• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.97-101
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• 2012

Six lignan compounds, 1-(17,21-dihydroxyphenyl)-9-(12,13-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-nonanone (malabaricone C) (1), 7'-(3',4'-methylenedioxyphenyl)-8,8'-dimethyl-7-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-butane (2), 7'-(3',4'-dimethoxyphenyl)-8,8'-dimethyl-7-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)-butane (3), 7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-7'-(3',4'-methylenedioxyphenyl)-8,8'-lignan-7-methyl ether (4), (+)-erythro-(7S,8R)-${\Delta}^{8^'}$-7-hydroxy-3,4,3',5'-tetramethoxy-8-O-4'-neolignan (5), and (+)-erythro-(7S,8R)-${\Delta}^{8^'}$-7-acetoxy-3,4,3',5'-tetramethoxy-8-O-4'-neolignan (6), were isolated from the seeds of Myristica fragrans. The chemical structures of these compounds were determined on the basis of spectroscopic analyses including 2D NMR. Compounds 1 - 6 were evaluated for their cytotoxic activity against the HL-60, MCF-7, and A549 cancer cell lines in in vitro.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.6511-6516
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• 2012

Recently, we reported that an ethanol extract of Iris nertschinskia induces p53-dependent apoptosis in the MCF7 human breast cancer cell line. However, the detailed mechanisms were not fully explored. Here, we demonstrate another aspect of the activity of I. nertschinskia in breast cancer cells. We compared the response to an ethanol extract of I. nertschinskia in two different human breast cancer cell lines, Hs578Tand MDA-MB231, respectively with relatively low and high AKT1/2 activity by trypan blue exclusion assay and FACS analysis. Knockdown of endogenous AKT1 or AKT2 in breast cancer cells by RNA interference determined the sensitivity to I. nertschinskia ethanol extract compared to control cells. The I. nertschinskia ethanol extract induced cell death in a manner that depended on the level of phosphorylated AKT1/2 protein and was associated with a significant increase in the sub-G1 cell population, indicative of apoptosis. Our results indicate that an ethanol extract of I. nertschinskia differentially induces cell death in breast cancer cells depending on their level of phosphorylated AKT1/2.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.609-614
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• 2013

This study was carried out in order to investigate the functional properties of methanol extracts from two parts (root and fruit) of Xanthium strumarium by means of measuring the contents of total polyphenols and flavonoid as well as determining $ABTS{\cdot}^+$, DPPH radical scavenging activity, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity (OH${\cdot}$) and anticancer activity. The examination of physiologically active substances in the two parts revealed that the Xanthium strumarium fruit had high total polyphenol, flavonoid contents, $ABTS{\cdot}^+$ DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. The Xanthium strumarium fruit has higher activities of anticancer activities on prostate cell lines compared to other cancer cell lines.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.67-70
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• 2011

The roots of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. were extracted with 30% aqueous ethanol (EtOH), and the concentrated extract was partitioned with n-hexane, chloroform ($CHCl_3$), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), n-butanol (n-BuOH), and $H_2O$, successively. From the $CHCl_3$ fraction, four flavonoids were isolated through the repeated silica gel ($SiO_2$), octadecyl silica gel (ODS), and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatographies (c.c.). According to the results of spectroscopic data including nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (NMR), electron ionization mass spectrometry (EI/MS), and infrared spectroscopy (IR), the chemical structures of the compounds were determined as glabrol (1), abyssinone II (2), glabridin (3), and isoliquiritigenin (4). The flavonoids were evaluated for cytotoxic effect against human cancer cell lines, HCT-116, HepG2, HeLa, SK-OV-3, SK-BR-3, MCF-7, and SK-MEL-5. Especially, glabrol (1) and glabridin (2) showed $IC_{50}$ values of lower than $25{\mu}M$.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.369-377
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• 2014

In order to find out anticancer activity of Korean pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), the cytotoxicity against 8 cell lines including 293 (normal kidney cells) and A-431 (epidermoid carcinoma cells) of extracts by extraction solvents and plant parts were investigated using MTT assay. Also the correlation between content of capsaicin known as anticancer ingredient and cytotoxicity of extracts from pepper were analyzed. The distilled water extracts from seed and germinated seed showed very high cytotoxicity against 6 cancer cell lines including A549 (lung carcinoma cells), AGS (stomach adenocarcinoma cells), HeLa (cervix adenocarcinoma cells), HepG2 (hepatoblastoma cells), HT-29 (colon adenocarcinoma cells), and MCF-7 (breast adenocarcinoma cells). But 80% ethanol and methanol extracts showed cytotoxicity against 293 and AGS. The $RC_{50}$, that was, the concentration of sample required for 50% reduction of cell viability, of seed and germinated seed extracts against AGS were $33.4{\sim}389.1{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ and $63.9{\sim}1,316.7{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, respectively, so anticancer activity was higher in seed than in germinated seed. In capsaicin contents, seed with high cytotoxicity and pericarp with a little cytotoxicity contained $47.4{\sim}1,260.0{\mu}g/g$ and $58.3{\sim}1,498.0{\mu}g/g$, respectively. As these results, the correlation was not between cytotoxicity and capsaicin content.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.318-325
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• 2006

Ultrasonified extracts from seawater-based cultures of the microalga Spiyulina platensis were obtained using water and ethanol at 60 and 100$^{\circ}C$. The yield of the aqueous fraction of S. platensis extracted using ultrasonification was about 33.46%. The cytotoxicity against HEK293 and inhibition ratios of the cancer cell lines A549, AGS, MCF7, and Hep3B were measured using the sulforhodamine-B (SRB) assay. The cytotoxicity of all extracts at 1.0 mg/mL was below 26%. The cytotoxicity of the ultrasonified extracts from the seawater-based culture of the microalga Spirulina platensis was about 4% less than that of Spirulina platensis without ultrasonification. The inhibition ratio of cancer cell growth was approximately 80% for 1.0 mg/mL extracts. The inhibitory effect on cancer cell growth was greater for seawater containing ultrasonified Spirulina platensis extracts than for extracts without ultrasonification. The differentiation ratio of HL-60 cells was 160.9%. Densitometric analysis of Bcl-2 revealed that the ultrasonified extracts had greater anticancer activity than the extracts without ultrasonification.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.307-312
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• 2005

We investigated the growth inhibitory effects of Atrina pecitinata (AP) on the proliferation in human cancer cell lines in vitro. AP was extracted with methanol which was further fractionated into four different types: methanol (APMM), haxane (APMH), butanol (APMB), and aquous layers (APMA). Among various partition layers, the APMM showed the strongest cytotoxic effects on all cancer cell lines which we used. In the MTT assay of AP fractions, the growth inhibitory effects was increased in proportion to its concentration. We observed quinone reductase (QR) induced effects in all fraction layers of AP on HepG2 cells. The QR induced effects of APMM on HepG2 cell at 80 $\mu$g/mL concentration indicated 2.0 with a control value of 1.0.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.174-180
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• 2014

D-Pinitol, an anti-diabetic substance, is a naturally occurring compound found in legumes. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of D-pinitol on growth and recurrence of breast cancer. When D-pinitol was treated on MDA-MB-231 or MCF-7 breast cancer cells, it was observed that the viability of the two cancer cell lines was reduced in MTT assay. In order to examine the effect on the growth of breast tumor, mouse xenograft assay was carried out. On day 0, nine millions cells of MDA-MB-231 were injected subcutaneously into nude mouse and D-pinitol was administered orally at the dose of 500 mg/kg or 1000 mg/kg body weight for consecutive 45 days. Tumor size was reduced in dose-dependent manner upto 95.4% in 1000 mpk-treated group, compared with the non-treated control group. When D-pinitol was co-administrated with $4{\mu}g$ of doxorubicin, recurrence of breast tumor was delayed by two weeks, compared with the mouse group of doxorubicin monotherapy. Consistent with this data, it was observed that the population of cancer stem cells (CSCs), responsible for recurrence of cancer, within tumor mass was significantly reduced. Taken together, D-pinitol inhibits the growth of breast cancer and relapse of the tumor by suppressing the proliferation of CSCs.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.231-237
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• 2002

This study was conducted to determine biological activities, such as lipid peroxidation inhibition, cytotoxicity, sun blocker, inhibition of tyrosinase, and antioxidative effect, of ethanol extracts, and of solvent fractionated ethanol extracts obtained from grape seeds and skins. The strongest lipid oxidative inhibition of 66.9% and 67.6% was observed respectively, in the presence of 20 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ of both ethanol extract and water fraction of grape seeds. Overall, the ethanol extracts and their fractions of grape seeds exhibited stronger lipid oxidative inhibition than that of skin extracts. On the other hand, the ethanol extracts of grape skins showed stronger cytotoxicity than that of seeds on MCF-7, Hep3B, and A549 cancer cell lines. However, the water fraction of seed ethanol extracts showed the strongest cytotoxic effect of 76.52% and 67.01% on MCF-7 and Hep3B, respectively among their fractions. Ethanol seed extracts obtained at 3$0^{\circ}C$ had the strongest absorbance both at UVA region (350 nm) and UVB region (308 nm) and the chloroform fraction showed the strongest absorbance at W region and butanol fraction at UVA region among their tractions, respectively. In the meantime, the ethanol extracts obtained at 3$0^{\circ}C$ and butanol fraction showed the strongest tyrosinase inhibitory effect of 39.4% and 37.6%, respectively. This study shows that ethanol extracts and their fractions of grape seeds and skins could be potential good materials for functional food and cosmetic products.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.180-186
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• 2009

Whole plants of Vitex rotundifolia were extracted for 2 days with methylene chloride ($CH_2Cl_2$) followed by extraction of the residue for an additional 2 days. The same procedure was also applied using methanol (MeOH). The two crude extracts were combined and partitioned between $CH_2Cl_2$ and $H_2O$. The organic layer was further partitioned between n-hexane and 85% aq. MeOH, and the aqueous layer was also further fractionated with n-BuOH and $H_2O$, successively. From the 85% aq. MeOH fraction, one compound was isolated through the repeated HPLC. According to the results of physicochemical data including NMR and MS, the chemical structure of the compound was determined as artemetin (1). The antiproliferative effects of the crude extracts, fractions, and compound against HT1080, AGS, MCF-7 and HT-29 human cancer cells were compared with the control by using MTT assay. In the comparative analysis, the 85% aq. MeOH fraction exhibited the strongest antiproliferative effects on human cancer cell lines in a dose-dependent manner (p<0.05). In addition, exposure of compound 1 isolated from 85% aq. MeOH fraction led to strong antiproliferative effect in HT1080 cancer cell lines. These results suggest that the extracts and compound isolated from V. rotundifolia may be used as potential chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agents.