine and creatinine concentrations were measured for calculating eGFR. RCE was evaluated as 3 grades on ultrasonography images according to the distinction between the renal cortex and outer medulla. The RCE grade of each kidney was measured. Results: There was a significant difference in eGFR between the group normal and CKD (p < 0.001). As mean of RCE grades (the mean values of each right and left kidney's RCE grade) increases, the proportion of group CKD among the patients in each grade increases (p < 0.001). Also, severity of RCE (classified as "high" if any right or left kidney evaluated as RCE grade 3, "low" otherwise) and eGFR is good indicator for predicting group CKD (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The degree of distinction between the renal cortex and the outer medulla is closely related to renal function including eGFR and the RCE grade defined in this study can be used as a method of objectively evaluating RCE.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.273-280
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• 2014

Investigations of hematologic and canine distemper virus, parvovirus antibody titer for DongGyeongi were performed. This study was conducted to determine into feeding and management blood values on DongGyeongi. Blood samples were collected from 110 healthy dogs (male 60, female 50). The diagnostic virus disease and hematologic results were classified by age, sex, color. Although gender differences were not apparent, complete blood cell counts analyses were performed and analyzed accordingly. Statistically significant differences (P<0.05) specific to age (<2). Also, The canine distemper virus and parvovirus antibody titer were correlation to age dependent (P<0.05). In conclusion, data obtained from this study may be valuable as a standard for interpretation of the results in hematologic and major viral antibody titer analysis of DongGyeongi populations. For the management of DongGyeongi, the programs will be used for the epidemic disease prevention.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.179-183
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• 2021

A 12-year-old male American Cocker Spaniel was diagnosed with a type of chronic hepatits (CH) called cholangioheaptits. Routine supportive medication was administered to the patient, and ex vivo boosted immune cell (EBI-C) therapy was used for the treatment. A histopathologic examination of the liver 19 months later revealed that the cholangiohepatitis had progressed to cholangiocarcinoma. The medication and immune cell therapy was maintained. Two months after the new diagnosis, the patient's state worsened, and the dog died 635 days after the first visit. EBI-C therapy is a type of immunotherapy, where immune cells are isolated from the patient's peripheral blood mononuclear cells, expanded ex vivo, and then infused into the patient intravenously every two weeks. EBI-Cs (mean: 2.78 × 10⁸ cells) were obtained 38 times and infused every two weeks. Most EBI-C were T-lymphocytes (99.24% of total EBI cells). T-lymphocytes produce large interferon (IFN)-γ, and IFN-γ inhibits liver fibrosis in dogs with CH. Moreover, in bile duct cancer, an increase in T-lymphocytes correlates with decreasing tumor invasion and metastasis. Thus, we propose that EBI-C therapy is applicable as a new supportive therapy for canine liver disease if other treatments like drug medication, surgery, or radiation are unavailable.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.25 no.11
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• pp.1966-1969
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• 2015

Canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) is a ubiquitous, chronic inflammatory skin disorder prevalent in dogs, which results in production of abnormal levels of IgE antibodies in reciprocation to an allergen challenge. In this study, administration of the probiotic strain Lactobacillus sakei probio-65 for 2 months significantly reduced the disease severity index in experimental dogs diagnosed with CAD. In addition, one month pre-medication of L. sakei probio-65 revealed significant difference in the PVAS score in experimental dogs for both probio-65 and placebo groups. However, post 2 months treatment resulted in a significant decrease in the CASESI score values in the probio-65-treated group (p < .0.06).

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.66-69
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• 2014

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an effective method for infectious disease, but as yet, no clinical trial on otitis externa has been conducted in animals. This report describes 4 cases of PDT treatment on severe otitis externa in canine. Four canines were treated with various concentrations of 5-aminolevulinic acid hydrochloride (5-ALA) and with various J (second ${\times}$ power) and irradiated by light-emitting diode light source at 635 nm, respectively. After the PDT applications, canines incubated in the dark for 5 or 6 hr. All patients showed clinical resolution of otitis externa after PDT treatment at the dose of 0.16~0.3 g ALA and J (54~162 $J/cm^2$). On the basis of these findings, PDT can be considered to be a new therapeutic approach to severe otitis externa in canine.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.129-134
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• 2010

Canine brucellosis is a contagious disease of the reproductive tract that cause mainly abortion and infertility in dog. A serological and bacteriological survey was conducted for breeding kennels which were suffered from frequent outbreak of canine brucellosis in Gyeongbuk province in 2009. Among 138 samples, 45 serum samples were sero-positive. Brucella canis was isolated from 30 blood samples of the seropositive cases, and from 2 samples of 62 sero-negatives. The biochemical properties of 32 isolates were characterized with no production of H2S, no fermentation of carbohydrates, hydrolyzation of urea, and development of thionin dye medium. At amplification of BCSP and 16S-rRNA gene using PCR, 711bp and 905bp DNA fragments were detected in agarose. Three tandem repeat pattern was shown in genotyping by Multi-locus VNTR assay (MLVA).

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.194-204
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• 2000

Echocardiography was performed to obtain the optimal planes for diagnosis of canine heartworm disease in 11 dogs. Imaging planes were taken the left ventricular outflow tract long-axis view, 4-chamber long-axis view, chordae tendineae level short-axis view and modified pulmonary arteries level short-axis view in the right parasternal window, and aptical 4-chamber long-axis view in hte left parasternal window. After echocaridography, the pulmonary artery valve pat was ligated with double 1-0 silk under the general anesthesia to prevent heartworm moving from pulmonary artery to right ventricle. The dogs were euthanized and examained for heartworms in heart and great vessels. Many adult heartworms were identified ultrasonographically within main pulmonary artery, bifurcation of pulmonary artery and right pulmonary artery, but not identified within right ventricle and atrium. At necropsy, adult heartworms were mainly found in pulmonary artery in 11 days, and also found in right ventricular outflow tract and right ventricle in 2 of 11 dogs. The modified pulmonary arteries level short-axis view was the best imaging plane for identifiying heartworms because the main pulmonary artery, branches of pulmonary artery and right pulmonary artery could be showed. The aortic root internal dimension (AOID) and right pulmonary atery internal dimension (RPAID) were measured from the modified pulmonary ateries level short-axis view and left ventricular outflow tract long-axis view. The RPAID and RPAID/AOID was higher in heartworm infected dogs than normal Korea Jin-do dogs in modified pulmonary arteries level short-axis view, and the AOID, RPAID and RPIAID/AOID was higher than in left ventricular outflow tract long-axis view, respectively. These results indicate that the pulmonary arteries were the major habitat of adult heartworm in canine heartworm disease and the modified pulmonary arteries level short-axis view was the best imaging planes for identifying heartworms because the main pulmonary arteries could be showed. Therefore the modified pulmonary arteries level short-axis view can be used for diagnosing heartworm disease and for monitoring dilation of pulmonary artery.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.243-248
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• 2001

Radiographic findings of degenerative joint disease (DJD) in the coxofemoral joints were studied in 108 dogs referred to Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University. Radiographic findings were identified with a extended ventrodorsal projection. Clinical signs such as pain in the affected joint, exercise intolerance, lameness, crepitation on flexion and extension of the joint and decreased range of motion, were shown in 40% and radiographic changes of bilateral coxofemoral joints were identified in 69% of a group of dogs. There are no sex predilections. Thirty-seven dogs were diagnosed as canine hip dysplasia (CHD; 10 cases), avascular necrosis of the femoral head (Legg-Calves-Perthes disease [LCPD]; 12 cases), fracture of the acetabulum (1 case), luxation(10 cases) and subluxation (15 cases), however, luxation and subluxation were identified in 11 dogs affected with CHD and LCPD. Causes of DJD in others (71case) were not identified. Radio-graphic findings identified included osteophyte formation at the attachment of the joint capsule (70%), sclerosis of the subchondral bone of the cranial acetabular edge (47%), remodeling of the femoral head (34%), thickening of the femoral neck(31%), perichondral osteophyte formation (31%), joint laxity (30%) and so on. All of the dogs diagnosed as CHD were large breed such as Retriever, Germain Shepherd, and Weimaraner and their age was under 1 year. This condition occurred bilaterally in 70% of affected animals. Dogs diagnosed as LCPD were young (under 1 year), small breed dogs. The incidence of LCPD is greater in Yorkshire Terrier, Miniature Pinscher and Poodle. This condition occurred unilaterally in 67% of affected animals. Clinical signs of dogs with unknown cause were shown in 15% and this condition occurred bilaterally in 75% of affected animals. Radiographic findings varied with patient's age and breed, however, the most common finding was osteophyte formation at the attachment of the joint capsule.